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Все 24 порта поддерживают функцию авто-MDI/MDIX, больше не нужно думать о типе кабеля, просто воткните кабель в устройство и оно будет с ним работать. Более того, применение инновационной энергосберегающей технологии позволит сберечь до 20%* потребляемой электроэнергии, поэтому TL-SG1024D представляет собой экологически безопасное устройство для вашей офисной сети.</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.42857em; font-size: 14.0014px; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, FreeSans, 'Liberation Sans', 'Nimbus Sans L', sans-serif;\"><strong>Гигабитный коммутатор</strong><br />Модель TL-SG1024D оснащена 24 портами 10/100/1000 Мбит/с, что значительным образом увеличивает пропускную способность вашей сети, позволяя передавать файлы большого размера в кратчайшее время. Поэтому пользователи дома, в офисе, в рабочей группе или дизайн-студии теперь могут быстрее передавать большие, чувствительные к пропускной способности канала файлы. Мгновенная передача по сети графики, CGI-, CAD- и мультимедиа-файлов.</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.42857em; font-size: 14.0014px; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, FreeSans, 'Liberation Sans', 'Nimbus Sans L', sans-serif;\"><strong>Прояви заботу об окружающей среде</strong><br />Теперь, при переходе на гигабитную сеть, вы можете проявить заботу об окружающей среде! 24-портовый гигабитный коммутатор TL-SG1024D поддерживает последние энергосберегающие технологии, с помощью которых вы сможете увеличить пропускную способность вашей сети со значительно меньшими энергозатратами. Устройство автоматически выбирает режим питания в зависимости от статуса соединения и длины кабеля для того, чтобы сберечь электроэнергию и тем самым ограничить количество выбросов углерода, совершаемых при ее выработке.</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.42857em; font-size: 14.0014px; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, FreeSans, 'Liberation Sans', 'Nimbus Sans L', sans-serif;\"><strong>Отключение неработающих портов</strong><br />При выключении компьютера или сетевого оборудования, соответствующий порт обыкновенного коммутатора продолжает потреблять значительное количество электричества. Коммутатор TL-SG1024D может автоматически определять статус соединения на каждом порту и сокращать потребление электроэнергии на неработающих портах.<br />Выбор режима питания в зависимости от длины кабеля<br />Короткий кабель потребляет меньше электричества ввиду меньших потерь при передаче; но на большинстве коммутаторов это не принимается во внимание &ndash; они подают одинаковое питание вне зависимости от длины кабеля &ndash; 10 или 50 метров. В отличие от обыкновенных коммутаторов с подачей одинакового питания на все порты, коммутатор TL-SG1024D определяет длину подключенного кабеля Ethernet и выбирает соответствующий режим питания.</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.42857em; font-size: 14.0014px; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, FreeSans, 'Liberation Sans', 'Nimbus Sans L', sans-serif;\"><strong>Простота в использовании</strong><br />Функции автосогласования гигабитного коммутатора облегчают установку устройства. Не требуется дополнительной настройки. Функция авто-MDI/MDIX устраняет необходимость применения кабеля с перекрещивающимися парами. Функция автосогласования на каждом порту определяет скорость соединения сетевого устройства (10, 100 или 1000 Мбит/с) и производит настройку совместимости и оптимального режима работы.<br /><span id=\"copyinfo\" style=\"position: absolute; overflow: hidden; width: 1px; height: 1px;\"><br />Подробнее:&nbsp;<a style=\"text-decoration-line: none; outline: none; color: #9d5faf;\" href=\"http://rozetka.com.ua/tp_link_tl_sg1024d/p203087/\">http://rozetka.com.ua/tp_link_tl_sg1024d/p203087/</a></span></p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>","shortDescription":"Поддержка запоминания MAC-адресов и функции Auto MDI/MDIX\r\nСтальной корпус, устанавливается в стандартной стойке (19 дюймов)\r\nПоддержка функции управления потоком IEEE 802.3X\r\nКоммутация по принципу Stor","type":"Hardware","isRoiCalculatorAvaliable":false,"isConfiguratorAvaliable":false,"bonus":100,"usingCount":16,"sellingCount":16,"discontinued":0,"rebateForPoc":0,"rebate":0,"seo":{"title":"Коммутатор TP-LINK TL-SG1024D (t)","keywords":"TL-SG1024D, кабеля, питания, сети, вашей, зависимости, гигабитный, длины","description":"<p style=\"margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.42857em; font-size: 14.0014px; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, FreeSans, 'Liberation Sans', 'Nimbus Sans L', sans-serif;\"><strong>Предназначение устройства</strong><br />24-портовый ги","og:title":"Коммутатор TP-LINK TL-SG1024D (t)","og:description":"<p style=\"margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.42857em; font-size: 14.0014px; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, FreeSans, 'Liberation Sans', 'Nimbus Sans L', sans-serif;\"><strong>Предназначение устройства</strong><br />24-портовый ги","og:image":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/content/TP_LINKD__t_.jpg"},"eventUrl":"","translationId":6993,"dealDetails":null,"roi":null,"price":null,"bonusForReference":null,"templateData":[],"testingArea":"","categories":[{"id":536,"title":"WAN optimization - appliance","alias":"wan-optimization-appliance","description":" WAN optimization appliance is a collection of techniques for increasing data-transfer efficiencies across wide-area networks (WANs). In 2008, the WAN optimization market was estimated to be $1 billion and was to grow to $4.4 billion by 2014 according to Gartner, a technology research firm. In 2015 Gartner estimated the WAN optimization market to be a $1.1 billion market.\r\nThe most common measures of TCP data-transfer efficiencies (i.e., optimization) are throughput, bandwidth requirements, latency, protocol optimization, and congestion, as manifested in dropped packets. In addition, the WAN itself can be classified with regards to the distance between endpoints and the amounts of data transferred. Two common business WAN topologies are Branch to Headquarters and Data Center to Data Center (DC2DC). In general, &quot;Branch&quot; WAN links are closer, use less bandwidth, support more simultaneous connections, support smaller connections and more short-lived connections, and handle a greater variety of protocols. They are used for business applications such as email, content management systems, database application, and Web delivery. In comparison, &quot;DC2DC&quot; WAN links tend to require more bandwidth, are more distant and involve fewer connections, but those connections are bigger (100 Mbit/s to 1 Gbit/s flows) and of longer duration. Traffic on a &quot;DC2DC&quot; WAN may include replication, back up, data migration, virtualization, and other Business Continuity/Disaster Recovery (BC/DR) flow.\r\nWAN optimization has been the subject of extensive academic research almost since the advent of the WAN. In the early 2000s, research in both the private and public sectors turned to improve the end-to-end throughput of TCP, and the target of the first proprietary WAN optimization solutions was the Branch WAN. In recent years, however, the rapid growth of digital data, and the concomitant needs to store and protect it, has presented a need for DC2DC WAN optimization. For example, such optimizations can be performed to increase overall network capacity utilization, meet inter-datacenter transfer deadlines, or minimize average completion times of data transfers. As another example, private inter-datacenter WANs can benefit optimizations for fast and efficient geo-replication of data and content, such as newly computed machine learning models or multimedia content.\r\nComponent techniques of Branch WAN Optimization include deduplication, wide-area file services (WAFS), SMB proxy, HTTPS Proxy, media multicasting, web caching, and bandwidth management. Requirements for DC2DC WAN Optimization also center around deduplication and TCP acceleration, however, these must occur in the context of multi-gigabit data transfer rates. ","materialsDescription":" <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What techniques does WAN optimization have?</span>\r\n<ul><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Deduplication</span> – Eliminates the transfer of redundant data across the WAN by sending references instead of the actual data. By working at the byte level, benefits are achieved across IP applications.</li><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Compression</span> – Relies on data patterns that can be represented more efficiently. Essentially compression techniques similar to ZIP, RAR, ARJ, etc. are applied on-the-fly to data passing through hardware (or virtual machine) based WAN acceleration appliances.</li><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Latency optimization</span> – Can include TCP refinements such as window-size scaling, selective acknowledgments, Layer 3 congestion control algorithms, and even co-location strategies in which the application is placed in near proximity to the endpoint to reduce latency. In some implementations, the local WAN optimizer will answer the requests of the client locally instead of forwarding the request to the remote server in order to leverage write-behind and read-ahead mechanisms to reduce WAN latency.</li><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Caching/proxy</span> – Staging data in local caches; Relies on human behavior, accessing the same data over and over.</li><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Forward error correction</span> – Mitigates packet loss by adding another loss-recovery packet for every “N” packets that are sent, and this would reduce the need for retransmissions in error-prone and congested WAN links.</li><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Protocol spoofing</span> – Bundles multiple requests from chatty applications into one. May also include stream-lining protocols such as CIFS.</li><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Traffic shaping</span> – Controls data flow for specific applications. Giving flexibility to network operators/network admins to decide which applications take precedence over the WAN. A common use case of traffic shaping would be to prevent one protocol or application from hogging or flooding a link over other protocols deemed more important by the business/administrator. Some WAN acceleration devices are able to traffic shape with granularity far beyond traditional network devices. Such as shaping traffic on a per-user AND per application basis simultaneously.</li><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Equalizing</span> – Makes assumptions on what needs immediate priority based on data usage. Usage examples for equalizing may include wide open unregulated Internet connections and clogged VPN tunnels.</li><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Connection limits</span> – Prevents access gridlock in and to denial of service or to peer. Best suited for wide-open Internet access links, can also be used links.</li><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Simple rate limits</span> – Prevents one user from getting more than a fixed amount of data. Best suited as a stop-gap first effort for remediating a congested Internet connection or WAN link.</li></ul>","iconURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/icon_WAN_optimization_appliance.png"}],"characteristics":[],"concurentProducts":[{"id":4620,"logoURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/content/u250x-ROI4CIO.jpg","logo":true,"scheme":false,"title":"WiJungle U250X (NextGen Firewall/UTM + Web Application Firewall + Hotspot Gateway + Load Balancer Router + VPN Router) With 3 Years License ","vendorVerified":0,"rating":"0.00","implementationsCount":0,"suppliersCount":0,"supplierPartnersCount":0,"alias":"wijungle-u35-nextgen-firewallutm-appliance-web-application-firewall-appliance-hotspot-gateway-appliance-load-balancer-router-vpn-router-with-3-years-license","companyTitle":"WiJungle","companyTypes":["supplier","vendor"],"companyId":7007,"companyAlias":"wijungle","description":"<p><span class=\"c-message__body\" data-qa=\"message-text\">WiJungle seamlessly manages the network, internet and security of different business verticals like Enterprises, Education, Hospitality, Healthcare, Retail, Transport, Smart City, Defence, Residential Estates, Events etc. across the globe.<br />The product is available in 30+ different models to serve wide range of concurrent users with throughput range from 3.2 Gbps to 240 Gbps.<br /></span><br />It offers features like</p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Access/Interface Management</li>\r\n<li>Network Management</li>\r\n<li>User/Guest Management</li>\r\n<li>BandWidth Management</li>\r\n<li>Quality Of Service</li>\r\n<li>Data Leakage Prevention</li>\r\n<li>Content Filtering</li>\r\n<li>Load Balancing</li>\r\n<li>High Availability</li>\r\n<li>Gateway Anti-Virus</li>\r\n<li>Anti-Spam</li>\r\n<li>Web Server Protection</li>\r\n<li>Sandbox</li>\r\n<li>Advance Threat Protection</li>\r\n<li>Intrusion Prevention System</li>\r\n<li>Virtual Private Network</li>\r\n<li>Vulnerability Assessment</li>\r\n<li>Intuitive &amp; Location Aware Captive Portals</li>\r\n<li>SMS Gateway Integration</li>\r\n<li>Social Media Engagement/Advertisement option</li>\r\n<li>Feedback Management</li>\r\n<li>User Logging</li>\r\n<li>Reporting and Analytics</li>\r\n<li>Prepaid/Postpaid Billing</li>\r\n<li>Voucher Management</li>\r\n<li>PMS/HIS Integration</li>\r\n<li>AP/Device Management</li>\r\n<li>Alert Management</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>","shortDescription":"WiJungle is a Unified Network Security Gateway Appliance that combinedly serves as NextGen Firewall/Unified Threat Management, Web Application Firewall, Hotspot Gateway, Vulnerability Assessment etc.","type":null,"isRoiCalculatorAvaliable":false,"isConfiguratorAvaliable":false,"bonus":100,"usingCount":1,"sellingCount":19,"discontinued":0,"rebateForPoc":0,"rebate":0,"seo":{"title":"WiJungle U250X (NextGen Firewall/UTM + Web Application Firewall + Hotspot Gateway + Load Balancer Router + VPN Router) With 3 Years License ","keywords":"","description":"<p><span class=\"c-message__body\" data-qa=\"message-text\">WiJungle seamlessly manages the network, internet and security of different business verticals like Enterprises, Education, Hospitality, Healthcare, Retail, Transport, Smart City, Defence, Residential Est","og:title":"WiJungle U250X (NextGen Firewall/UTM + Web Application Firewall + Hotspot Gateway + Load Balancer Router + VPN Router) With 3 Years License ","og:description":"<p><span class=\"c-message__body\" data-qa=\"message-text\">WiJungle seamlessly manages the network, internet and security of different business verticals like Enterprises, Education, Hospitality, Healthcare, Retail, Transport, Smart City, Defence, Residential Est","og:image":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/content/u250x-ROI4CIO.jpg"},"eventUrl":"","translationId":4620,"dealDetails":null,"roi":null,"price":null,"bonusForReference":null,"templateData":[],"testingArea":"","categories":[{"id":471,"title":"Hardware","alias":"hardware","description":" Computer hardware includes the physical, tangible parts or components of a computer, such as the cabinet, central processing unit, monitor, keyboard, computer data storage, graphics card, sound card, speakers and motherboard. By contrast, software is instructions that can be stored and run by hardware. Hardware is so-termed because it is &quot;hard&quot; or rigid with respect to changes or modifications; whereas software is &quot;soft&quot; because it is easy to update or change. Intermediate between software and hardware is &quot;firmware&quot;, which is software that is strongly coupled to the particular hardware of a computer system and thus the most difficult to change but also among the most stable with respect to consistency of interface. The progression from levels of &quot;hardness&quot; to &quot;softness&quot; in computer systems parallels a progression of layers of abstraction in computing.\r\nHardware is typically directed by the software to execute any command or instruction. A combination of hardware and software forms a usable computing system, although other systems exist with only hardware components.\r\nThe template for all modern computers is the Von Neumann architecture, detailed in a 1945 paper by Hungarian mathematician John von Neumann. This describes a design architecture for an electronic digital computer with subdivisions of a processing unit consisting of an arithmetic logic unit and processor registers, a control unit containing an instruction register and program counter, a memory to store both data and instructions, external mass storage, and input and output mechanisms. The meaning of the term has evolved to mean a stored-program computer in which an instruction fetch and a data operation cannot occur at the same time because they share a common bus. This is referred to as the Von Neumann bottleneck and often limits the performance of the system.","materialsDescription":" <span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">What does Hardware (H/W) mean?</span>\r\nHardware (H/W), in the context of technology, refers to the physical elements that make up a computer or electronic system and everything else involved that is physically tangible. This includes the monitor, hard drive, memory and CPU. Hardware works hand-in-hand with firmware and software to make a computer function.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">What are the types of computer systems?</span>\r\n<span style=\"font-style: italic; \"><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Personal computer</span></span>\r\nThe personal computer, also known as the PC, is one of the most common types of computer due to its versatility and relatively low price. Laptops are generally very similar, although they may use lower-power or reduced size components, thus lower performance.\r\n<span style=\"font-style: italic; \"><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Case</span></span>\r\nThe computer case encloses and holds most of the components of the system. It provides mechanical support and protection for internal elements such as the motherboard, disk drives, and power supplies, and controls and directs the flow of cooling air over internal components. The case is also part of the system to control electromagnetic interference radiated by the computer, and protects internal parts from electrostatic discharge. Large tower cases provide extra internal space for multiple disk drives or other peripherals and usually stand on the floor, while desktop cases provide less expansion room. All-in-one style designs include a video display built into the same case. Portable and laptop computers require cases that provide impact protection for the unit. A current development in laptop computers is a detachable keyboard, which allows the system to be configured as a touch-screen tablet. Hobbyists may decorate the cases with colored lights, paint, or other features, in an activity called case modding.\r\n<span style=\"font-style: italic; \"><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Power supply</span></span>\r\nA power supply unit (PSU) converts alternating current (AC) electric power to low-voltage direct current (DC) power for the internal components of the computer. Laptops are capable of running from a built-in battery, normally for a period of hours. The PSU typically uses a switched-mode power supply (SMPS), with power MOSFETs (power metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors) used in the converters and regulator circuits of the SMPS.\r\n<span style=\"font-style: italic; \"><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Motherboard</span></span>\r\nThe motherboard is the main component of a computer. It is a board with integrated circuitry that connects the other parts of the computer including the CPU, the RAM, the disk drives (CD, DVD, hard disk, or any others) as well as any peripherals connected via the ports or the expansion slots. The integrated circuit (IC) chips in a computer typically contain billions of tiny metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs).\r\nComponents directly attached to or to part of the motherboard include:\r\n<ul><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">The CPU (central processing unit)</span>, which performs most of the calculations which enable a computer to function, and is referred to as the brain of the computer which get a hold of program instruction from random-access memory (RAM), interprets and processes it and then send it backs to computer result so that the relevant components can carry out the instructions. The CPU is a microprocessor, which is fabricated on a metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) integrated circuit (IC) chip. It is usually cooled by a heat sink and fan, or water-cooling system. Most newer CPU include an on-die graphics processing unit (GPU). The clock speed of CPU governs how fast it executes instructions, and is measured in GHz; typical values lie between 1 GHz and 5 GHz. Many modern computers have the option to overclock the CPU which enhances performance at the expense of greater thermal output and thus a need for improved cooling.</li><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">The chipset</span>, which includes the north bridge, mediates communication between the CPU and the other components of the system, including main memory; as well as south bridge, which is connected to the north bridge, and supports auxiliary interfaces and buses; and, finally, a Super I/O chip, connected through the south bridge, which supports the slowest and most legacy components like serial ports, hardware monitoring and fan control.</li><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Random-access memory (RAM)</span>, which stores the code and data that are being actively accessed by the CPU. For example, when a web browser is opened on the computer it takes up memory; this is stored in the RAM until the web browser is closed. It is typically a type of dynamic RAM (DRAM), such as synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), where MOS memory chips store data on memory cells consisting of MOSFETs and MOS capacitors. RAM usually comes on dual in-line memory modules (DIMMs) in the sizes of 2GB, 4GB, and 8GB, but can be much larger.</li><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Read-only memory (ROM)</span>, which stores the BIOS that runs when the computer is powered on or otherwise begins execution, a process known as Bootstrapping, or &quot;booting&quot; or &quot;booting up&quot;. The ROM is typically a nonvolatile BIOS memory chip, which stores data on floating-gate MOSFET memory cells.</li><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">The BIOS (Basic Input Output System)</span> includes boot firmware and power management firmware. Newer motherboards use Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI) instead of BIOS.</li><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Buses</span> that connect the CPU to various internal components and to expand cards for graphics and sound.</li><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">The CMOS</span> (complementary MOS) battery, which powers the CMOS memory for date and time in the BIOS chip. This battery is generally a watch battery.</li><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">The video card</span> (also known as the graphics card), which processes computer graphics. More powerful graphics cards are better suited to handle strenuous tasks, such as playing intensive video games or running computer graphics software. A video card contains a graphics processing unit (GPU) and video memory (typically a type of SDRAM), both fabricated on MOS integrated circuit (MOS IC) chips.</li><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Power MOSFETs</span> make up the voltage regulator module (VRM), which controls how much voltage other hardware components receive.</li></ul>\r\n<span style=\"font-style: italic; \"><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Expansion cards</span></span>\r\nAn expansion card in computing is a printed circuit board that can be inserted into an expansion slot of a computer motherboard or backplane to add functionality to a computer system via the expansion bus. Expansion cards can be used to obtain or expand on features not offered by the motherboard.\r\n<span style=\"font-style: italic; \"><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Storage devices</span></span>\r\nA storage device is any computing hardware and digital media that is used for storing, porting and extracting data files and objects. It can hold and store information both temporarily and permanently, and can be internal or external to a computer, server or any similar computing device. Data storage is a core function and fundamental component of computers.\r\n<span style=\"font-style: italic; \"><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Fixed media</span></span>\r\nData is stored by a computer using a variety of media. Hard disk drives (HDDs) are found in virtually all older computers, due to their high capacity and low cost, but solid-state drives (SSDs) are faster and more power efficient, although currently more expensive than hard drives in terms of dollar per gigabyte, so are often found in personal computers built post-2007. SSDs use flash memory, which stores data on MOS memory chips consisting of floating-gate MOSFET memory cells. Some systems may use a disk array controller for greater performance or reliability.\r\n<span style=\"font-style: italic; \"><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Removable media</span></span>\r\nTo transfer data between computers, an external flash memory device (such as a memory card or USB flash drive) or optical disc (such as a CD-ROM, DVD-ROM or BD-ROM) may be used. Their usefulness depends on being readable by other systems; the majority of machines have an optical disk drive (ODD), and virtually all have at least one Universal Serial Bus (USB) port.\r\n<span style=\"font-style: italic; \"><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Input and output peripherals</span></span>\r\nInput and output devices are typically housed externally to the main computer chassis. The following are either standard or very common to many computer systems.\r\n<span style=\"font-style: italic; \"><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Input</span></span>\r\nInput devices allow the user to enter information into the system, or control its operation. Most personal computers have a mouse and keyboard, but laptop systems typically use a touchpad instead of a mouse. Other input devices include webcams, microphones, joysticks, and image scanners.\r\n<span style=\"font-style: italic; \"><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Output device</span></span>\r\nOutput devices display information in a human readable form. Such devices could include printers, speakers, monitors or a Braille embosser.\r\n<span style=\"font-style: italic; \"><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Mainframe computer</span></span>\r\nA mainframe computer is a much larger computer that typically fills a room and may cost many hundreds or thousands of times as much as a personal computer. They are designed to perform large numbers of calculations for governments and large enterprises.\r\n<span style=\"font-style: italic; \"><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Departmental computing</span></span>\r\nIn the 1960s and 1970s, more and more departments started to use cheaper and dedicated systems for specific purposes like process control and laboratory automation.\r\n<span style=\"font-style: italic;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Supercomputer</span></span>\r\nA supercomputer is superficially similar to a mainframe, but is instead intended for extremely demanding computational tasks. As of June 2018, the fastest supercomputer on the TOP500supercomputer list is the Summit, in the United States, with a LINPACK benchmarkscore of 122.3 PFLOPS Light, by around 29 PFLOPS.\r\nThe term supercomputer does not refer to a specific technology. Rather it indicates the fastest computations available at any given time. In mid 2011, the fastest supercomputers boasted speeds exceeding one petaflop, or 1 quadrillion (10^15 or 1,000 trillion) floating point operations per second. Supercomputers are fast but extremely costly, so they are generally used by large organizations to execute computationally demanding tasks involving large data sets. Supercomputers typically run military and scientific applications. Although costly, they are also being used for commercial applications where huge amounts of data must be analyzed. For example, large banks employ supercomputers to calculate the risks and returns of various investment strategies, and healthcare organizations use them to analyze giant databases of patient data to determine optimal treatments for various diseases and problems incurring to the country. ","iconURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/icon_Hardware.jpg"},{"id":443,"title":"Application Delivery Controller (load balancer) - appliance","alias":"application-delivery-controller-load-balancer-appliance","description":" Application Delivery Controllers are the next generation of load balancers, and are typically located between the firewall/router and the web server farm. An application delivery controller is a network device that helps sites direct user traffic to remove excess load from two or more servers. In addition to providing Layer 4 load balancing, ADCs can manage Layer 7 for content switching, and also provide SSL offload and acceleration. They tend to offer more advanced features such as content redirection as well as server health monitoring. An Application delivery controller may also be known as a Web switch, URL switch, Web content switch, content switch and Layer 7 switch.\r\nToday, advanced application delivery controllers and intelligent load balancers are not only affordable, but the consolidation of Layer 4-7 load balancing and content switching, and server offload capabilities such as SSL, data caching and compression provides companies with cost-effective out-of-the-box infrastructure.\r\nFor enterprise organizations (companies with 1,000 or more employees), integrating best-of-breed network infrastructure is commonplace. However best-of-breed does not equate with deploying networks with enterprise-specific features and expensive products, but rather, deploying products that are purpose-built, with the explicit features, performance, reliability and scalability created specifically for the companies of all sizes.\r\nIn general, businesses of all sizes are inclined to purchase “big brand” products. However, smaller vendors that offer products within the same category can provide the optimal performance, features and reliability required, with the same benefits - at a lower cost.\r\nFor the enterprise market, best-of-breed comes with a high Total Cost of Ownership (TCO), since deploying products from various manufacturers requires additional training, maintenance and support. Kemp can help SMBs lower their TCO, and help them build reliable, high performance and scalable web and application infrastructure. Kemp products have a high price/performance value for SMBs. Our products are purpose-built for SMB businesses for dramatically less than the price of “big name” ADC and SLB vendors who are developing features that enterprise customers might use.","materialsDescription":" <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What are application delivery controllers?</span>\r\nApplication Delivery Controllers (ADCs) are the next stage in the development of server load balancing solutions. ADCs allow you to perform not only the tasks of balancing user requests between servers, but also incorporate mechanisms that increase the performance, security and resiliency of applications, as well as ensure their scalability.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">And what other possibilities do application controllers have?</span>\r\nIn addition to the function of uniform distribution of user requests, application delivery controllers have many other interesting features. They can provide around-the-clock availability of services, improve web application performance up to five times, reduce risks when launching new services, protect confidential data, and publish internal applications to the outside with secure external access (a potential replacement for outgoing Microsoft TMG).\r\nOne of the most important functions of application delivery controllers, which distinguish them from simple load balancers, is the presence of a functional capable of processing information issued to the user based on certain rules.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What are the prerequisites for implementing application delivery controllers in a particular organization?</span>\r\nA number of factors can determine the criteria for deciding whether to implement application controllers in your organization. First, this is the poor performance of web services, which is a long download of content, frequent hangs and crashes. Secondly, such a prerequisite can be interruptions in the work of services and communication channels, expressed in failures in the transmitting and receiving equipment that ensures the operation of the data transmission network, as well as failures in the operation of servers.\r\nIn addition, it is worth thinking about implementing application delivery controllers if you use Microsoft TMG or Cisco ACE products, since they are no longer supported by the manufacturer. A prerequisite for the implementation of ADC may be the launch of new large web projects, since this process will inevitably entail the need to ensure the operability of this web project with the maintenance of high fault tolerance and performance.\r\nAlso, controllers are needed when you need to provide fault tolerance, continuous availability and high speed of applications that are consolidated in the data center. A similar situation arises when it is necessary to build a backup data center: here you also need to ensure fault tolerance between several data centers located in different cities.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What are the prospects for the introduction of application controllers in Russia and in the world?</span>\r\nGartner's research shows that there have recently been marked changes in the market for products that offer load balancing mechanisms. In this segment, user demand shifts from servers implementing a simple load balancing mechanism to devices offering richer functionality.\r\nGartner: “The era of load balancing has long gone, and companies need to focus on products that offer richer application delivery functionality.”\r\nIn Russia, due to the specifics of the internal IT market, application controllers are implemented mainly because of the presence of some specific functionality, and not because of the comprehensive solution for delivering applications in general, which this product offers. The main task for which application delivery controllers are now most often sold is the same load balancing function as before.","iconURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/icon_Application_Delivery_Controller_load_balancer_appliance.png"},{"id":536,"title":"WAN optimization - appliance","alias":"wan-optimization-appliance","description":" WAN optimization appliance is a collection of techniques for increasing data-transfer efficiencies across wide-area networks (WANs). In 2008, the WAN optimization market was estimated to be $1 billion and was to grow to $4.4 billion by 2014 according to Gartner, a technology research firm. In 2015 Gartner estimated the WAN optimization market to be a $1.1 billion market.\r\nThe most common measures of TCP data-transfer efficiencies (i.e., optimization) are throughput, bandwidth requirements, latency, protocol optimization, and congestion, as manifested in dropped packets. In addition, the WAN itself can be classified with regards to the distance between endpoints and the amounts of data transferred. Two common business WAN topologies are Branch to Headquarters and Data Center to Data Center (DC2DC). In general, &quot;Branch&quot; WAN links are closer, use less bandwidth, support more simultaneous connections, support smaller connections and more short-lived connections, and handle a greater variety of protocols. They are used for business applications such as email, content management systems, database application, and Web delivery. In comparison, &quot;DC2DC&quot; WAN links tend to require more bandwidth, are more distant and involve fewer connections, but those connections are bigger (100 Mbit/s to 1 Gbit/s flows) and of longer duration. Traffic on a &quot;DC2DC&quot; WAN may include replication, back up, data migration, virtualization, and other Business Continuity/Disaster Recovery (BC/DR) flow.\r\nWAN optimization has been the subject of extensive academic research almost since the advent of the WAN. In the early 2000s, research in both the private and public sectors turned to improve the end-to-end throughput of TCP, and the target of the first proprietary WAN optimization solutions was the Branch WAN. In recent years, however, the rapid growth of digital data, and the concomitant needs to store and protect it, has presented a need for DC2DC WAN optimization. For example, such optimizations can be performed to increase overall network capacity utilization, meet inter-datacenter transfer deadlines, or minimize average completion times of data transfers. As another example, private inter-datacenter WANs can benefit optimizations for fast and efficient geo-replication of data and content, such as newly computed machine learning models or multimedia content.\r\nComponent techniques of Branch WAN Optimization include deduplication, wide-area file services (WAFS), SMB proxy, HTTPS Proxy, media multicasting, web caching, and bandwidth management. Requirements for DC2DC WAN Optimization also center around deduplication and TCP acceleration, however, these must occur in the context of multi-gigabit data transfer rates. ","materialsDescription":" <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What techniques does WAN optimization have?</span>\r\n<ul><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Deduplication</span> – Eliminates the transfer of redundant data across the WAN by sending references instead of the actual data. By working at the byte level, benefits are achieved across IP applications.</li><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Compression</span> – Relies on data patterns that can be represented more efficiently. Essentially compression techniques similar to ZIP, RAR, ARJ, etc. are applied on-the-fly to data passing through hardware (or virtual machine) based WAN acceleration appliances.</li><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Latency optimization</span> – Can include TCP refinements such as window-size scaling, selective acknowledgments, Layer 3 congestion control algorithms, and even co-location strategies in which the application is placed in near proximity to the endpoint to reduce latency. In some implementations, the local WAN optimizer will answer the requests of the client locally instead of forwarding the request to the remote server in order to leverage write-behind and read-ahead mechanisms to reduce WAN latency.</li><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Caching/proxy</span> – Staging data in local caches; Relies on human behavior, accessing the same data over and over.</li><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Forward error correction</span> – Mitigates packet loss by adding another loss-recovery packet for every “N” packets that are sent, and this would reduce the need for retransmissions in error-prone and congested WAN links.</li><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Protocol spoofing</span> – Bundles multiple requests from chatty applications into one. May also include stream-lining protocols such as CIFS.</li><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Traffic shaping</span> – Controls data flow for specific applications. Giving flexibility to network operators/network admins to decide which applications take precedence over the WAN. A common use case of traffic shaping would be to prevent one protocol or application from hogging or flooding a link over other protocols deemed more important by the business/administrator. Some WAN acceleration devices are able to traffic shape with granularity far beyond traditional network devices. Such as shaping traffic on a per-user AND per application basis simultaneously.</li><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Equalizing</span> – Makes assumptions on what needs immediate priority based on data usage. Usage examples for equalizing may include wide open unregulated Internet connections and clogged VPN tunnels.</li><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Connection limits</span> – Prevents access gridlock in and to denial of service or to peer. Best suited for wide-open Internet access links, can also be used links.</li><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Simple rate limits</span> – Prevents one user from getting more than a fixed amount of data. Best suited as a stop-gap first effort for remediating a congested Internet connection or WAN link.</li></ul>","iconURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/icon_WAN_optimization_appliance.png"},{"id":475,"title":"Network Management - Hardware","alias":"network-management-hardware","description":" Your business is much more than just a machine that dispenses products or services in exchange for money. It’s akin to a living and breathing thing. Just as with the human body, in business, all the parts are interconnected and work together to move things forward.\r\nIf a company’s management is the brain, then its employees are the muscles. Muscles don’t work without the oxygen carried to them by the blood. Blood doesn’t pump through the body without the heart and circulatory system.\r\nData moves through your network like blood through veins, delivering vital information to employees who need it to do their jobs. In a business sense, the digital network is the heart and circulatory system. Without a properly functioning network, the entire business collapses. That’s why keeping networks healthy is vitally important. Just as keeping the heart healthy is critical to living a healthy life, a healthy network is a key to a thriving business. It starts with network management.\r\nNetwork management is hardware with a broad range of functions including activities, methods, procedures and the use of tools to administrate, operate, and reliably maintain computer network systems.\r\nStrictly speaking, network Management does not include terminal equipment (PCs, workstations, printers, etc.). Rather, it concerns the reliability, efficiency and capacity/capabilities of data transfer channels.","materialsDescription":" <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What Is Network Management?</span>\r\nNetwork management refers to the processes, tools, and applications used to administer, operate and maintain network infrastructure. Performance management and fault analysis also fall into the category of network management. To put it simply, network management is the process of keeping your network healthy, which keeps your business healthy.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What Are the Components of Network Management?</span>\r\nThe definition of network management is often broad, as network management involves several different components. Here are some of the terms you’ll often hear when network management or network management software is talked about:\r\n<ul><li>Network administration</li><li>Network maintenance</li><li>Network operation</li><li>Network provisioning</li><li>Network security</li></ul>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Why Is Network Management so Important When It Comes to Network Infrastructure?</span>\r\nThe whole point of network management is to keep the network infrastructure running smoothly and efficiently. Network management helps you:\r\n<ul><li><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Avoid costly network disruptions.</span> Network downtime can be very costly. In fact, industry research shows the cost can be up to $5,600 per minute or more than $300K per hour. Network disruptions take more than just a financial toll. They also have a negative impact on customer relationships. Slow and unresponsive corporate networks make it harder for employees to serve customers. And customers who feel underserved could be quick to leave.</li><li><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Improve IT productivity.</span> By monitoring every aspect of the network, an effective network management system does many jobs at once. This frees up IT staff to focus on other things.</li><li><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Improve network security.</span> With a focus on network management, it’s easy to identify and respond to threats before they propagate and impact end-users. Network management also aims to ensure regulatory and compliance requirements are met.</li><li><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Gain a holistic view of network performance.</span> Network management gives you a complete view of how your network is performing. It enables you to identify issues and fix them quickly.</li></ul>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What Are the Challenges of Maintaining Effective Network Management and Network Infrastructure?</span>\r\nNetwork infrastructures can be complex. Because of that complexity, maintaining effective network management is difficult. Advances in technology and the cloud have increased user expectations for faster network speeds and network availability. On top of that, security threats are becoming ever more advanced, varied and numerous. And if you have a large network, it incorporates several devices, systems, and tools that all need to work together seamlessly. As your network scales and your company grows, new potential points of failure are introduced. Increased costs also come into play.","iconURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/icon_Network_Management_Hardware__1_.png"},{"id":542,"title":"UTM - Unified Threat Management Appliance","alias":"utm-unified-threat-management-appliance","description":"A unified threat management (UTM) system is a type of network hardware appliance that protects businesses from security threats in a simplified way by combining and integrating multiple security services and features.<br />UTM devices are often packaged as network security appliances that can help protect networks against combined security threats, including malware and attacks that simultaneously target separate parts of the network.\r\nWhile UTM systems and next-generation firewalls (NGFWs) are sometimes comparable, UTM devices include added security features that NGFWs don't offer.\r\nUTM systems provide increased protection and visibility, as well as control over network security, which reduces complexity. UTM systems typically do this via inspection methods that address different types of threats.\r\nThese methods include:\r\n<ul><li>Flow-based inspection, also known as stream-based inspection, samples data that enters a UTM device, and then uses pattern matching to determine whether there is malicious content in the data flow.</li><li>Proxy-based inspection acts as a proxy to reconstruct the content entering a UTM device, and then executes a full inspection of the content to search for potential security threats. If the content is clean, the device sends the content to the user. However, if a virus or other security threat is detected, the device removes the questionable content, and then sends the file or webpage to the user.</li></ul>\r\nUTM devices provide a single platform for multiple network security functions and offer the benefit of a single interface for those security functions, as well as a single point of interface to monitor or analyze security logs for those different functions.<br /><br />","materialsDescription":"<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">How do UTM Appliances block a computer virus — or many viruses?</span>\r\nUnified threat management appliances have gained traction in the industry due to the emergence of blended threats, which are combinations of different types of malware and attacks that target separate parts of the network simultaneously. Preventing these types of attacks can be difficult when using separate appliances and vendors for each specific security task, as each aspect has to be managed and updated individually in order to remain current in the face of the latest forms of malware and cybercrime. By creating a single point of defense and providing a single console, UTM solutions make dealing with varied threats much easier.\r\nWhile unified threat management solutions do solve some network security issues, they aren't without some drawbacks, with the biggest one being that the single point of defense that an UTM appliance provides also creates a single point of failure. Because of this, many organizations choose to supplement their UTM device with a second software-based perimeter to stop any malware that got through or around the UTM firewall.\r\nWhat kind of companies use a Unified Threat Management system?\r\nUTM was originally for small to medium office businesses to simplify their security systems. But due to its almost universal applicability, it has since become popular with all sectors and larger enterprises. Developments in the technology have allowed it to scale up, opening UTM up to more types of businesses that are looking for a comprehensive gateway security solution.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What security features does Unified Threat Management have?</span>\r\nAs previously mentioned, most UTM services include a firewall, antivirus and intrusion detection and prevention systems. But they also can include other services that provide additional security.\r\n<ul><li>Data loss prevention software to stop data from exfiltrating the business, which in turn prevents a data leak from occurring.</li><li>Security information and event management software for real-time monitoring of network health, which allows threats and points of weakness to be identified.</li><li>Bandwidth management to regulate and prioritize network traffic, ensuring everything is running smoothly without getting overwhelmed.</li><li>Email filtering to remove spam and dangerous emails before they reach the internal network, lowering the chance of a phishing or similar attack breaching your defenses.</li><li>Web filtering to prevent connections to dangerous or inappropriate sites from a machine on the network. This lowers the chance of infection through malvertising or malicious code on the page. It can also be used to increase productivity within a business, i.e. blocking or restricting social media, gaming sites, etc.</li><li>Application filtering to either a blacklist or whitelist which programs can run, preventing certain applications from communicating in and out of the network, i.e. Facebook messenger.</li></ul>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What are the benefits of Unified Threat Management?</span>\r\n<ul><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Simplifies the network</span></li></ul>\r\nBy consolidating multiple security appliances and services into one, you can easily reduce the amount of time spent on maintaining many separate systems that may have become disorganized. This can also improve the performance of the network as there is less bloat. A smaller system also requires less energy and space to run.\r\n<ul><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Provides greater security and visibility</span></li></ul>\r\nA UTM system can include reporting tools, application filtering and virtual private network (VPN) capabilities, all of which defend your network from more types of threats or improve the existing security. Additionally, monitoring and analysis tools can help locate points of weakness or identify ongoing attacks.\r\n<ul><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Can defend from more sophisticated attacks</span></li></ul>\r\nBecause UTM defends multiple parts of a network it means that an attack targeting multiple points simultaneously can be repelled more easily. With cyber-attacks getting more sophisticated, having defenses that can match them is of greater importance.\r\nHaving several ways of detecting a threat also means a UTM system is more accurate at identifying potential attacks and preventing them from causing damage.<br /><br />","iconURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/icon_UTM_Unified_Threat_Management_Appliance.png"},{"id":544,"title":"DLP - Appliance","alias":"dlp-appliance","description":"DLP (Data Loss Prevention) is a technology for preventing leakage of confidential information from an information system to the outside, as well as technical software and hardware devices for such prevention of leakage. According to most definitions, information leakage is the unauthorized distribution of restricted access data that is not controlled by the owner of this data. This implies that the person who committed the leak has the rights to access information.\r\nThe most effective way to ensure data security on corporate computers today is to use specialized data leakage prevention tools (Data Leak Prevention or DLP). DLP solutions are designed to eliminate the “human factor” and prevent misconduct by preventing (and fixing) data leaks from a computer for as many scripts as possible.\r\nEmail and webmail services, instant messaging services, social networks and forums, cloud file storages, FTP servers - all these benefits of the Internet can at any moment be a channel for leaking corporate information, disclosure of which may be undesirable or even dangerous for business.\r\nYou shouldn’t disregard traditional local channels - data storage devices (flash drives, disks, memory cards), printers and data transfer interfaces and synchronization with smartphones.\r\nAn effective DLP solution should control the widest possible range of network communications channels, local devices, and interfaces. At the same time, the effectiveness of a DLP solution is determined by the flexibility of the settings and the ability to ensure a successful combination of business interests and security.\r\nToday, DLP products are a rapidly growing information security industry, and new products are released very often. Installing a DLP system will allow you to distinguish confidential information from the usual, which in turn will reduce the cost of the entire complex for the protection of information and resources in general. No unimportant moment when choosing a DLP-system is its price, but Data Leak Prevention has a modularity that allows you to protect the channels you need and not pay extra for protecting unnecessary ones.","materialsDescription":"<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What Is Data Loss Prevention (DLP)?</span>\r\nData loss prevention, or DLP, is a set of technologies, products, and techniques that are designed to stop sensitive information from leaving an organization.\r\nData can end up in the wrong hands whether it’s sent through email or instant messaging, website forms, file transfers, or other means. DLP strategies must include solutions that monitor for, detect, and block the unauthorized flow of information.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">How does DLP work?</span>\r\nDLP technologies use rules to look for sensitive information that may be included in electronic communications or to detect abnormal data transfers. The goal is to stop information such as intellectual property, financial data, and employee or customer details from being sent, either accidentally or intentionally, outside the corporate network.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Why do organizations need DLP solutions?</span>\r\nThe proliferation of business communications has given many more people access to corporate data. Some of these users can be negligent or malicious. The result: a multitude of insider threats that can expose confidential data with a single click. Many government and industry regulations have made DLP a requirement.<br /><br />","iconURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/icon_DLP_Appliance.png"},{"id":546,"title":"WAF-web application firewall appliance","alias":"waf-web-application-firewall-appliance","description":"A web application firewall is a special type of application firewall that applies specifically to web applications. It is deployed in front of web applications and analyzes bi-directional web-based (HTTP) traffic - detecting and blocking anything malicious. The OWASP provides a broad technical definition for a WAF as “a security solution on the web application level which - from a technical point of view - does not depend on the application itself.” According to the PCI DSS Information Supplement for requirement 6.6, a WAF is defined as “a security policy enforcement point positioned between a web application and the client endpoint. This functionality can be implemented in hardware, running in an appliance device, or in a typical server running a common operating system. It may be a stand-alone device or integrated into other network components.” In other words, a WAF can be a physical appliance that prevents vulnerabilities in web applications from being exploited by outside threats. These vulnerabilities may be because the application itself is a legacy type or it was insufficiently coded by design. The WAF addresses these code shortcomings by special configurations of rule sets, also known as policies.\r\nPreviously unknown vulnerabilities can be discovered through penetration testing or via a vulnerability scanner. A web application vulnerability scanner, also known as a web application security scanner, is defined in the SAMATE NIST 500-269 as “an automated program that examines web applications for potential security vulnerabilities. In addition to searching for web application-specific vulnerabilities, the tools also look for software coding errors.” Resolving vulnerabilities is commonly referred to as remediation. Corrections to the code can be made in the application but typically a more prompt response is necessary. In these situations, the application of a custom policy for a unique web application vulnerability to provide a temporary but immediate fix (known as a virtual patch) may be necessary.\r\nWAFs are not an ultimate security solution, rather they are meant to be used in conjunction with other network perimeter security solutions such as network firewalls and intrusion prevention systems to provide a holistic defense strategy.\r\nWAFs typically follow a positive security model, a negative security model, or a combination of both as mentioned by the SANS Institute. WAFs use a combination of rule-based logic, parsing, and signatures to detect and prevent attacks such as cross-site scripting and SQL injection. The OWASP produces a list of the top ten web application security flaws. All commercial WAF offerings cover these ten flaws at a minimum. There are non-commercial options as well. As mentioned earlier, the well-known open source WAF engine called ModSecurity is one of these options. A WAF engine alone is insufficient to provide adequate protection, therefore OWASP along with Trustwave's Spiderlabs help organize and maintain a Core-Rule Set via GitHub to use with the ModSecurity WAF engine.","materialsDescription":"A Web Application Firewall or WAF provides security for online services from malicious Internet traffic. WAFs detect and filter out threats such as the OWASP Top 10, which could degrade, compromise or bring down online applications.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What are Web Application Firewalls?</span>\r\nWeb application firewalls assist load balancing by examining HTTP traffic before it reaches the application server. They also protect against web application vulnerability and unauthorized transfer of data from the web server at a time when security breaches are on the rise. According to the Verizon Data Breach Investigations Report, web application attacks were the most prevalent breaches in 2017 and 2018.\r\nThe PCI Security Standards Council defines a web application firewall as “a security policy enforcement point positioned between a web application and the client endpoint. This functionality can be implemented in software or hardware, running in an appliance device, or in a typical server running a common operating system. It may be a stand-alone device or integrated into other network components.”\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">How does a Web Application Firewall wWork?</span>\r\nA web application firewall (WAF) intercepts and inspects all HTTP requests using a security model based on a set of customized policies to weed out bogus traffic. WAFs block bad traffic outright or can challenge a visitor with a CAPTCHA test that humans can pass but a malicious bot or computer program cannot.\r\nWAFs follow rules or policies customized to specific vulnerabilities. As a result, this is how WAFs prevent DDoS attacks. Creating the rules on a traditional WAF can be complex and require expert administration. The Open Web Application Security Project maintains a list of the OWASP top web application security flaws for WAF policies to address.\r\nWAFs come in the form of hardware appliances, server-side software, or filter traffic as-a-service. WAFs can be considered as reverse proxies i.e. the opposite of a proxy server. Proxy servers protect devices from malicious applications, while WAFs protect web applications from malicious endpoints.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What Are Some Web Application Firewall Benefits?</span>\r\nA web application firewall (WAF) prevents attacks that try to take advantage of the vulnerabilities in web-based applications. The vulnerabilities are common in legacy applications or applications with poor coding or designs. WAFs handle the code deficiencies with custom rules or policies.\r\nIntelligent WAFs provide real-time insights into application traffic, performance, security and threat landscape. This visibility gives administrators the flexibility to respond to the most sophisticated attacks on protected applications.\r\nWhen the Open Web Application Security Project identifies the OWASP top vulnerabilities, WAFs allow administrators to create custom security rules to combat the list of potential attack methods. An intelligent WAF analyzes the security rules matching a particular transaction and provides a real-time view as attack patterns evolve. Based on this intelligence, the WAF can reduce false positives.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What Is the Difference Between a Firewall and a Web Application Firewall?</span>\r\nA traditional firewall protects the flow of information between servers while a web application firewall is able to filter traffic for a specific web application. Network firewalls and web application firewalls are complementary and can work together.\r\nTraditional security methods include network firewalls, intrusion detection systems (IDS) and intrusion prevention systems (IPS). They are effective at blocking bad L3-L4 traffic at the perimeter on the lower end (L3-L4) of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model. Traditional firewalls cannot detect attacks in web applications because they do not understand Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) which occurs at layer 7 of the OSI model. They also only allow the port that sends and receives requested web pages from an HTTP server to be open or closed. This is why web application firewalls are effective for preventing attacks like SQL injections, session hijacking and Cross-Site Scripting (XSS).\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">When Should You Use a Web Application Firewall?</span>\r\nAny business that uses a website to generate revenue should use a web application firewall to protect business data and services. Organizations that use online vendors should especially deploy web application firewalls because the security of outside groups cannot be controlled or trusted.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">How Do You Use a Web Application Firewall?</span>\r\nA web application firewall requires correct positioning, configuration, administration and monitoring. Web application firewall installation must include the following four steps: secure, monitor, test and improve. This should be a continuous process to ensure application specific protection.<br />The configuration of the firewall should be determined by the business rules and guardrails by the company’s security policy. This approach will allow the rules and filters in the web application firewall to define themselves.","iconURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/icon_WAF_web_application_firewall_appliance.png"},{"id":550,"title":"Web filtering - Appliance","alias":"web-filtering-appliance","description":" <span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">A web filter appliance</span> is a device that allows the user to filter all online content for censorship purposes, such that any links, downloads, and email containing offensive materials or pornography is outright blocked or removed. Web filtering appliance can also help you prevent malware infection because, more often than not, malware is usually hidden within links that promise porn or controversial content. Moreover, because the number of online hazards is un stopped increasing every day, it's always prudent to get a web filter appliance that can adapt to the changing times and the ever-evolving hazards posed by the Internet.\r\nAt any rate, content filtering appliance has a distinct advantage over their software counterparts in terms of stable restriction features, unrestricted monitoring, no platform-based limitations, easy upgrades and improvements, and so on. That's because the best web filters are fully integrated software and hardware systems that optimize their hybrid attributes when it comes to content filtering by gaining full, unmitigated control over online usage through well-defined policies as mandated by the owner of the network or the IT security administrator.\r\nGetting a web content filtering appliance that has a list of premium-grade and detailed content analysis with predefined categories (which includes keywords for pornography, game downloads, drugs, violence, adult content, offensive content, racist content, controversial content, and the like) is a must for any major network. All of the items you'll ever need to block should be easily selectable with a click of your mouse as well; after all, sophisticated technology aside, a good web filter appliance should also be intuitive and practical to use as well.<br />&nbsp;","materialsDescription":"<h1 class=\"align-center\">How a Web Content Filter Appliance Works</h1>\r\n<p class=\"align-left\">Typically a web content filter appliance protects Internet users and networks by using a combination of blacklists, URIBL and SURBL filters, category filters and keyword filters. Blacklists, URIBL and SURBL filters work together to prevent users visiting websites known to harbor malware, those that have been identified as fake phishing sites, and those who hid their true identity by using the whois privacy feature or a proxy server. Genuine websites have no reason to hide their true identity.</p>\r\n<p class=\"align-left\">In the category filtering process, the content of millions of webpages are analyzed and assigned a category. System administrators can then choose which categories to block access to (i.e. online shopping, alcohol, pornography, gambling, etc.) depending on whether the web content filter appliance is providing a service to a business, a store, a school, a restaurant, or a workplace. Most appliances for filtering web content also offer the facility to create bespoke categories.</p>\r\n<p class=\"align-left\">Keyword filters have multiple uses. They can be used to block access to websites containing specific words (for example the business name of a competitor), specific file extensions (typically those most commonly used for deploying malware and ransomware), and specific web applications; if, for example, a business wanted to allow its marketing department access to Facebook, but not FaceTime. Effectively, the keyword filters fine-tune the category settings, enhance security and increase productivity.</p>\r\n<h1 class=\"align-center\">Are there any home web filter appliance?</h1>\r\nFor children today, the Internet has always existed. To them, it’s second nature to pop online and watch a funny video, find a fact, or chat with a friend. But, of course, the Internet is also filled with a lot of dark corners (It’s a hop, skip, and a click to adult content). Parents, then, are presented with the daunting task of not only monitoring what sites their children visit but also their screen time consumption. There are a number of home content filtering appliance that allow parents to do just this. The best parental control apps and devices, be they hardware or software, not only put parents in command of such things as the content their children can view and the amount of time they can spend online but help restore a parent’s sense of control. With them, parents, from can restrict access to only specific sites and apps, filter dangerous or explicit web-content, manage time, and even track their location.\r\n\r\n","iconURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/icon_Web_filtering_Appliance.png"},{"id":552,"title":"Secure Web Gateway - Appliance","alias":"secure-web-gateway-appliance","description":"Secure web gateways are generally appliance-based security solutions that prevent advanced threats, block unauthorized access to systems or websites, stop malware, and monitor real-time activity across websites accessed by users within the institution.\r\nA secure web gateway is primarily used to monitor and prevent malicious traffic and data from entering, or even leaving, an organization’s network. Typically, it is implemented to secure an organization against threats originating from the Internet, websites and other Web 2.0 products/services. It is generally implemented through a hardware gateway device implemented at the outer boundaries of a network. Some of the features a secure Web gateway provides include URL filtering, application-level control, data leakage prevention, and virus/malware code detection.\r\nA Secure web gateway (SWG) protects users against phishing, malware and other Internet-borne threats. Unlike traditional firewalls, SWGs are focused on layer 7 web traffic inspection, both inbound and outbound. As web security solutions, they apply no protection to WAN traffic, which is left to the corporate next generation firewalls. In recent years, SWGs appeared as a cloud service. The cloud instances enable secure web and cloud access from anywhere – including outside the office by mobile users. The traffic coverage and solution form factor remain the key distinctions between SWGs and next generation firewalls, which often provide a very similar level of security capabilities.\r\nA converged, cloud-based network security solution converges the capabilities of a next generation firewall (WAN and Internet traffic inspection) and the extended coverage for mobile users of SWGs.\r\nA converged approach eliminates the need to maintain policies across multiple point solutions and the appliance life cycle.","materialsDescription":"<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Why is a secure web gateway important?</span>\r\nSecure web gateways have become increasingly common as cybercriminals have grown more sophisticated in embedding threat vectors into seemingly innocuous or professional-looking websites. These counterfeit websites can compromise the enterprise as users access them, unleashing malicious code and unauthorized access in the background without the user's knowledge. These fake, criminal websites can be quite convincing.\r\nSome of these scam websites appear to be so authentic that they can convince users to enter credit card numbers and personal identification information (PII) such as social security numbers. Other sites require only the connection to the user to bypass web browser controls and inject malicious code such as viruses or malware into the user's network. Examples include fake online shopping sites posing as brand-name sellers, sites that appear to be legitimate government agencies and even business-to-business intranets. Secure web gateways can also prevent data from flowing out of an organization, making certain that restricted data is blocked from leaving the organization.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">How does a secure web gateway work?</span>\r\nSecure web gateways are installed as a software component or a hardware device on the edge of the network or at user endpoints. All traffic to and from users to other networks must pass through the gateway that monitors it. The gateway monitors this traffic for malicious code, web application use, and all user/non-user attempted URL connections.\r\nThe gateway checks or filters website URL addresses against stored lists of known and approved websites—all others not on the approved lists can be explicitly blocked. Known malicious sites can be explicitly blocked as well. URL filters that maintain allowed web addresses are maintained in whitelists, while known, off-limits sites that are explicitly blocked are maintained in blacklists. In enterprises, these lists are maintained in the secure gateway's database, which then applies the list filters to all incoming and outgoing traffic.\r\nSimilarly, data flowing out of the network can be checked, disallowing restricted data sources—data on the network or user devices that are prohibited from distribution. Application-level controls can also be restricted to known and approved functions, such as blocking uploads to software-as-a-service (SaaS) applications (such as Office 365 and Salesforce.com). Although some enterprises deploy secure web gateways in hardware appliances that filter all incoming and outgoing traffic, many organizations use cloud-based, SaaS secure web gateways as a more flexible and less costly solution to deploy and maintain. Organizations with existing hardware investments often combine the two, using hardware at their larger physical sites and cloud-based gateways for remote locations and traveling workers.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What are some features of secure web gateways?</span>\r\nBeyond basic URL, web application control and data filtering, secure web gateways should provide additional controls and features that enhance network security.\r\n<ul><li>Encrypted traffic analysis. The gateway should compare all traffic to local and global threat lists and reputation sources first, then also analyze the nature of the traffic itself to determine if any content or code poses a threat to the network. This should include SSL-based encrypted traffic.</li><li>Data Loss Prevention. If, for example, a website accepts uploaded documents or data, the documents should first be scanned for sensitive data before being uploaded.</li><li>Social media protection. All information to and from social media should be scanned and filtered.</li><li>Support for all protocols. HTTP, HTTPS, and FTP internet protocols must be supported. While HTTPS is the industry standard now, many sites still support HTTP and FTP connections.</li><li>Integration with zero-day anti-malware solutions. Threats will be discovered, and integration with anti-malware solutions that can detect zero-day (never seen before) threats deliver the best prevention and remediation.</li><li>Integration with security monitoring. Security administrators should be notified of any web gateway security problems via their monitoring solution of choice, typically a security information and event management (SIEM) solution.</li><li>Choice of location. Choose where your secure web gateway best fits in your network—the edge, at endpoints, or in the cloud.</li></ul>","iconURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/icon_Secure_Web_Gateway_Appliance.png"},{"id":556,"title":"Antispam - Appliance","alias":"antispam-appliance","description":"Anti-spam appliances are software or hardware devices integrated with on-board software that implement spam filtering and/or anti-spam for instant messaging (also called &quot;spim&quot;) and are deployed at the gateway or in front of the mail server. They are normally driven by an operating system optimized for spam filtering. They are generally used in larger networks such as companies and corporations, ISPs, universities, etc.\r\nThe reasons hardware anti-spam appliances might be selected instead of software could include:\r\n<ul><li>The customer prefers to buy hardware rather than software</li><li>Ease of installation</li><li>Operating system requirements</li><li>Independence of existing hardware</li></ul>","materialsDescription":"<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">How does an Antispam Appliance Work?</span>\r\nSince an antispam appliance is hardware, it can be placed at the entry point of the email server to inspect and filter every message that enters the email server. An antispam appliance is capable of evaluating IP addresses that are included in the email messages from the sender. The appliance can also examine the message content and then compare it against the criteria and parameters that have been set for receiving email messages.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Advantages of an Antispam Appliance</span>\r\nAntispam appliances are capable of providing more email security to large networks because it is hardware that is specifically designed to handle email security on larger networks. Also, since an antispam appliance is hardware, it is much easier to install and configure on a network, as opposed to software that may require a specific operating system infrastructure. For example, if the organization is running the Linux operating system, this type of system will not support antispam filtering software.\r\nAnother advantage of using an antispam appliance is its ability to protect a large network from codes that are designed to destroy the individual computers on the network. These are malicious codes that can enter the email server and then transmit to the email client via spam. When the individual computers get infected, it slows the productivity of the organization and interrupts the network processes.\r\nAlthough many large networks deploy a vulnerability assessment program that can protect the network against criminals with malicious intent, sometimes vulnerability assessment is not enough to protect the massive amounts of email that enter an email server on a large network. This is why it is important to deploy an antispam appliance to provide added security for your email server and the email clients on the individual computers that are connected to the network.<br /><br />","iconURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/icon_Antispam_Appliance.png"},{"id":562,"title":"DDoS Protection - Appliance","alias":"ddos-protection-appliance","description":"A denial-of-service attack (DoS attack) is a cyber-attack in which the perpetrator seeks to make a machine or network resource unavailable to its intended users by temporarily or indefinitely disrupting services of a host connected to the Internet. Denial of service is typically accomplished by flooding the targeted machine or resource with superfluous requests in an attempt to overload systems and prevent some or all legitimate requests from being fulfilled.\r\nIn a distributed denial-of-service attack (DDoS attack), the incoming traffic flooding the victim originates from many different sources. This effectively makes it impossible to stop the attack simply by blocking a single source.\r\nA DoS or DDoS attack is analogous to a group of people crowding the entry door of a shop, making it hard for legitimate customers to enter, disrupting trade.\r\nCriminal perpetrators of DoS attacks often target sites or services hosted on high-profile web servers such as banks or credit card payment gateways. Revenge, blackmail and activism can motivate these attacks.\r\nBuying a DDoS mitigation appliance can be highly confusing, especially if you have never done this before. While selecting a DDoS protection solution you must understand the right features and have proper background knowledge. In case of distributed denial of service attacks, the bandwidth or resources of any targeted network is flooded with a large amount of malicious traffic. As a result, the system becomes overloaded and crashes. The legitimate users of the network are denied the service. The mail servers, DNS servers and the servers which host high-profile websites are the main target of DDOS attacks. Customers who use services of any shared network are also affected by these attacks. Therefore, anti-DDOS appliances are now vital.","materialsDescription":"<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">DDoS mitigation solution</span>\r\nThere are two types of DDoS mitigation appliances. These include software and hardware solutions. Identical functions may be claimed by both forms of DDoS protection.\r\n<ul><li>Firewalls are the most common protection appliance, which can deny protocols, IP addresses or ports. However, they are not enough strong to provide protection from the more complicated DDoS attacks.</li><li>Switches are also effective solutions for preventing DDoS attacks. Most of these switches possess rate limiting capability and ACL. Some switches provide packet inspection, traffic shaping, delayed binding and rate limiting. They can detect the fake traffic through balancing and rate filtering.</li><li>Like switches, routers also have rate limiting and ACL capability. Most routers are capable of moving under DoS attacks.</li><li>Intrusion prevention systems are another option for you when it comes to protection from DDoS attacks. This solution can be effective in several cases of DDoS attacks. It can identify DDoS attacks and stop them because they possess the granularity as well as processing power required for identifying the attacks. Then they work in an automated manner to resolve the situation.</li><li>There are also rate-based intrusion prevention mechanisms, which are capable of analyzing traffic granularity. This system can also monitor the pattern of traffic.</li></ul>\r\nYou must check the connectivity while selecting a DDoS mitigation appliance. Capacity is also an important aspect of a DDoS protection solutions. You must figure out the number of ports, IPs, protocols, hosts, URLs and user agents that can be monitored by the appliance. An effective DDoS mitigation solution must also be properly customizable. Your DDoS mitigation appliance should be such that it can be upgraded according to your requirements. These are some important factors that you need to consider while choosing a DDoS mitigation appliance for your system.<br /><br />","iconURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/icon_DDoS_Protection_Appliance.png"},{"id":784,"title":"NGFW - next-generation firewall - Appliance","alias":"ngfw-next-generation-firewall-appliance","description":" A next-generation firewall (NGFW) is a part of the third generation of firewall technology, combining a traditional firewall with other network device filtering functionalities, such as an application firewall using in-line deep packet inspection (DPI), an intrusion prevention system (IPS). Other techniques might also be employed, such as TLS/SSL encrypted traffic inspection, website filtering, QoS/bandwidth management, antivirus inspection and third-party identity management integration (i.e. LDAP, RADIUS, Active Directory).\r\nNGFWs include the typical functions of traditional firewalls such as packet filtering, network- and port-address translation (NAT), stateful inspection, and virtual private network (VPN) support. The goal of next-generation firewalls is to include more layers of the OSI model, improving filtering of network traffic that is dependent on the packet contents.\r\nNGFWs perform deeper inspection compared to stateful inspection performed by the first- and second-generation firewalls. NGFWs use a more thorough inspection style, checking packet payloads and matching signatures for harmful activities such as exploitable attacks and malware.\r\nImproved detection of encrypted applications and intrusion prevention service. Modern threats like web-based malware attacks, targeted attacks, application-layer attacks, and more have had a significantly negative effect on the threat landscape. In fact, more than 80% of all new malware and intrusion attempts are exploiting weaknesses in applications, as opposed to weaknesses in networking components and services.\r\nStateful firewalls with simple packet filtering capabilities were efficient blocking unwanted applications as most applications met the port-protocol expectations. Administrators could promptly prevent an unsafe application from being accessed by users by blocking the associated ports and protocols. But today, blocking a web application like Farmville that uses port 80 by closing the port would also mean complications with the entire HTTP protocol.\r\nProtection based on ports, protocols, IP addresses is no more reliable and viable. This has led to the development of identity-based security approach, which takes organizations a step ahead of conventional security appliances which bind security to IP-addresses.\r\nNGFWs offer administrators a deeper awareness of and control over individual applications, along with deeper inspection capabilities by the firewall. Administrators can create very granular &quot;allow/deny&quot; rules for controlling use of websites and applications in the network. ","materialsDescription":"<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\"> What is a next-generation firewall (NGFW)?</span>\r\nAn NGFW contains all the normal defences that a traditional firewall has as well as a type of intrusion prevention software and application control, alongside other bonus security features. NGFWs are also capable of deep packet inspection which enables more robust filters.\r\nIntrusion prevention software monitors network activity to detect and stop vulnerability exploits from occurring. This is usually done by monitoring for breaches against the network policies in place as a breach is usually indicative of malicious activity.\r\nApplication control software simply sets up a hard filter for programs that are trying to send or receive data over the Internet. This can either be done by blacklist (programs in the filter are blocked) or by whitelist (programs not in the filter are blocked).","iconURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/icon_NGFW.png"}],"characteristics":[],"concurentProducts":[],"jobRoles":[],"organizationalFeatures":[],"complementaryCategories":[],"solutions":[],"materials":[],"useCases":[],"best_practices":[],"values":[],"implementations":[]},{"id":4619,"logoURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/content/WiJungle-U5000X-ROI4CIO_03.jpg","logo":true,"scheme":false,"title":"WiJungle Unified Network Security Gateway (NextGen Firewall/UTM + Web Application Firewall + Hotspot Gateway + Load Balancer Router + VPN Router) With 3 Years License","vendorVerified":0,"rating":"1.00","implementationsCount":0,"suppliersCount":0,"supplierPartnersCount":0,"alias":"wijungle-nextgen-firewallutm-appliance-web-application-firewall-appliance-hotspot-gateway-appliance-load-balancer-router-vpn-router-with-3-years-license","companyTitle":"WiJungle","companyTypes":["supplier","vendor"],"companyId":7007,"companyAlias":"wijungle","description":"<p>WiJungle seamlessly manages the network, internet and security of different business verticals like Enterprises, Education Institutes, Hospitality, Healthcare, Retail, Transport, Smart City, Defence, Events etc.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />The product is available in 30+ different models to serve wide range of concurrent users.<br /><br />It offers features like</p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Access/Interface Management</li>\r\n<li>Network Management</li>\r\n<li>User/Guest Management</li>\r\n<li>BandWidth Management</li>\r\n<li>Quality Of Service</li>\r\n<li>Data Leakage Prevention</li>\r\n<li>Content Filtering</li>\r\n<li>Load Balancing</li>\r\n<li>High Availability</li>\r\n<li>Gateway Anti-Virus</li>\r\n<li>Anti-Spam</li>\r\n<li>Web Server Protection</li>\r\n<li>Sandbox</li>\r\n<li>Advance Threat Protection</li>\r\n<li>Intrusion Prevention System</li>\r\n<li>Virtual Private Network</li>\r\n<li>Vulnerability Assessment</li>\r\n<li>Intuitive &amp; Location Aware Captive Portals</li>\r\n<li>SMS Gateway Integration</li>\r\n<li>Social Media Engagement/Advertisement option</li>\r\n<li>Feedback Management</li>\r\n<li>User Logging</li>\r\n<li>Reporting and Analytics</li>\r\n<li>Prepaid/Postpaid Billing</li>\r\n<li>Voucher Management</li>\r\n<li>PMS/HIS Integration</li>\r\n<li>AP/Device Management</li>\r\n<li>Alert Management</li>\r\n</ul>","shortDescription":"WiJungle is a Unified Network Security Gateway Appliance that combinedly serves as NextGen Firewall/Unified Threat Management, Web Application Firewall, Hotspot Gateway, Vulnerability Assessment etc.","type":null,"isRoiCalculatorAvaliable":false,"isConfiguratorAvaliable":false,"bonus":100,"usingCount":9,"sellingCount":19,"discontinued":0,"rebateForPoc":0,"rebate":0,"seo":{"title":"WiJungle Unified Network Security Gateway (NextGen Firewall/UTM + Web Application Firewall + Hotspot Gateway + Load Balancer Router + VPN Router) With 3 Years License","keywords":"","description":"<p>WiJungle seamlessly manages the network, internet and security of different business verticals like Enterprises, Education Institutes, Hospitality, Healthcare, Retail, Transport, Smart City, Defence, Events etc.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs","og:title":"WiJungle Unified Network Security Gateway (NextGen Firewall/UTM + Web Application Firewall + Hotspot Gateway + Load Balancer Router + VPN Router) With 3 Years License","og:description":"<p>WiJungle seamlessly manages the network, internet and security of different business verticals like Enterprises, Education Institutes, Hospitality, Healthcare, Retail, Transport, Smart City, Defence, Events etc.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs","og:image":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/content/WiJungle-U5000X-ROI4CIO_03.jpg"},"eventUrl":"","translationId":4619,"dealDetails":null,"roi":null,"price":null,"bonusForReference":null,"templateData":[],"testingArea":"","categories":[{"id":471,"title":"Hardware","alias":"hardware","description":" Computer hardware includes the physical, tangible parts or components of a computer, such as the cabinet, central processing unit, monitor, keyboard, computer data storage, graphics card, sound card, speakers and motherboard. By contrast, software is instructions that can be stored and run by hardware. Hardware is so-termed because it is &quot;hard&quot; or rigid with respect to changes or modifications; whereas software is &quot;soft&quot; because it is easy to update or change. Intermediate between software and hardware is &quot;firmware&quot;, which is software that is strongly coupled to the particular hardware of a computer system and thus the most difficult to change but also among the most stable with respect to consistency of interface. The progression from levels of &quot;hardness&quot; to &quot;softness&quot; in computer systems parallels a progression of layers of abstraction in computing.\r\nHardware is typically directed by the software to execute any command or instruction. A combination of hardware and software forms a usable computing system, although other systems exist with only hardware components.\r\nThe template for all modern computers is the Von Neumann architecture, detailed in a 1945 paper by Hungarian mathematician John von Neumann. This describes a design architecture for an electronic digital computer with subdivisions of a processing unit consisting of an arithmetic logic unit and processor registers, a control unit containing an instruction register and program counter, a memory to store both data and instructions, external mass storage, and input and output mechanisms. The meaning of the term has evolved to mean a stored-program computer in which an instruction fetch and a data operation cannot occur at the same time because they share a common bus. This is referred to as the Von Neumann bottleneck and often limits the performance of the system.","materialsDescription":" <span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">What does Hardware (H/W) mean?</span>\r\nHardware (H/W), in the context of technology, refers to the physical elements that make up a computer or electronic system and everything else involved that is physically tangible. This includes the monitor, hard drive, memory and CPU. Hardware works hand-in-hand with firmware and software to make a computer function.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">What are the types of computer systems?</span>\r\n<span style=\"font-style: italic; \"><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Personal computer</span></span>\r\nThe personal computer, also known as the PC, is one of the most common types of computer due to its versatility and relatively low price. Laptops are generally very similar, although they may use lower-power or reduced size components, thus lower performance.\r\n<span style=\"font-style: italic; \"><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Case</span></span>\r\nThe computer case encloses and holds most of the components of the system. It provides mechanical support and protection for internal elements such as the motherboard, disk drives, and power supplies, and controls and directs the flow of cooling air over internal components. The case is also part of the system to control electromagnetic interference radiated by the computer, and protects internal parts from electrostatic discharge. Large tower cases provide extra internal space for multiple disk drives or other peripherals and usually stand on the floor, while desktop cases provide less expansion room. All-in-one style designs include a video display built into the same case. Portable and laptop computers require cases that provide impact protection for the unit. A current development in laptop computers is a detachable keyboard, which allows the system to be configured as a touch-screen tablet. Hobbyists may decorate the cases with colored lights, paint, or other features, in an activity called case modding.\r\n<span style=\"font-style: italic; \"><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Power supply</span></span>\r\nA power supply unit (PSU) converts alternating current (AC) electric power to low-voltage direct current (DC) power for the internal components of the computer. Laptops are capable of running from a built-in battery, normally for a period of hours. The PSU typically uses a switched-mode power supply (SMPS), with power MOSFETs (power metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors) used in the converters and regulator circuits of the SMPS.\r\n<span style=\"font-style: italic; \"><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Motherboard</span></span>\r\nThe motherboard is the main component of a computer. It is a board with integrated circuitry that connects the other parts of the computer including the CPU, the RAM, the disk drives (CD, DVD, hard disk, or any others) as well as any peripherals connected via the ports or the expansion slots. The integrated circuit (IC) chips in a computer typically contain billions of tiny metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs).\r\nComponents directly attached to or to part of the motherboard include:\r\n<ul><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">The CPU (central processing unit)</span>, which performs most of the calculations which enable a computer to function, and is referred to as the brain of the computer which get a hold of program instruction from random-access memory (RAM), interprets and processes it and then send it backs to computer result so that the relevant components can carry out the instructions. The CPU is a microprocessor, which is fabricated on a metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) integrated circuit (IC) chip. It is usually cooled by a heat sink and fan, or water-cooling system. Most newer CPU include an on-die graphics processing unit (GPU). The clock speed of CPU governs how fast it executes instructions, and is measured in GHz; typical values lie between 1 GHz and 5 GHz. Many modern computers have the option to overclock the CPU which enhances performance at the expense of greater thermal output and thus a need for improved cooling.</li><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">The chipset</span>, which includes the north bridge, mediates communication between the CPU and the other components of the system, including main memory; as well as south bridge, which is connected to the north bridge, and supports auxiliary interfaces and buses; and, finally, a Super I/O chip, connected through the south bridge, which supports the slowest and most legacy components like serial ports, hardware monitoring and fan control.</li><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Random-access memory (RAM)</span>, which stores the code and data that are being actively accessed by the CPU. For example, when a web browser is opened on the computer it takes up memory; this is stored in the RAM until the web browser is closed. It is typically a type of dynamic RAM (DRAM), such as synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), where MOS memory chips store data on memory cells consisting of MOSFETs and MOS capacitors. RAM usually comes on dual in-line memory modules (DIMMs) in the sizes of 2GB, 4GB, and 8GB, but can be much larger.</li><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Read-only memory (ROM)</span>, which stores the BIOS that runs when the computer is powered on or otherwise begins execution, a process known as Bootstrapping, or &quot;booting&quot; or &quot;booting up&quot;. The ROM is typically a nonvolatile BIOS memory chip, which stores data on floating-gate MOSFET memory cells.</li><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">The BIOS (Basic Input Output System)</span> includes boot firmware and power management firmware. Newer motherboards use Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI) instead of BIOS.</li><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Buses</span> that connect the CPU to various internal components and to expand cards for graphics and sound.</li><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">The CMOS</span> (complementary MOS) battery, which powers the CMOS memory for date and time in the BIOS chip. This battery is generally a watch battery.</li><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">The video card</span> (also known as the graphics card), which processes computer graphics. More powerful graphics cards are better suited to handle strenuous tasks, such as playing intensive video games or running computer graphics software. A video card contains a graphics processing unit (GPU) and video memory (typically a type of SDRAM), both fabricated on MOS integrated circuit (MOS IC) chips.</li><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Power MOSFETs</span> make up the voltage regulator module (VRM), which controls how much voltage other hardware components receive.</li></ul>\r\n<span style=\"font-style: italic; \"><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Expansion cards</span></span>\r\nAn expansion card in computing is a printed circuit board that can be inserted into an expansion slot of a computer motherboard or backplane to add functionality to a computer system via the expansion bus. Expansion cards can be used to obtain or expand on features not offered by the motherboard.\r\n<span style=\"font-style: italic; \"><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Storage devices</span></span>\r\nA storage device is any computing hardware and digital media that is used for storing, porting and extracting data files and objects. It can hold and store information both temporarily and permanently, and can be internal or external to a computer, server or any similar computing device. Data storage is a core function and fundamental component of computers.\r\n<span style=\"font-style: italic; \"><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Fixed media</span></span>\r\nData is stored by a computer using a variety of media. Hard disk drives (HDDs) are found in virtually all older computers, due to their high capacity and low cost, but solid-state drives (SSDs) are faster and more power efficient, although currently more expensive than hard drives in terms of dollar per gigabyte, so are often found in personal computers built post-2007. SSDs use flash memory, which stores data on MOS memory chips consisting of floating-gate MOSFET memory cells. Some systems may use a disk array controller for greater performance or reliability.\r\n<span style=\"font-style: italic; \"><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Removable media</span></span>\r\nTo transfer data between computers, an external flash memory device (such as a memory card or USB flash drive) or optical disc (such as a CD-ROM, DVD-ROM or BD-ROM) may be used. Their usefulness depends on being readable by other systems; the majority of machines have an optical disk drive (ODD), and virtually all have at least one Universal Serial Bus (USB) port.\r\n<span style=\"font-style: italic; \"><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Input and output peripherals</span></span>\r\nInput and output devices are typically housed externally to the main computer chassis. The following are either standard or very common to many computer systems.\r\n<span style=\"font-style: italic; \"><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Input</span></span>\r\nInput devices allow the user to enter information into the system, or control its operation. Most personal computers have a mouse and keyboard, but laptop systems typically use a touchpad instead of a mouse. Other input devices include webcams, microphones, joysticks, and image scanners.\r\n<span style=\"font-style: italic; \"><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Output device</span></span>\r\nOutput devices display information in a human readable form. Such devices could include printers, speakers, monitors or a Braille embosser.\r\n<span style=\"font-style: italic; \"><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Mainframe computer</span></span>\r\nA mainframe computer is a much larger computer that typically fills a room and may cost many hundreds or thousands of times as much as a personal computer. They are designed to perform large numbers of calculations for governments and large enterprises.\r\n<span style=\"font-style: italic; \"><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Departmental computing</span></span>\r\nIn the 1960s and 1970s, more and more departments started to use cheaper and dedicated systems for specific purposes like process control and laboratory automation.\r\n<span style=\"font-style: italic;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Supercomputer</span></span>\r\nA supercomputer is superficially similar to a mainframe, but is instead intended for extremely demanding computational tasks. As of June 2018, the fastest supercomputer on the TOP500supercomputer list is the Summit, in the United States, with a LINPACK benchmarkscore of 122.3 PFLOPS Light, by around 29 PFLOPS.\r\nThe term supercomputer does not refer to a specific technology. Rather it indicates the fastest computations available at any given time. In mid 2011, the fastest supercomputers boasted speeds exceeding one petaflop, or 1 quadrillion (10^15 or 1,000 trillion) floating point operations per second. Supercomputers are fast but extremely costly, so they are generally used by large organizations to execute computationally demanding tasks involving large data sets. Supercomputers typically run military and scientific applications. Although costly, they are also being used for commercial applications where huge amounts of data must be analyzed. For example, large banks employ supercomputers to calculate the risks and returns of various investment strategies, and healthcare organizations use them to analyze giant databases of patient data to determine optimal treatments for various diseases and problems incurring to the country. ","iconURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/icon_Hardware.jpg"},{"id":443,"title":"Application Delivery Controller (load balancer) - appliance","alias":"application-delivery-controller-load-balancer-appliance","description":" Application Delivery Controllers are the next generation of load balancers, and are typically located between the firewall/router and the web server farm. An application delivery controller is a network device that helps sites direct user traffic to remove excess load from two or more servers. In addition to providing Layer 4 load balancing, ADCs can manage Layer 7 for content switching, and also provide SSL offload and acceleration. They tend to offer more advanced features such as content redirection as well as server health monitoring. An Application delivery controller may also be known as a Web switch, URL switch, Web content switch, content switch and Layer 7 switch.\r\nToday, advanced application delivery controllers and intelligent load balancers are not only affordable, but the consolidation of Layer 4-7 load balancing and content switching, and server offload capabilities such as SSL, data caching and compression provides companies with cost-effective out-of-the-box infrastructure.\r\nFor enterprise organizations (companies with 1,000 or more employees), integrating best-of-breed network infrastructure is commonplace. However best-of-breed does not equate with deploying networks with enterprise-specific features and expensive products, but rather, deploying products that are purpose-built, with the explicit features, performance, reliability and scalability created specifically for the companies of all sizes.\r\nIn general, businesses of all sizes are inclined to purchase “big brand” products. However, smaller vendors that offer products within the same category can provide the optimal performance, features and reliability required, with the same benefits - at a lower cost.\r\nFor the enterprise market, best-of-breed comes with a high Total Cost of Ownership (TCO), since deploying products from various manufacturers requires additional training, maintenance and support. Kemp can help SMBs lower their TCO, and help them build reliable, high performance and scalable web and application infrastructure. Kemp products have a high price/performance value for SMBs. Our products are purpose-built for SMB businesses for dramatically less than the price of “big name” ADC and SLB vendors who are developing features that enterprise customers might use.","materialsDescription":" <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What are application delivery controllers?</span>\r\nApplication Delivery Controllers (ADCs) are the next stage in the development of server load balancing solutions. ADCs allow you to perform not only the tasks of balancing user requests between servers, but also incorporate mechanisms that increase the performance, security and resiliency of applications, as well as ensure their scalability.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">And what other possibilities do application controllers have?</span>\r\nIn addition to the function of uniform distribution of user requests, application delivery controllers have many other interesting features. They can provide around-the-clock availability of services, improve web application performance up to five times, reduce risks when launching new services, protect confidential data, and publish internal applications to the outside with secure external access (a potential replacement for outgoing Microsoft TMG).\r\nOne of the most important functions of application delivery controllers, which distinguish them from simple load balancers, is the presence of a functional capable of processing information issued to the user based on certain rules.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What are the prerequisites for implementing application delivery controllers in a particular organization?</span>\r\nA number of factors can determine the criteria for deciding whether to implement application controllers in your organization. First, this is the poor performance of web services, which is a long download of content, frequent hangs and crashes. Secondly, such a prerequisite can be interruptions in the work of services and communication channels, expressed in failures in the transmitting and receiving equipment that ensures the operation of the data transmission network, as well as failures in the operation of servers.\r\nIn addition, it is worth thinking about implementing application delivery controllers if you use Microsoft TMG or Cisco ACE products, since they are no longer supported by the manufacturer. A prerequisite for the implementation of ADC may be the launch of new large web projects, since this process will inevitably entail the need to ensure the operability of this web project with the maintenance of high fault tolerance and performance.\r\nAlso, controllers are needed when you need to provide fault tolerance, continuous availability and high speed of applications that are consolidated in the data center. A similar situation arises when it is necessary to build a backup data center: here you also need to ensure fault tolerance between several data centers located in different cities.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What are the prospects for the introduction of application controllers in Russia and in the world?</span>\r\nGartner's research shows that there have recently been marked changes in the market for products that offer load balancing mechanisms. In this segment, user demand shifts from servers implementing a simple load balancing mechanism to devices offering richer functionality.\r\nGartner: “The era of load balancing has long gone, and companies need to focus on products that offer richer application delivery functionality.”\r\nIn Russia, due to the specifics of the internal IT market, application controllers are implemented mainly because of the presence of some specific functionality, and not because of the comprehensive solution for delivering applications in general, which this product offers. The main task for which application delivery controllers are now most often sold is the same load balancing function as before.","iconURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/icon_Application_Delivery_Controller_load_balancer_appliance.png"},{"id":536,"title":"WAN optimization - appliance","alias":"wan-optimization-appliance","description":" WAN optimization appliance is a collection of techniques for increasing data-transfer efficiencies across wide-area networks (WANs). In 2008, the WAN optimization market was estimated to be $1 billion and was to grow to $4.4 billion by 2014 according to Gartner, a technology research firm. In 2015 Gartner estimated the WAN optimization market to be a $1.1 billion market.\r\nThe most common measures of TCP data-transfer efficiencies (i.e., optimization) are throughput, bandwidth requirements, latency, protocol optimization, and congestion, as manifested in dropped packets. In addition, the WAN itself can be classified with regards to the distance between endpoints and the amounts of data transferred. Two common business WAN topologies are Branch to Headquarters and Data Center to Data Center (DC2DC). In general, &quot;Branch&quot; WAN links are closer, use less bandwidth, support more simultaneous connections, support smaller connections and more short-lived connections, and handle a greater variety of protocols. They are used for business applications such as email, content management systems, database application, and Web delivery. In comparison, &quot;DC2DC&quot; WAN links tend to require more bandwidth, are more distant and involve fewer connections, but those connections are bigger (100 Mbit/s to 1 Gbit/s flows) and of longer duration. Traffic on a &quot;DC2DC&quot; WAN may include replication, back up, data migration, virtualization, and other Business Continuity/Disaster Recovery (BC/DR) flow.\r\nWAN optimization has been the subject of extensive academic research almost since the advent of the WAN. In the early 2000s, research in both the private and public sectors turned to improve the end-to-end throughput of TCP, and the target of the first proprietary WAN optimization solutions was the Branch WAN. In recent years, however, the rapid growth of digital data, and the concomitant needs to store and protect it, has presented a need for DC2DC WAN optimization. For example, such optimizations can be performed to increase overall network capacity utilization, meet inter-datacenter transfer deadlines, or minimize average completion times of data transfers. As another example, private inter-datacenter WANs can benefit optimizations for fast and efficient geo-replication of data and content, such as newly computed machine learning models or multimedia content.\r\nComponent techniques of Branch WAN Optimization include deduplication, wide-area file services (WAFS), SMB proxy, HTTPS Proxy, media multicasting, web caching, and bandwidth management. Requirements for DC2DC WAN Optimization also center around deduplication and TCP acceleration, however, these must occur in the context of multi-gigabit data transfer rates. ","materialsDescription":" <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What techniques does WAN optimization have?</span>\r\n<ul><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Deduplication</span> – Eliminates the transfer of redundant data across the WAN by sending references instead of the actual data. By working at the byte level, benefits are achieved across IP applications.</li><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Compression</span> – Relies on data patterns that can be represented more efficiently. Essentially compression techniques similar to ZIP, RAR, ARJ, etc. are applied on-the-fly to data passing through hardware (or virtual machine) based WAN acceleration appliances.</li><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Latency optimization</span> – Can include TCP refinements such as window-size scaling, selective acknowledgments, Layer 3 congestion control algorithms, and even co-location strategies in which the application is placed in near proximity to the endpoint to reduce latency. In some implementations, the local WAN optimizer will answer the requests of the client locally instead of forwarding the request to the remote server in order to leverage write-behind and read-ahead mechanisms to reduce WAN latency.</li><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Caching/proxy</span> – Staging data in local caches; Relies on human behavior, accessing the same data over and over.</li><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Forward error correction</span> – Mitigates packet loss by adding another loss-recovery packet for every “N” packets that are sent, and this would reduce the need for retransmissions in error-prone and congested WAN links.</li><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Protocol spoofing</span> – Bundles multiple requests from chatty applications into one. May also include stream-lining protocols such as CIFS.</li><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Traffic shaping</span> – Controls data flow for specific applications. Giving flexibility to network operators/network admins to decide which applications take precedence over the WAN. A common use case of traffic shaping would be to prevent one protocol or application from hogging or flooding a link over other protocols deemed more important by the business/administrator. Some WAN acceleration devices are able to traffic shape with granularity far beyond traditional network devices. Such as shaping traffic on a per-user AND per application basis simultaneously.</li><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Equalizing</span> – Makes assumptions on what needs immediate priority based on data usage. Usage examples for equalizing may include wide open unregulated Internet connections and clogged VPN tunnels.</li><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Connection limits</span> – Prevents access gridlock in and to denial of service or to peer. Best suited for wide-open Internet access links, can also be used links.</li><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Simple rate limits</span> – Prevents one user from getting more than a fixed amount of data. Best suited as a stop-gap first effort for remediating a congested Internet connection or WAN link.</li></ul>","iconURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/icon_WAN_optimization_appliance.png"},{"id":475,"title":"Network Management - Hardware","alias":"network-management-hardware","description":" Your business is much more than just a machine that dispenses products or services in exchange for money. It’s akin to a living and breathing thing. Just as with the human body, in business, all the parts are interconnected and work together to move things forward.\r\nIf a company’s management is the brain, then its employees are the muscles. Muscles don’t work without the oxygen carried to them by the blood. Blood doesn’t pump through the body without the heart and circulatory system.\r\nData moves through your network like blood through veins, delivering vital information to employees who need it to do their jobs. In a business sense, the digital network is the heart and circulatory system. Without a properly functioning network, the entire business collapses. That’s why keeping networks healthy is vitally important. Just as keeping the heart healthy is critical to living a healthy life, a healthy network is a key to a thriving business. It starts with network management.\r\nNetwork management is hardware with a broad range of functions including activities, methods, procedures and the use of tools to administrate, operate, and reliably maintain computer network systems.\r\nStrictly speaking, network Management does not include terminal equipment (PCs, workstations, printers, etc.). Rather, it concerns the reliability, efficiency and capacity/capabilities of data transfer channels.","materialsDescription":" <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What Is Network Management?</span>\r\nNetwork management refers to the processes, tools, and applications used to administer, operate and maintain network infrastructure. Performance management and fault analysis also fall into the category of network management. To put it simply, network management is the process of keeping your network healthy, which keeps your business healthy.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What Are the Components of Network Management?</span>\r\nThe definition of network management is often broad, as network management involves several different components. Here are some of the terms you’ll often hear when network management or network management software is talked about:\r\n<ul><li>Network administration</li><li>Network maintenance</li><li>Network operation</li><li>Network provisioning</li><li>Network security</li></ul>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Why Is Network Management so Important When It Comes to Network Infrastructure?</span>\r\nThe whole point of network management is to keep the network infrastructure running smoothly and efficiently. Network management helps you:\r\n<ul><li><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Avoid costly network disruptions.</span> Network downtime can be very costly. In fact, industry research shows the cost can be up to $5,600 per minute or more than $300K per hour. Network disruptions take more than just a financial toll. They also have a negative impact on customer relationships. Slow and unresponsive corporate networks make it harder for employees to serve customers. And customers who feel underserved could be quick to leave.</li><li><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Improve IT productivity.</span> By monitoring every aspect of the network, an effective network management system does many jobs at once. This frees up IT staff to focus on other things.</li><li><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Improve network security.</span> With a focus on network management, it’s easy to identify and respond to threats before they propagate and impact end-users. Network management also aims to ensure regulatory and compliance requirements are met.</li><li><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Gain a holistic view of network performance.</span> Network management gives you a complete view of how your network is performing. It enables you to identify issues and fix them quickly.</li></ul>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What Are the Challenges of Maintaining Effective Network Management and Network Infrastructure?</span>\r\nNetwork infrastructures can be complex. Because of that complexity, maintaining effective network management is difficult. Advances in technology and the cloud have increased user expectations for faster network speeds and network availability. On top of that, security threats are becoming ever more advanced, varied and numerous. And if you have a large network, it incorporates several devices, systems, and tools that all need to work together seamlessly. As your network scales and your company grows, new potential points of failure are introduced. Increased costs also come into play.","iconURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/icon_Network_Management_Hardware__1_.png"},{"id":542,"title":"UTM - Unified Threat Management Appliance","alias":"utm-unified-threat-management-appliance","description":"A unified threat management (UTM) system is a type of network hardware appliance that protects businesses from security threats in a simplified way by combining and integrating multiple security services and features.<br />UTM devices are often packaged as network security appliances that can help protect networks against combined security threats, including malware and attacks that simultaneously target separate parts of the network.\r\nWhile UTM systems and next-generation firewalls (NGFWs) are sometimes comparable, UTM devices include added security features that NGFWs don't offer.\r\nUTM systems provide increased protection and visibility, as well as control over network security, which reduces complexity. UTM systems typically do this via inspection methods that address different types of threats.\r\nThese methods include:\r\n<ul><li>Flow-based inspection, also known as stream-based inspection, samples data that enters a UTM device, and then uses pattern matching to determine whether there is malicious content in the data flow.</li><li>Proxy-based inspection acts as a proxy to reconstruct the content entering a UTM device, and then executes a full inspection of the content to search for potential security threats. If the content is clean, the device sends the content to the user. However, if a virus or other security threat is detected, the device removes the questionable content, and then sends the file or webpage to the user.</li></ul>\r\nUTM devices provide a single platform for multiple network security functions and offer the benefit of a single interface for those security functions, as well as a single point of interface to monitor or analyze security logs for those different functions.<br /><br />","materialsDescription":"<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">How do UTM Appliances block a computer virus — or many viruses?</span>\r\nUnified threat management appliances have gained traction in the industry due to the emergence of blended threats, which are combinations of different types of malware and attacks that target separate parts of the network simultaneously. Preventing these types of attacks can be difficult when using separate appliances and vendors for each specific security task, as each aspect has to be managed and updated individually in order to remain current in the face of the latest forms of malware and cybercrime. By creating a single point of defense and providing a single console, UTM solutions make dealing with varied threats much easier.\r\nWhile unified threat management solutions do solve some network security issues, they aren't without some drawbacks, with the biggest one being that the single point of defense that an UTM appliance provides also creates a single point of failure. Because of this, many organizations choose to supplement their UTM device with a second software-based perimeter to stop any malware that got through or around the UTM firewall.\r\nWhat kind of companies use a Unified Threat Management system?\r\nUTM was originally for small to medium office businesses to simplify their security systems. But due to its almost universal applicability, it has since become popular with all sectors and larger enterprises. Developments in the technology have allowed it to scale up, opening UTM up to more types of businesses that are looking for a comprehensive gateway security solution.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What security features does Unified Threat Management have?</span>\r\nAs previously mentioned, most UTM services include a firewall, antivirus and intrusion detection and prevention systems. But they also can include other services that provide additional security.\r\n<ul><li>Data loss prevention software to stop data from exfiltrating the business, which in turn prevents a data leak from occurring.</li><li>Security information and event management software for real-time monitoring of network health, which allows threats and points of weakness to be identified.</li><li>Bandwidth management to regulate and prioritize network traffic, ensuring everything is running smoothly without getting overwhelmed.</li><li>Email filtering to remove spam and dangerous emails before they reach the internal network, lowering the chance of a phishing or similar attack breaching your defenses.</li><li>Web filtering to prevent connections to dangerous or inappropriate sites from a machine on the network. This lowers the chance of infection through malvertising or malicious code on the page. It can also be used to increase productivity within a business, i.e. blocking or restricting social media, gaming sites, etc.</li><li>Application filtering to either a blacklist or whitelist which programs can run, preventing certain applications from communicating in and out of the network, i.e. Facebook messenger.</li></ul>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What are the benefits of Unified Threat Management?</span>\r\n<ul><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Simplifies the network</span></li></ul>\r\nBy consolidating multiple security appliances and services into one, you can easily reduce the amount of time spent on maintaining many separate systems that may have become disorganized. This can also improve the performance of the network as there is less bloat. A smaller system also requires less energy and space to run.\r\n<ul><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Provides greater security and visibility</span></li></ul>\r\nA UTM system can include reporting tools, application filtering and virtual private network (VPN) capabilities, all of which defend your network from more types of threats or improve the existing security. Additionally, monitoring and analysis tools can help locate points of weakness or identify ongoing attacks.\r\n<ul><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Can defend from more sophisticated attacks</span></li></ul>\r\nBecause UTM defends multiple parts of a network it means that an attack targeting multiple points simultaneously can be repelled more easily. With cyber-attacks getting more sophisticated, having defenses that can match them is of greater importance.\r\nHaving several ways of detecting a threat also means a UTM system is more accurate at identifying potential attacks and preventing them from causing damage.<br /><br />","iconURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/icon_UTM_Unified_Threat_Management_Appliance.png"},{"id":544,"title":"DLP - Appliance","alias":"dlp-appliance","description":"DLP (Data Loss Prevention) is a technology for preventing leakage of confidential information from an information system to the outside, as well as technical software and hardware devices for such prevention of leakage. According to most definitions, information leakage is the unauthorized distribution of restricted access data that is not controlled by the owner of this data. This implies that the person who committed the leak has the rights to access information.\r\nThe most effective way to ensure data security on corporate computers today is to use specialized data leakage prevention tools (Data Leak Prevention or DLP). DLP solutions are designed to eliminate the “human factor” and prevent misconduct by preventing (and fixing) data leaks from a computer for as many scripts as possible.\r\nEmail and webmail services, instant messaging services, social networks and forums, cloud file storages, FTP servers - all these benefits of the Internet can at any moment be a channel for leaking corporate information, disclosure of which may be undesirable or even dangerous for business.\r\nYou shouldn’t disregard traditional local channels - data storage devices (flash drives, disks, memory cards), printers and data transfer interfaces and synchronization with smartphones.\r\nAn effective DLP solution should control the widest possible range of network communications channels, local devices, and interfaces. At the same time, the effectiveness of a DLP solution is determined by the flexibility of the settings and the ability to ensure a successful combination of business interests and security.\r\nToday, DLP products are a rapidly growing information security industry, and new products are released very often. Installing a DLP system will allow you to distinguish confidential information from the usual, which in turn will reduce the cost of the entire complex for the protection of information and resources in general. No unimportant moment when choosing a DLP-system is its price, but Data Leak Prevention has a modularity that allows you to protect the channels you need and not pay extra for protecting unnecessary ones.","materialsDescription":"<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What Is Data Loss Prevention (DLP)?</span>\r\nData loss prevention, or DLP, is a set of technologies, products, and techniques that are designed to stop sensitive information from leaving an organization.\r\nData can end up in the wrong hands whether it’s sent through email or instant messaging, website forms, file transfers, or other means. DLP strategies must include solutions that monitor for, detect, and block the unauthorized flow of information.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">How does DLP work?</span>\r\nDLP technologies use rules to look for sensitive information that may be included in electronic communications or to detect abnormal data transfers. The goal is to stop information such as intellectual property, financial data, and employee or customer details from being sent, either accidentally or intentionally, outside the corporate network.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Why do organizations need DLP solutions?</span>\r\nThe proliferation of business communications has given many more people access to corporate data. Some of these users can be negligent or malicious. The result: a multitude of insider threats that can expose confidential data with a single click. Many government and industry regulations have made DLP a requirement.<br /><br />","iconURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/icon_DLP_Appliance.png"},{"id":546,"title":"WAF-web application firewall appliance","alias":"waf-web-application-firewall-appliance","description":"A web application firewall is a special type of application firewall that applies specifically to web applications. It is deployed in front of web applications and analyzes bi-directional web-based (HTTP) traffic - detecting and blocking anything malicious. The OWASP provides a broad technical definition for a WAF as “a security solution on the web application level which - from a technical point of view - does not depend on the application itself.” According to the PCI DSS Information Supplement for requirement 6.6, a WAF is defined as “a security policy enforcement point positioned between a web application and the client endpoint. This functionality can be implemented in hardware, running in an appliance device, or in a typical server running a common operating system. It may be a stand-alone device or integrated into other network components.” In other words, a WAF can be a physical appliance that prevents vulnerabilities in web applications from being exploited by outside threats. These vulnerabilities may be because the application itself is a legacy type or it was insufficiently coded by design. The WAF addresses these code shortcomings by special configurations of rule sets, also known as policies.\r\nPreviously unknown vulnerabilities can be discovered through penetration testing or via a vulnerability scanner. A web application vulnerability scanner, also known as a web application security scanner, is defined in the SAMATE NIST 500-269 as “an automated program that examines web applications for potential security vulnerabilities. In addition to searching for web application-specific vulnerabilities, the tools also look for software coding errors.” Resolving vulnerabilities is commonly referred to as remediation. Corrections to the code can be made in the application but typically a more prompt response is necessary. In these situations, the application of a custom policy for a unique web application vulnerability to provide a temporary but immediate fix (known as a virtual patch) may be necessary.\r\nWAFs are not an ultimate security solution, rather they are meant to be used in conjunction with other network perimeter security solutions such as network firewalls and intrusion prevention systems to provide a holistic defense strategy.\r\nWAFs typically follow a positive security model, a negative security model, or a combination of both as mentioned by the SANS Institute. WAFs use a combination of rule-based logic, parsing, and signatures to detect and prevent attacks such as cross-site scripting and SQL injection. The OWASP produces a list of the top ten web application security flaws. All commercial WAF offerings cover these ten flaws at a minimum. There are non-commercial options as well. As mentioned earlier, the well-known open source WAF engine called ModSecurity is one of these options. A WAF engine alone is insufficient to provide adequate protection, therefore OWASP along with Trustwave's Spiderlabs help organize and maintain a Core-Rule Set via GitHub to use with the ModSecurity WAF engine.","materialsDescription":"A Web Application Firewall or WAF provides security for online services from malicious Internet traffic. WAFs detect and filter out threats such as the OWASP Top 10, which could degrade, compromise or bring down online applications.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What are Web Application Firewalls?</span>\r\nWeb application firewalls assist load balancing by examining HTTP traffic before it reaches the application server. They also protect against web application vulnerability and unauthorized transfer of data from the web server at a time when security breaches are on the rise. According to the Verizon Data Breach Investigations Report, web application attacks were the most prevalent breaches in 2017 and 2018.\r\nThe PCI Security Standards Council defines a web application firewall as “a security policy enforcement point positioned between a web application and the client endpoint. This functionality can be implemented in software or hardware, running in an appliance device, or in a typical server running a common operating system. It may be a stand-alone device or integrated into other network components.”\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">How does a Web Application Firewall wWork?</span>\r\nA web application firewall (WAF) intercepts and inspects all HTTP requests using a security model based on a set of customized policies to weed out bogus traffic. WAFs block bad traffic outright or can challenge a visitor with a CAPTCHA test that humans can pass but a malicious bot or computer program cannot.\r\nWAFs follow rules or policies customized to specific vulnerabilities. As a result, this is how WAFs prevent DDoS attacks. Creating the rules on a traditional WAF can be complex and require expert administration. The Open Web Application Security Project maintains a list of the OWASP top web application security flaws for WAF policies to address.\r\nWAFs come in the form of hardware appliances, server-side software, or filter traffic as-a-service. WAFs can be considered as reverse proxies i.e. the opposite of a proxy server. Proxy servers protect devices from malicious applications, while WAFs protect web applications from malicious endpoints.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What Are Some Web Application Firewall Benefits?</span>\r\nA web application firewall (WAF) prevents attacks that try to take advantage of the vulnerabilities in web-based applications. The vulnerabilities are common in legacy applications or applications with poor coding or designs. WAFs handle the code deficiencies with custom rules or policies.\r\nIntelligent WAFs provide real-time insights into application traffic, performance, security and threat landscape. This visibility gives administrators the flexibility to respond to the most sophisticated attacks on protected applications.\r\nWhen the Open Web Application Security Project identifies the OWASP top vulnerabilities, WAFs allow administrators to create custom security rules to combat the list of potential attack methods. An intelligent WAF analyzes the security rules matching a particular transaction and provides a real-time view as attack patterns evolve. Based on this intelligence, the WAF can reduce false positives.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What Is the Difference Between a Firewall and a Web Application Firewall?</span>\r\nA traditional firewall protects the flow of information between servers while a web application firewall is able to filter traffic for a specific web application. Network firewalls and web application firewalls are complementary and can work together.\r\nTraditional security methods include network firewalls, intrusion detection systems (IDS) and intrusion prevention systems (IPS). They are effective at blocking bad L3-L4 traffic at the perimeter on the lower end (L3-L4) of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model. Traditional firewalls cannot detect attacks in web applications because they do not understand Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) which occurs at layer 7 of the OSI model. They also only allow the port that sends and receives requested web pages from an HTTP server to be open or closed. This is why web application firewalls are effective for preventing attacks like SQL injections, session hijacking and Cross-Site Scripting (XSS).\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">When Should You Use a Web Application Firewall?</span>\r\nAny business that uses a website to generate revenue should use a web application firewall to protect business data and services. Organizations that use online vendors should especially deploy web application firewalls because the security of outside groups cannot be controlled or trusted.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">How Do You Use a Web Application Firewall?</span>\r\nA web application firewall requires correct positioning, configuration, administration and monitoring. Web application firewall installation must include the following four steps: secure, monitor, test and improve. This should be a continuous process to ensure application specific protection.<br />The configuration of the firewall should be determined by the business rules and guardrails by the company’s security policy. This approach will allow the rules and filters in the web application firewall to define themselves.","iconURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/icon_WAF_web_application_firewall_appliance.png"},{"id":550,"title":"Web filtering - Appliance","alias":"web-filtering-appliance","description":" <span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">A web filter appliance</span> is a device that allows the user to filter all online content for censorship purposes, such that any links, downloads, and email containing offensive materials or pornography is outright blocked or removed. Web filtering appliance can also help you prevent malware infection because, more often than not, malware is usually hidden within links that promise porn or controversial content. Moreover, because the number of online hazards is un stopped increasing every day, it's always prudent to get a web filter appliance that can adapt to the changing times and the ever-evolving hazards posed by the Internet.\r\nAt any rate, content filtering appliance has a distinct advantage over their software counterparts in terms of stable restriction features, unrestricted monitoring, no platform-based limitations, easy upgrades and improvements, and so on. That's because the best web filters are fully integrated software and hardware systems that optimize their hybrid attributes when it comes to content filtering by gaining full, unmitigated control over online usage through well-defined policies as mandated by the owner of the network or the IT security administrator.\r\nGetting a web content filtering appliance that has a list of premium-grade and detailed content analysis with predefined categories (which includes keywords for pornography, game downloads, drugs, violence, adult content, offensive content, racist content, controversial content, and the like) is a must for any major network. All of the items you'll ever need to block should be easily selectable with a click of your mouse as well; after all, sophisticated technology aside, a good web filter appliance should also be intuitive and practical to use as well.<br />&nbsp;","materialsDescription":"<h1 class=\"align-center\">How a Web Content Filter Appliance Works</h1>\r\n<p class=\"align-left\">Typically a web content filter appliance protects Internet users and networks by using a combination of blacklists, URIBL and SURBL filters, category filters and keyword filters. Blacklists, URIBL and SURBL filters work together to prevent users visiting websites known to harbor malware, those that have been identified as fake phishing sites, and those who hid their true identity by using the whois privacy feature or a proxy server. Genuine websites have no reason to hide their true identity.</p>\r\n<p class=\"align-left\">In the category filtering process, the content of millions of webpages are analyzed and assigned a category. System administrators can then choose which categories to block access to (i.e. online shopping, alcohol, pornography, gambling, etc.) depending on whether the web content filter appliance is providing a service to a business, a store, a school, a restaurant, or a workplace. Most appliances for filtering web content also offer the facility to create bespoke categories.</p>\r\n<p class=\"align-left\">Keyword filters have multiple uses. They can be used to block access to websites containing specific words (for example the business name of a competitor), specific file extensions (typically those most commonly used for deploying malware and ransomware), and specific web applications; if, for example, a business wanted to allow its marketing department access to Facebook, but not FaceTime. Effectively, the keyword filters fine-tune the category settings, enhance security and increase productivity.</p>\r\n<h1 class=\"align-center\">Are there any home web filter appliance?</h1>\r\nFor children today, the Internet has always existed. To them, it’s second nature to pop online and watch a funny video, find a fact, or chat with a friend. But, of course, the Internet is also filled with a lot of dark corners (It’s a hop, skip, and a click to adult content). Parents, then, are presented with the daunting task of not only monitoring what sites their children visit but also their screen time consumption. There are a number of home content filtering appliance that allow parents to do just this. The best parental control apps and devices, be they hardware or software, not only put parents in command of such things as the content their children can view and the amount of time they can spend online but help restore a parent’s sense of control. With them, parents, from can restrict access to only specific sites and apps, filter dangerous or explicit web-content, manage time, and even track their location.\r\n\r\n","iconURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/icon_Web_filtering_Appliance.png"},{"id":552,"title":"Secure Web Gateway - Appliance","alias":"secure-web-gateway-appliance","description":"Secure web gateways are generally appliance-based security solutions that prevent advanced threats, block unauthorized access to systems or websites, stop malware, and monitor real-time activity across websites accessed by users within the institution.\r\nA secure web gateway is primarily used to monitor and prevent malicious traffic and data from entering, or even leaving, an organization’s network. Typically, it is implemented to secure an organization against threats originating from the Internet, websites and other Web 2.0 products/services. It is generally implemented through a hardware gateway device implemented at the outer boundaries of a network. Some of the features a secure Web gateway provides include URL filtering, application-level control, data leakage prevention, and virus/malware code detection.\r\nA Secure web gateway (SWG) protects users against phishing, malware and other Internet-borne threats. Unlike traditional firewalls, SWGs are focused on layer 7 web traffic inspection, both inbound and outbound. As web security solutions, they apply no protection to WAN traffic, which is left to the corporate next generation firewalls. In recent years, SWGs appeared as a cloud service. The cloud instances enable secure web and cloud access from anywhere – including outside the office by mobile users. The traffic coverage and solution form factor remain the key distinctions between SWGs and next generation firewalls, which often provide a very similar level of security capabilities.\r\nA converged, cloud-based network security solution converges the capabilities of a next generation firewall (WAN and Internet traffic inspection) and the extended coverage for mobile users of SWGs.\r\nA converged approach eliminates the need to maintain policies across multiple point solutions and the appliance life cycle.","materialsDescription":"<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Why is a secure web gateway important?</span>\r\nSecure web gateways have become increasingly common as cybercriminals have grown more sophisticated in embedding threat vectors into seemingly innocuous or professional-looking websites. These counterfeit websites can compromise the enterprise as users access them, unleashing malicious code and unauthorized access in the background without the user's knowledge. These fake, criminal websites can be quite convincing.\r\nSome of these scam websites appear to be so authentic that they can convince users to enter credit card numbers and personal identification information (PII) such as social security numbers. Other sites require only the connection to the user to bypass web browser controls and inject malicious code such as viruses or malware into the user's network. Examples include fake online shopping sites posing as brand-name sellers, sites that appear to be legitimate government agencies and even business-to-business intranets. Secure web gateways can also prevent data from flowing out of an organization, making certain that restricted data is blocked from leaving the organization.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">How does a secure web gateway work?</span>\r\nSecure web gateways are installed as a software component or a hardware device on the edge of the network or at user endpoints. All traffic to and from users to other networks must pass through the gateway that monitors it. The gateway monitors this traffic for malicious code, web application use, and all user/non-user attempted URL connections.\r\nThe gateway checks or filters website URL addresses against stored lists of known and approved websites—all others not on the approved lists can be explicitly blocked. Known malicious sites can be explicitly blocked as well. URL filters that maintain allowed web addresses are maintained in whitelists, while known, off-limits sites that are explicitly blocked are maintained in blacklists. In enterprises, these lists are maintained in the secure gateway's database, which then applies the list filters to all incoming and outgoing traffic.\r\nSimilarly, data flowing out of the network can be checked, disallowing restricted data sources—data on the network or user devices that are prohibited from distribution. Application-level controls can also be restricted to known and approved functions, such as blocking uploads to software-as-a-service (SaaS) applications (such as Office 365 and Salesforce.com). Although some enterprises deploy secure web gateways in hardware appliances that filter all incoming and outgoing traffic, many organizations use cloud-based, SaaS secure web gateways as a more flexible and less costly solution to deploy and maintain. Organizations with existing hardware investments often combine the two, using hardware at their larger physical sites and cloud-based gateways for remote locations and traveling workers.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What are some features of secure web gateways?</span>\r\nBeyond basic URL, web application control and data filtering, secure web gateways should provide additional controls and features that enhance network security.\r\n<ul><li>Encrypted traffic analysis. The gateway should compare all traffic to local and global threat lists and reputation sources first, then also analyze the nature of the traffic itself to determine if any content or code poses a threat to the network. This should include SSL-based encrypted traffic.</li><li>Data Loss Prevention. If, for example, a website accepts uploaded documents or data, the documents should first be scanned for sensitive data before being uploaded.</li><li>Social media protection. All information to and from social media should be scanned and filtered.</li><li>Support for all protocols. HTTP, HTTPS, and FTP internet protocols must be supported. While HTTPS is the industry standard now, many sites still support HTTP and FTP connections.</li><li>Integration with zero-day anti-malware solutions. Threats will be discovered, and integration with anti-malware solutions that can detect zero-day (never seen before) threats deliver the best prevention and remediation.</li><li>Integration with security monitoring. Security administrators should be notified of any web gateway security problems via their monitoring solution of choice, typically a security information and event management (SIEM) solution.</li><li>Choice of location. Choose where your secure web gateway best fits in your network—the edge, at endpoints, or in the cloud.</li></ul>","iconURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/icon_Secure_Web_Gateway_Appliance.png"},{"id":562,"title":"DDoS Protection - Appliance","alias":"ddos-protection-appliance","description":"A denial-of-service attack (DoS attack) is a cyber-attack in which the perpetrator seeks to make a machine or network resource unavailable to its intended users by temporarily or indefinitely disrupting services of a host connected to the Internet. Denial of service is typically accomplished by flooding the targeted machine or resource with superfluous requests in an attempt to overload systems and prevent some or all legitimate requests from being fulfilled.\r\nIn a distributed denial-of-service attack (DDoS attack), the incoming traffic flooding the victim originates from many different sources. This effectively makes it impossible to stop the attack simply by blocking a single source.\r\nA DoS or DDoS attack is analogous to a group of people crowding the entry door of a shop, making it hard for legitimate customers to enter, disrupting trade.\r\nCriminal perpetrators of DoS attacks often target sites or services hosted on high-profile web servers such as banks or credit card payment gateways. Revenge, blackmail and activism can motivate these attacks.\r\nBuying a DDoS mitigation appliance can be highly confusing, especially if you have never done this before. While selecting a DDoS protection solution you must understand the right features and have proper background knowledge. In case of distributed denial of service attacks, the bandwidth or resources of any targeted network is flooded with a large amount of malicious traffic. As a result, the system becomes overloaded and crashes. The legitimate users of the network are denied the service. The mail servers, DNS servers and the servers which host high-profile websites are the main target of DDOS attacks. Customers who use services of any shared network are also affected by these attacks. Therefore, anti-DDOS appliances are now vital.","materialsDescription":"<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">DDoS mitigation solution</span>\r\nThere are two types of DDoS mitigation appliances. These include software and hardware solutions. Identical functions may be claimed by both forms of DDoS protection.\r\n<ul><li>Firewalls are the most common protection appliance, which can deny protocols, IP addresses or ports. However, they are not enough strong to provide protection from the more complicated DDoS attacks.</li><li>Switches are also effective solutions for preventing DDoS attacks. Most of these switches possess rate limiting capability and ACL. Some switches provide packet inspection, traffic shaping, delayed binding and rate limiting. They can detect the fake traffic through balancing and rate filtering.</li><li>Like switches, routers also have rate limiting and ACL capability. Most routers are capable of moving under DoS attacks.</li><li>Intrusion prevention systems are another option for you when it comes to protection from DDoS attacks. This solution can be effective in several cases of DDoS attacks. It can identify DDoS attacks and stop them because they possess the granularity as well as processing power required for identifying the attacks. Then they work in an automated manner to resolve the situation.</li><li>There are also rate-based intrusion prevention mechanisms, which are capable of analyzing traffic granularity. This system can also monitor the pattern of traffic.</li></ul>\r\nYou must check the connectivity while selecting a DDoS mitigation appliance. Capacity is also an important aspect of a DDoS protection solutions. You must figure out the number of ports, IPs, protocols, hosts, URLs and user agents that can be monitored by the appliance. An effective DDoS mitigation solution must also be properly customizable. Your DDoS mitigation appliance should be such that it can be upgraded according to your requirements. These are some important factors that you need to consider while choosing a DDoS mitigation appliance for your system.<br /><br />","iconURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/icon_DDoS_Protection_Appliance.png"},{"id":784,"title":"NGFW - next-generation firewall - Appliance","alias":"ngfw-next-generation-firewall-appliance","description":" A next-generation firewall (NGFW) is a part of the third generation of firewall technology, combining a traditional firewall with other network device filtering functionalities, such as an application firewall using in-line deep packet inspection (DPI), an intrusion prevention system (IPS). Other techniques might also be employed, such as TLS/SSL encrypted traffic inspection, website filtering, QoS/bandwidth management, antivirus inspection and third-party identity management integration (i.e. LDAP, RADIUS, Active Directory).\r\nNGFWs include the typical functions of traditional firewalls such as packet filtering, network- and port-address translation (NAT), stateful inspection, and virtual private network (VPN) support. The goal of next-generation firewalls is to include more layers of the OSI model, improving filtering of network traffic that is dependent on the packet contents.\r\nNGFWs perform deeper inspection compared to stateful inspection performed by the first- and second-generation firewalls. NGFWs use a more thorough inspection style, checking packet payloads and matching signatures for harmful activities such as exploitable attacks and malware.\r\nImproved detection of encrypted applications and intrusion prevention service. Modern threats like web-based malware attacks, targeted attacks, application-layer attacks, and more have had a significantly negative effect on the threat landscape. In fact, more than 80% of all new malware and intrusion attempts are exploiting weaknesses in applications, as opposed to weaknesses in networking components and services.\r\nStateful firewalls with simple packet filtering capabilities were efficient blocking unwanted applications as most applications met the port-protocol expectations. Administrators could promptly prevent an unsafe application from being accessed by users by blocking the associated ports and protocols. But today, blocking a web application like Farmville that uses port 80 by closing the port would also mean complications with the entire HTTP protocol.\r\nProtection based on ports, protocols, IP addresses is no more reliable and viable. This has led to the development of identity-based security approach, which takes organizations a step ahead of conventional security appliances which bind security to IP-addresses.\r\nNGFWs offer administrators a deeper awareness of and control over individual applications, along with deeper inspection capabilities by the firewall. Administrators can create very granular &quot;allow/deny&quot; rules for controlling use of websites and applications in the network. ","materialsDescription":"<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\"> What is a next-generation firewall (NGFW)?</span>\r\nAn NGFW contains all the normal defences that a traditional firewall has as well as a type of intrusion prevention software and application control, alongside other bonus security features. NGFWs are also capable of deep packet inspection which enables more robust filters.\r\nIntrusion prevention software monitors network activity to detect and stop vulnerability exploits from occurring. This is usually done by monitoring for breaches against the network policies in place as a breach is usually indicative of malicious activity.\r\nApplication control software simply sets up a hard filter for programs that are trying to send or receive data over the Internet. This can either be done by blacklist (programs in the filter are blocked) or by whitelist (programs not in the filter are blocked).","iconURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/icon_NGFW.png"}],"characteristics":[],"concurentProducts":[],"jobRoles":[],"organizationalFeatures":[],"complementaryCategories":[],"solutions":[],"materials":[],"useCases":[],"best_practices":[],"values":[],"implementations":[]},{"id":220,"logoURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/Riverbed_SteelHead.jpg","logo":true,"scheme":false,"title":"Riverbed SteelHead","vendorVerified":0,"rating":"1.40","implementationsCount":1,"suppliersCount":0,"supplierPartnersCount":0,"alias":"riverbed-steelhead","companyTitle":"Riverbed","companyTypes":["supplier","vendor"],"companyId":2779,"companyAlias":"riverbed","description":"SteelHead offers industry leading secure optimization of all applications, across hybrid networks to users everywhere so you can leverage global resources and access applications and data from anywhere - all while reducing the cost of running your business.\r\nFunctions of Riverbed SteelHead:\r\n1. Reducing traffic 60% -95%, depending on the structure and type of traffic.\r\n• Release and prioritize bandwidth for more critical traffic types;\r\n• Reduced operating costs by paying traffic and (or) lease of communication channels;\r\n• No need to expand communication channels up to 3 years.\r\n\r\n2. Accelerating Enterprise Applications\r\n• CIFS (windows file sharing) - up to 25 times or more;\r\n• MAPI (MS Exchange) - up to 20 times or more;\r\n• HTTP / HTTPS (intranet, portals) - up to 10 times or more","shortDescription":"SteelHead offers industry leading secure optimization of all applications, across hybrid networks to users everywhere so you can leverage global resources and access applications and data from anywhere - all while reducing the cost of running your business.","type":null,"isRoiCalculatorAvaliable":false,"isConfiguratorAvaliable":false,"bonus":100,"usingCount":18,"sellingCount":3,"discontinued":0,"rebateForPoc":0,"rebate":0,"seo":{"title":"Riverbed SteelHead","keywords":"traffic, more, times, SteelHead, applications, communication, channels, Riverbed","description":"SteelHead offers industry leading secure optimization of all applications, across hybrid networks to users everywhere so you can leverage global resources and access applications and data from anywhere - all while reducing the cost of running your business.\r\nF","og:title":"Riverbed SteelHead","og:description":"SteelHead offers industry leading secure optimization of all applications, across hybrid networks to users everywhere so you can leverage global resources and access applications and data from anywhere - all while reducing the cost of running your business.\r\nF","og:image":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/Riverbed_SteelHead.jpg"},"eventUrl":"","translationId":221,"dealDetails":null,"roi":null,"price":null,"bonusForReference":null,"templateData":[],"testingArea":"","categories":[{"id":536,"title":"WAN optimization - appliance","alias":"wan-optimization-appliance","description":" WAN optimization appliance is a collection of techniques for increasing data-transfer efficiencies across wide-area networks (WANs). In 2008, the WAN optimization market was estimated to be $1 billion and was to grow to $4.4 billion by 2014 according to Gartner, a technology research firm. In 2015 Gartner estimated the WAN optimization market to be a $1.1 billion market.\r\nThe most common measures of TCP data-transfer efficiencies (i.e., optimization) are throughput, bandwidth requirements, latency, protocol optimization, and congestion, as manifested in dropped packets. In addition, the WAN itself can be classified with regards to the distance between endpoints and the amounts of data transferred. Two common business WAN topologies are Branch to Headquarters and Data Center to Data Center (DC2DC). In general, &quot;Branch&quot; WAN links are closer, use less bandwidth, support more simultaneous connections, support smaller connections and more short-lived connections, and handle a greater variety of protocols. They are used for business applications such as email, content management systems, database application, and Web delivery. In comparison, &quot;DC2DC&quot; WAN links tend to require more bandwidth, are more distant and involve fewer connections, but those connections are bigger (100 Mbit/s to 1 Gbit/s flows) and of longer duration. Traffic on a &quot;DC2DC&quot; WAN may include replication, back up, data migration, virtualization, and other Business Continuity/Disaster Recovery (BC/DR) flow.\r\nWAN optimization has been the subject of extensive academic research almost since the advent of the WAN. In the early 2000s, research in both the private and public sectors turned to improve the end-to-end throughput of TCP, and the target of the first proprietary WAN optimization solutions was the Branch WAN. In recent years, however, the rapid growth of digital data, and the concomitant needs to store and protect it, has presented a need for DC2DC WAN optimization. For example, such optimizations can be performed to increase overall network capacity utilization, meet inter-datacenter transfer deadlines, or minimize average completion times of data transfers. As another example, private inter-datacenter WANs can benefit optimizations for fast and efficient geo-replication of data and content, such as newly computed machine learning models or multimedia content.\r\nComponent techniques of Branch WAN Optimization include deduplication, wide-area file services (WAFS), SMB proxy, HTTPS Proxy, media multicasting, web caching, and bandwidth management. Requirements for DC2DC WAN Optimization also center around deduplication and TCP acceleration, however, these must occur in the context of multi-gigabit data transfer rates. ","materialsDescription":" <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What techniques does WAN optimization have?</span>\r\n<ul><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Deduplication</span> – Eliminates the transfer of redundant data across the WAN by sending references instead of the actual data. By working at the byte level, benefits are achieved across IP applications.</li><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Compression</span> – Relies on data patterns that can be represented more efficiently. Essentially compression techniques similar to ZIP, RAR, ARJ, etc. are applied on-the-fly to data passing through hardware (or virtual machine) based WAN acceleration appliances.</li><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Latency optimization</span> – Can include TCP refinements such as window-size scaling, selective acknowledgments, Layer 3 congestion control algorithms, and even co-location strategies in which the application is placed in near proximity to the endpoint to reduce latency. In some implementations, the local WAN optimizer will answer the requests of the client locally instead of forwarding the request to the remote server in order to leverage write-behind and read-ahead mechanisms to reduce WAN latency.</li><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Caching/proxy</span> – Staging data in local caches; Relies on human behavior, accessing the same data over and over.</li><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Forward error correction</span> – Mitigates packet loss by adding another loss-recovery packet for every “N” packets that are sent, and this would reduce the need for retransmissions in error-prone and congested WAN links.</li><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Protocol spoofing</span> – Bundles multiple requests from chatty applications into one. May also include stream-lining protocols such as CIFS.</li><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Traffic shaping</span> – Controls data flow for specific applications. Giving flexibility to network operators/network admins to decide which applications take precedence over the WAN. A common use case of traffic shaping would be to prevent one protocol or application from hogging or flooding a link over other protocols deemed more important by the business/administrator. Some WAN acceleration devices are able to traffic shape with granularity far beyond traditional network devices. Such as shaping traffic on a per-user AND per application basis simultaneously.</li><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Equalizing</span> – Makes assumptions on what needs immediate priority based on data usage. Usage examples for equalizing may include wide open unregulated Internet connections and clogged VPN tunnels.</li><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Connection limits</span> – Prevents access gridlock in and to denial of service or to peer. Best suited for wide-open Internet access links, can also be used links.</li><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Simple rate limits</span> – Prevents one user from getting more than a fixed amount of data. Best suited as a stop-gap first effort for remediating a congested Internet connection or WAN link.</li></ul>","iconURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/icon_WAN_optimization_appliance.png"}],"characteristics":[],"concurentProducts":[],"jobRoles":[],"organizationalFeatures":[],"complementaryCategories":[],"solutions":[],"materials":[],"useCases":[],"best_practices":[],"values":[],"implementations":[]},{"id":174,"logoURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/FortiGate.jpg","logo":true,"scheme":false,"title":"Fortinet FortiGate NGFW","vendorVerified":0,"rating":"2.00","implementationsCount":4,"suppliersCount":0,"supplierPartnersCount":21,"alias":"fortigate","companyTitle":"Fortinet","companyTypes":["vendor"],"companyId":690,"companyAlias":"fortinet","description":"FortiGate NGFWs are network firewalls powered by purpose-built security processing units (SPUs) including the latest NP7 (Network Processor 7). They enable security-driven networking, and are ideal network firewalls for hybrid and hyperscale data centers.\r\nFortinet NGFWs reduce cost and complexity by eliminating points products and consolidating industry-leading security capabilities such as secure sockets layer (SSL) inspection including the latest TLS1.3, web filtering, intrusion prevention system (IPS) to provide fully visibility and protect any edge. Fortinet NGFWs uniquely meet the performance needs of hyperscale and hybrid IT architectures, enabling organizations to deliver optimal user experience, and manage security risks for better business continuity.\r\nFortiGate next-generation firewalls inspect traffic at hyperscale as it enters and leaves the network. These inspections happen at unparalleled speed, scale, and performance to ensure that only legitimate traffic is allowed, all without degrading user experience or creating costly downtime.\r\nAs an integral part of the Fortinet Security Fabric, FortiGate NGFWs can communicate within the comprehensive Fortinet security portfolio as well as third-party security solutions in a multivendor environment. FortiGate NGFWs seamlessly integrate with artificial intelligence (AI)-driven FortiGuard and FortiSandbox services to protect against known and zero-day threats and improve operational efficiency through integration with Fabric Management Center.","shortDescription":"FortiGate is a Top-rated security—NSS Labs “Recommended”. Comprehensive security in one, simplified solution. Flexible deployment options fit your unique requirements","type":null,"isRoiCalculatorAvaliable":false,"isConfiguratorAvaliable":false,"bonus":100,"usingCount":12,"sellingCount":19,"discontinued":0,"rebateForPoc":0,"rebate":0,"seo":{"title":"Fortinet FortiGate NGFW","keywords":"security, network, your, FortiGate, deployments, small, platform, across","description":"FortiGate NGFWs are network firewalls powered by purpose-built security processing units (SPUs) including the latest NP7 (Network Processor 7). They enable security-driven networking, and are ideal network firewalls for hybrid and hyperscale data centers.\r\n","og:title":"Fortinet FortiGate NGFW","og:description":"FortiGate NGFWs are network firewalls powered by purpose-built security processing units (SPUs) including the latest NP7 (Network Processor 7). They enable security-driven networking, and are ideal network firewalls for hybrid and hyperscale data centers.\r\n","og:image":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/FortiGate.jpg"},"eventUrl":"","translationId":175,"dealDetails":null,"roi":null,"price":null,"bonusForReference":null,"templateData":[],"testingArea":"","categories":[{"id":536,"title":"WAN optimization - appliance","alias":"wan-optimization-appliance","description":" WAN optimization appliance is a collection of techniques for increasing data-transfer efficiencies across wide-area networks (WANs). In 2008, the WAN optimization market was estimated to be $1 billion and was to grow to $4.4 billion by 2014 according to Gartner, a technology research firm. In 2015 Gartner estimated the WAN optimization market to be a $1.1 billion market.\r\nThe most common measures of TCP data-transfer efficiencies (i.e., optimization) are throughput, bandwidth requirements, latency, protocol optimization, and congestion, as manifested in dropped packets. In addition, the WAN itself can be classified with regards to the distance between endpoints and the amounts of data transferred. Two common business WAN topologies are Branch to Headquarters and Data Center to Data Center (DC2DC). In general, &quot;Branch&quot; WAN links are closer, use less bandwidth, support more simultaneous connections, support smaller connections and more short-lived connections, and handle a greater variety of protocols. They are used for business applications such as email, content management systems, database application, and Web delivery. In comparison, &quot;DC2DC&quot; WAN links tend to require more bandwidth, are more distant and involve fewer connections, but those connections are bigger (100 Mbit/s to 1 Gbit/s flows) and of longer duration. Traffic on a &quot;DC2DC&quot; WAN may include replication, back up, data migration, virtualization, and other Business Continuity/Disaster Recovery (BC/DR) flow.\r\nWAN optimization has been the subject of extensive academic research almost since the advent of the WAN. In the early 2000s, research in both the private and public sectors turned to improve the end-to-end throughput of TCP, and the target of the first proprietary WAN optimization solutions was the Branch WAN. In recent years, however, the rapid growth of digital data, and the concomitant needs to store and protect it, has presented a need for DC2DC WAN optimization. For example, such optimizations can be performed to increase overall network capacity utilization, meet inter-datacenter transfer deadlines, or minimize average completion times of data transfers. As another example, private inter-datacenter WANs can benefit optimizations for fast and efficient geo-replication of data and content, such as newly computed machine learning models or multimedia content.\r\nComponent techniques of Branch WAN Optimization include deduplication, wide-area file services (WAFS), SMB proxy, HTTPS Proxy, media multicasting, web caching, and bandwidth management. Requirements for DC2DC WAN Optimization also center around deduplication and TCP acceleration, however, these must occur in the context of multi-gigabit data transfer rates. ","materialsDescription":" <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What techniques does WAN optimization have?</span>\r\n<ul><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Deduplication</span> – Eliminates the transfer of redundant data across the WAN by sending references instead of the actual data. By working at the byte level, benefits are achieved across IP applications.</li><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Compression</span> – Relies on data patterns that can be represented more efficiently. Essentially compression techniques similar to ZIP, RAR, ARJ, etc. are applied on-the-fly to data passing through hardware (or virtual machine) based WAN acceleration appliances.</li><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Latency optimization</span> – Can include TCP refinements such as window-size scaling, selective acknowledgments, Layer 3 congestion control algorithms, and even co-location strategies in which the application is placed in near proximity to the endpoint to reduce latency. In some implementations, the local WAN optimizer will answer the requests of the client locally instead of forwarding the request to the remote server in order to leverage write-behind and read-ahead mechanisms to reduce WAN latency.</li><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Caching/proxy</span> – Staging data in local caches; Relies on human behavior, accessing the same data over and over.</li><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Forward error correction</span> – Mitigates packet loss by adding another loss-recovery packet for every “N” packets that are sent, and this would reduce the need for retransmissions in error-prone and congested WAN links.</li><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Protocol spoofing</span> – Bundles multiple requests from chatty applications into one. May also include stream-lining protocols such as CIFS.</li><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Traffic shaping</span> – Controls data flow for specific applications. Giving flexibility to network operators/network admins to decide which applications take precedence over the WAN. A common use case of traffic shaping would be to prevent one protocol or application from hogging or flooding a link over other protocols deemed more important by the business/administrator. Some WAN acceleration devices are able to traffic shape with granularity far beyond traditional network devices. Such as shaping traffic on a per-user AND per application basis simultaneously.</li><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Equalizing</span> – Makes assumptions on what needs immediate priority based on data usage. Usage examples for equalizing may include wide open unregulated Internet connections and clogged VPN tunnels.</li><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Connection limits</span> – Prevents access gridlock in and to denial of service or to peer. Best suited for wide-open Internet access links, can also be used links.</li><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Simple rate limits</span> – Prevents one user from getting more than a fixed amount of data. Best suited as a stop-gap first effort for remediating a congested Internet connection or WAN link.</li></ul>","iconURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/icon_WAN_optimization_appliance.png"},{"id":49,"title":"VPN - Virtual Private Network","alias":"vpn-virtual-private-network","description":"A <span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">virtual private network (VPN)</span> extends a private network across a public network, and enables users to send and receive data across shared or public networks as if their computing devices were directly connected to the private network. Applications running on a computing device, e.g. a laptop, desktop, smartphone, across a VPN may therefore benefit from the functionality, security, and management of the private network. Encryption is a common though not an inherent part of a VPN connection.\r\nAt its most basic level, VPN tunneling creates a point-to-point connection that cannot be accessed by unauthorized users. To actually create the VPN tunnel, the endpoint device needs to be running a VPN client (software application) locally or in the cloud. The VPN client runs in the background and is not noticeable to the end user unless there are performance issues.\r\nThe performance of a VPN can be affected by a variety of factors, among them the speed of users' internet connections, the types of protocols an internet service provider may use and the type of encryption the VPN uses. In the enterprise, performance can also be affected by poor quality of service (QoS) outside the control of an organization's information technology (IT) department.\r\nConsumers use a virtual private network software to protect their online activity and identity. By using an anonymous VPN service, a user's Internet traffic and data remain encrypted, which prevents eavesdroppers from sniffing Internet activity. Personal VPN services are especially useful when accessing public Wi-Fi hotspots because the public wireless services might not be secure. In addition to public Wi-Fi security, it also provides consumers with uncensored Internet access and can help prevent data theft and unblock websites.\r\nCompanies and organizations will typically use a VPN&nbsp; security to communicate confidentially over a public network and to send voice, video or data. It is also an excellent option for remote workers and organizations with global offices and partners to share data in a private manner.\r\n<p class=\"align-center\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Types of VPNs</span></p>\r\n<ul><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Remote access VPN</span>. Remote access VPN clients connect to a VPN gateway server on the organization's network. The gateway requires the device to authenticate its identity before granting access to internal network resources such as file servers, printers and intranets. This type of VPN usually relies on either IP Security (IPsec) or Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) to secure the connection.</li></ul>\r\n\r\n<ul><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Site-to-site VPN.</span> In contrast, a site-to-site VPN uses a gateway device to connect an entire network in one location to a network in another location. End-node devices in the remote location do not need VPN clients because the gateway handles the connection. Most site-to-site VPNs connecting over the internet use IPsec. It is also common for them to use carrier MPLS clouds rather than the public internet as the transport for site-to-site VPNs. </li></ul>\r\n\r\n<ul><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Mobile VPN.</span> In a mobile VPN, a VPN server still sits at the edge of the company network, enabling secure tunneled access by authenticated, authorized VPN clients. Mobile VPN tunnels are not tied to physical IP addresses, however. Instead, each tunnel is bound to a logical IP address. That logical IP address sticks to the mobile device no matter where it may roam.</li></ul>\r\n\r\n<ul><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">VPN Hardware</span>. It offer a number of advantages over the software-based VPN. In addition to enhanced security, hardware VPNs can provide load balancing to handle large client loads. Administration is managed through a Web browser interface. A hardware VPN is more expensive than a software VPN. Because of the cost, hardware VPNs are a more realistic option for large businesses than for small businesses or branch offices. </li></ul>\r\n\r\n<ul><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">VPN appliance.</span> A VPN appliance, also known as a VPN gateway appliance, is a network device equipped with enhanced security features. Also known as an SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) VPN appliance, it is in effect a router that provides protection, authorization, authentication and encryption for VPNs.</li></ul>\r\n\r\n<ul><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Dynamic multipoint virtual private network (DMVPN</span>). A dynamic multipoint virtual private network (DMVPN) is a secure network that exchanges data between sites without needing to pass traffic through an organization's headquarter virtual private network (VPN) server or router. </li></ul>\r\n\r\n<ul><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">VPN Reconnect.</span> VPN Reconnect is a feature of Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008 R2 that allows a virtual private network&nbsp; connection to remain open during a brief interruption of Internet service. Usually, when a computing device using a VPN connection drops its Internet connection, the end user has to manually reconnect to the VPN. VPN Reconnect keeps the VPN tunnel open for a configurable amount of time so when Internet service is restored, the VPN connection is automatically restored as well. </li></ul>\r\n<p class=\"align-left\">&nbsp;</p>","materialsDescription":"<h1 class=\"align-center\"><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">What is VPN software?</span></h1>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: normal;\"></span>VPN software is a tool that allows users to create a secure, encrypted connection over a computer network such as the Internet. The platform was developed to allow for secure access to business applications and other resources.\r\n<header><h1 class=\"align-center\"><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">How does VPN software work?</span></h1></header>\r\n<p class=\"align-left\">So what does VPN do? Basically, a VPN is a group of computers or networks, which are connected over the Internet. For businesses, VPN services serve as avenues for getting access to networks when they are not physically on the same network. Such a service can also be used to encrypt communications over public networks.</p>\r\n<p class=\"align-left\">VPNs are usually deployed through local installation or by logging on to a service’s website. To give you an idea as to how VPN works, the software allows your computer to basically exchange keys with a remote server, through which all data traffic is encrypted and kept secure, safe from prying eyes. It lets you browse the Internet without the worry of being tracked, monitored and identified without permission. A VPN also helps in accessing blocked sites and in circumventing censorship.</p>\r\n<h1 class=\"align-center\"><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">What are the features of VPN software?</span></h1>\r\n<p class=\"align-left\">There are a variety of ways by which you can determine what VPN suits you. Here are some features of software VPN solutions and buying factors that you should consider:<br /><br /></p>\r\n<ul><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Privacy</span>: You should know what kind of privacy you really need. Is it for surfing, downloading or simply accessing blocked sites? Best of VPN programs offer one or more of these capabilities.</li><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Software/features</span>: Platforms should not be limited to ease of use, they should include features such as kill switches and DNS leak prevention tools which provide a further layer of protection.</li><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Security</span>: One should consider the level of security that a service offers. This can prevent hackers and agencies from accessing your data.</li><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Cross-platform support</span>: A VPN solution should be able to run on any device. To do this, setup guides for different platforms should be provided by the vendor.</li><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">The number of servers/countries</span>: For these services, the more servers VPN there are, the better the service. This allows users to connect from virtually all over the world. It will also enable them to change their locations at will.</li><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Speed</span>: It’s common knowledge that using VPN comes with reduction in Internet speed. This is due to the fact that signals need to travel long distances and the demands of the encryption and decryption processes. Choose a service that has minimal impact on Internet speed.</li><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Simultaneous connections</span>: Many services allow users to use only one device at a time. However, many VPN service providers allow customers to connect multiple devices all at the same time.</li></ul>\r\n<p class=\"align-left\">&nbsp;</p>","iconURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/VPN_-_Virtual_Private_Network.png"},{"id":784,"title":"NGFW - next-generation firewall - Appliance","alias":"ngfw-next-generation-firewall-appliance","description":" A next-generation firewall (NGFW) is a part of the third generation of firewall technology, combining a traditional firewall with other network device filtering functionalities, such as an application firewall using in-line deep packet inspection (DPI), an intrusion prevention system (IPS). Other techniques might also be employed, such as TLS/SSL encrypted traffic inspection, website filtering, QoS/bandwidth management, antivirus inspection and third-party identity management integration (i.e. LDAP, RADIUS, Active Directory).\r\nNGFWs include the typical functions of traditional firewalls such as packet filtering, network- and port-address translation (NAT), stateful inspection, and virtual private network (VPN) support. The goal of next-generation firewalls is to include more layers of the OSI model, improving filtering of network traffic that is dependent on the packet contents.\r\nNGFWs perform deeper inspection compared to stateful inspection performed by the first- and second-generation firewalls. NGFWs use a more thorough inspection style, checking packet payloads and matching signatures for harmful activities such as exploitable attacks and malware.\r\nImproved detection of encrypted applications and intrusion prevention service. Modern threats like web-based malware attacks, targeted attacks, application-layer attacks, and more have had a significantly negative effect on the threat landscape. In fact, more than 80% of all new malware and intrusion attempts are exploiting weaknesses in applications, as opposed to weaknesses in networking components and services.\r\nStateful firewalls with simple packet filtering capabilities were efficient blocking unwanted applications as most applications met the port-protocol expectations. Administrators could promptly prevent an unsafe application from being accessed by users by blocking the associated ports and protocols. But today, blocking a web application like Farmville that uses port 80 by closing the port would also mean complications with the entire HTTP protocol.\r\nProtection based on ports, protocols, IP addresses is no more reliable and viable. This has led to the development of identity-based security approach, which takes organizations a step ahead of conventional security appliances which bind security to IP-addresses.\r\nNGFWs offer administrators a deeper awareness of and control over individual applications, along with deeper inspection capabilities by the firewall. Administrators can create very granular &quot;allow/deny&quot; rules for controlling use of websites and applications in the network. ","materialsDescription":"<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\"> What is a next-generation firewall (NGFW)?</span>\r\nAn NGFW contains all the normal defences that a traditional firewall has as well as a type of intrusion prevention software and application control, alongside other bonus security features. NGFWs are also capable of deep packet inspection which enables more robust filters.\r\nIntrusion prevention software monitors network activity to detect and stop vulnerability exploits from occurring. This is usually done by monitoring for breaches against the network policies in place as a breach is usually indicative of malicious activity.\r\nApplication control software simply sets up a hard filter for programs that are trying to send or receive data over the Internet. This can either be done by blacklist (programs in the filter are blocked) or by whitelist (programs not in the filter are blocked).","iconURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/icon_NGFW.png"},{"id":782,"title":"NGFW - next-generation firewall","alias":"ngfw-next-generation-firewall","description":"A next-generation firewall (NGFW) is a part of the third generation of firewall technology that is implemented in either hardware or software and is capable of detecting and blocking sophisticated attacks by enforcing security policies at the application, port and protocol levels.\r\nNGFWs typically feature advanced functions including:\r\n<ul><li>application awareness;</li><li>integrated intrusion prevention systems (IPS);</li><li>identity awareness -- user and group control;</li><li>bridged and routed modes;</li><li> the ability to use external intelligence sources.</li></ul>\r\nOf these offerings, most next-generation firewalls integrate at least three basic functions: enterprise firewall capabilities, an intrusion prevention system (IPS) and application control.\r\nLike the introduction of stateful inspection in traditional firewalls, NGFWs bring additional context to the firewall's decision-making process by providing it with the ability to understand the details of the web application traffic passing through it and to take action to block traffic that might exploit vulnerabilities.\r\nThe different features of next-generation firewalls combine to create unique benefits for users. NGFWs are often able to block malware before it enters a network, something that wasn't previously possible.\r\nNGFWs are also better equipped to address advanced persistent threats (APTs) because they can be integrated with threat intelligence services. NGFWs can also offer a low-cost option for companies trying to improve basic device security through the use of application awareness, inspection services, protection systems and awareness tools.<br /><br />","materialsDescription":"<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What is a next-generation firewall (NGFW)?</span>\r\nA NGFW contains all the normal defenses that a traditional firewall has as well as a type of intrusion prevention software and application control, alongside other additional security features. NGFWs are also capable of deep packet inspection, which enables more robust filters.\r\nIntrusion prevention software monitors network activity to detect and stop vulnerability exploits from occurring. This is usually done by monitoring for breaches against the network policies in place as a breach is usually indicative of malicious activity.\r\nApplication control software simply sets up a hard filter for programs that are trying to send or receive data over the Internet. This can either be done by a blacklist (programs in the filter are blocked) or by a whitelist (programs not in the filter are blocked).","iconURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/icon_NGFW.png"}],"characteristics":[],"concurentProducts":[],"jobRoles":[],"organizationalFeatures":[],"complementaryCategories":[],"solutions":[],"materials":[],"useCases":[],"best_practices":[],"values":[],"implementations":[]}],"jobRoles":[],"organizationalFeatures":[],"complementaryCategories":[],"solutions":[],"materials":[],"useCases":[],"best_practices":[],"values":[],"implementations":[],"presenterCodeLng":"","productImplementations":[]}},"aliases":{},"links":{},"meta":{},"loading":false,"error":null,"useProductLoading":false,"sellProductLoading":false,"templatesById":{},"comparisonByTemplateId":{}},"filters":{"filterCriterias":{"loading":false,"error":null,"data":{"price":{"min":0,"max":6000},"users":{"loading":false,"error":null,"ids":[],"values":{}},"suppliers":{"loading":false,"error":null,"ids":[],"values":{}},"vendors":{"loading":false,"error":null,"ids":[],"values":{}},"roles":{"id":200,"title":"Roles","values":{"1":{"id":1,"title":"User","translationKey":"user"},"2":{"id":2,"title":"Supplier","translationKey":"supplier"},"3":{"id":3,"title":"Vendor","translationKey":"vendor"}}},"categories":{"flat":[],"tree":[]},"countries":{"loading":false,"error":null,"ids":[],"values":{}}}},"showAIFilter":false},"companies":{"companiesByAlias":{},"aliases":{},"links":{},"meta":{},"loading":false,"error":null},"implementations":{"implementationsByAlias":{},"aliases":{},"links":{},"meta":{},"loading":false,"error":null},"agreements":{"agreementById":{},"ids":{},"links":{},"meta":{},"loading":false,"error":null},"comparison":{"loading":false,"error":false,"templatesById":{},"comparisonByTemplateId":{},"products":[],"selectedTemplateId":null},"presentation":{"type":null,"company":{},"products":[],"partners":[],"formData":{},"dataLoading":false,"dataError":false,"loading":false,"error":false},"catalogsGlobal":{"subMenuItemTitle":""}}