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The concept of server administration includes a web server, a PostgreSQL server or a MySQL server, mail services, etc.) Our company administers servers running on Unix (Linux/FreeBSD) similar operating systems.","og:title":"Administration of Linux server","og:description":"<p>It depends on the initial setup of the server. The concept of server administration includes a web server, a PostgreSQL server or a MySQL server, mail services, etc.) Our company administers servers running on Unix (Linux/FreeBSD) similar operating systems.","og:image":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/content/logo-itfb-new_02.jpg"},"eventUrl":"","translationId":3214,"dealDetails":null,"roi":null,"price":null,"bonusForReference":null,"templateData":[],"testingArea":"","categories":[{"id":685,"title":"Database Administration","alias":"database-administration","description":" Database administration refers to the whole set of activities performed by a database administrator to ensure that a database is always available as needed. Other closely related tasks and roles are database security, database monitoring and troubleshooting, and planning for future growth.\r\nDatabase administration is an important function in any organization that is dependent on one or more databases.\r\nThe database administrator (DBA) is usually a dedicated role in the IT department for large organizations. However, many smaller companies that cannot afford a full-time DBA usually outsource or contract the role to a specialized vendor, or merge the role with another in the ICT department so that both are performed by one person.\r\nThe primary role of database administration is to ensure maximum up time for the database so that it is always available when needed. This will typically involve proactive periodic monitoring and troubleshooting. This in turn entails some technical skills on the part of the DBA. In addition to in-depth knowledge of the database in question, the DBA will also need knowledge and perhaps training in the platform (database engine and operating system) on which the database runs.\r\nA DBA is typically also responsible for other secondary, but still critically important, tasks and roles. Some of these include:\r\n<ul><li>Database Security: Ensuring that only authorized users have access to the database and fortifying it against any external, unauthorized access.</li><li>Database Tuning: Tweaking any of several parameters to optimize performance, such as server memory allocation, file fragmentation and disk usage.</li><li>Backup and Recovery: It is a DBA's role to ensure that the database has adequate backup and recovery procedures in place to recover from any accidental or deliberate loss of data.</li><li>Producing Reports from Queries: DBAs are frequently called upon to generate reports by writing queries, which are then run against the database.</li></ul>\r\nIt is clear from all the above that the database administration function requires technical training and years of experience. Some companies that offer commercial database products, such as Oracle DB and Microsoft's SQL Server, also offer certifications for their specific products. These industry certifications, such as Oracle Certified Professional (OCP) and Microsoft Certified Database Administrator (MCDBA), go a long way toward assuring organizations that a DBA is indeed thoroughly trained on the product in question. Because most relational database products today use the SQL language, knowledge of SQL commands and syntax is also a valuable asset for today's DBAs.","materialsDescription":" <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Data Resource Management</span>\r\nAccording to the Data Management Association (DAMA), data resource management is "the development and execution of architectures, policies, practices and procedures that properly manage the full data lifecycle needs of an enterprise". Data Resource management may be thought of as a managerial activity that applies information system and other data management tools to the task of managing an organization’s data resource to meet a company’s business needs, and the information they provide to their shareholders. From the perspective of database design, it refers to the development and maintenance of data models to facilitate data sharing between different systems, particularly in a corporate context. Data Resource Management is also concerned with both data quality and compatibility between data models.\r\nSince the beginning of the information age, businesses need all types of data on their business activity. With each data created, when a business transaction is made, need data is created. With these data, new direction is needed that focuses on managing data as a critical resource of the organization to directly support its business activities. The data resource must be managed with the same intensity and formality that other critical resources are managed. Organizations must emphasize the information aspect of information technology, determine the data needed to support the business, and then use appropriate technology to build and maintain a high-quality data resource that provides that support.\r\nData resource quality is a measure of how well the organization's data resource supports the current and the future business information demand of the organization. The data resource cannot support just the current business information demand while sacrificing the future business information demand. It must support both the current and the future business information demand. The ultimate data resource quality is stability across changing business needs and changing technology.\r\nA corporate data resource must be developed within single, organization-wide common data architecture. A data architecture is the science and method of designing and constructing a data resource that is business driven, based on real-world objects and events as perceived by the organization, and implemented into appropriate operating environments. It is the overall structure of a data resource that provides a consistent foundation across organizational boundaries to provide easily identifiable, readily available, high-quality data to support the business information demand.\r\nThe common data architecture is a formal, comprehensive data architecture that provides a common context within which all data at an organization's disposal are understood and integrated. It is subject oriented, meaning that it is built from data subjects that represent business objects and business events in the real world that are of interest to the organization and about which data are captured and maintained.","iconURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/icon_Database_Administration.png"},{"id":691,"title":"UNIX Administration","alias":"unix-administration","description":" Unix was originally meant to be a convenient platform for programmers developing software to be run on it and on other systems, rather than for non-programmers. The system grew larger as the operating system started spreading in academic circles, and as users added their own tools to the system and shared them with colleagues.\r\nAt first, Unix was not designed to be portable or for multi-tasking. Later, Unix gradually gained portability, multi-tasking and multi-user capabilities in a time-sharing configuration. Unix systems are characterized by various concepts: the use of plain text for storing data; a hierarchical file system; treating devices and certain types of inter-process communication (IPC) as files; and the use of a large number of software tools, small programs that can be strung together through a command-line interpreter using pipes, as opposed to using a single monolithic program that includes all of the same functionality. These concepts are collectively known as the "Unix philosophy". Brian Kernighan and Rob Pike summarize this in The Unix Programming Environment as "the idea that the power of a system comes more from the relationships among programs than from the programs themselves".\r\nIn an era when a standard computer consisted of a hard disk for storage and a data terminal for input and output (I/O), the Unix file model worked quite well, as I/O was generally linear. In the 1980s, non-blocking I/O and the set of inter-process communication mechanisms were augmented with Unix domain sockets, shared memory, message queues, and semaphores, as well as network sockets to support communication with other hosts. As graphical user interfaces developed, the file model proved inadequate to the task of handling asynchronous events such as those generated by a mouse.\r\nBy the early 1980s, users began seeing Unix as a potential universal operating system, suitable for computers of all sizes. The Unix environment and the client–server program model were essential elements in the development of the Internet and the reshaping of computing as centered in networks rather than in individual computers.\r\nBoth Unix and the C programming language were developed by AT&T and distributed to government and academic institutions, which led to both being ported to a wider variety of machine families than any other operating system.\r\nThe Unix operating system consists of many libraries and utilities along with the master control program, the kernel. The kernel provides services to start and stop programs, handles the file system and other common "low-level" tasks that most programs share, and schedules access to avoid conflicts when programs try to access the same resource or device simultaneously. To mediate such access, the kernel has special rights, reflected in the distinction of kernel space from user space, the latter being a priority realm where most application programs operate. ","materialsDescription":" <span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">What is Unix?</span>\r\nUnix is a family of multitasking, multiuser computer operating systems that derive from the original AT&T Unix, development starting in the 1970s at the Bell Labs research center by Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie, and others.\r\nInitially intended for use inside the Bell System, AT&T licensed Unix to outside parties in the late 1970s, leading to a variety of both academic and commercial Unix variants from vendors including University of California, Berkeley (BSD), Microsoft (Xenix), IBM (AIX), and Sun Microsystems (Solaris). In the early 1990s, AT&T sold its rights in Unix to Novell, which then sold its Unix business to the Santa Cruz Operation (SCO) in 1995. The UNIX trademark passed to The Open Group, a neutral industry consortium, which allows the use of the mark for certified operating systems that comply with the Single UNIX Specification (SUS).\r\nUnix systems are characterized by a modular design that is sometimes called the "Unix philosophy": the operating system provides a set of simple tools that each performs a limited, well-defined function, with a unified filesystem (the Unix filesystem) as the main means of communication, and a shell scripting and command language (the Unix shell) to combine the tools to perform complex workflows. Unix distinguishes itself from its predecessors as the first portable operating system: almost the entire operating system is written in the C programming language, thus allowing Unix to reach numerous platforms.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What are the benefits of Unix?</span>\r\n<ul><li><span style=\"font-style: italic;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Multitasking by making use of protected memory</span></span></li></ul>\r\nIt helps in multitasking with the help of a protected memory. There are a number of users present and each of these users will be able to run numerous different programs. These programs will not at all interfere with each other and will also not crash the system.\r\nWhen you need help with your assignments make sure that you take UNIX assignment help services from a recognized company.\r\n<ul><li><span style=\"font-style: italic;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">It has a virtual memory that is very efficient</span></span></li></ul>\r\nThis operating system also has a virtual memory that is highly efficient and so there are a number of programs that can run with a proper amount of the physical memory.\r\nIn case you get stuck in the middle of your homework then do take UNIX homework help from one of the best and the most recognized organizations.\r\n<ul><li><span style=\"font-style: italic;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Accesses control as well as security</span></span></li></ul>\r\nIt accesses both security as well as control. It is important that all the users are authenticated by a proper account as well as the password in order to make use of the system. All the files that are there are owned by certain accounts. It will be the owners who will decide as to whether the users will be able to access the account.\r\nTaking UNIX homework help from a renowned organization will certainly be a very good choice.\r\n<ul><li><span style=\"font-style: italic;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">It is a powerfully united file system</span></span></li></ul>\r\nUNIX is a file system that is very powerfully united and everything here is considered to be a file.\r\n<ul><li><span style=\"font-style: italic;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Lean kernel that will make use of the basics:</span></span></li></ul>\r\nIt is a lean kernel that will make use of the basics but will never interfere in case there is something unusual.\r\n<ul><li><span style=\"font-style: italic;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Portable operating system</span></span></li></ul>\r\nThey are also available in a number of machines and they also have an operating system that is portable.\r\n<ul><li><span style=\"font-style: italic;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Helps in proper development of the product</span></span></li></ul>\r\nThey are also optimized in a way so that the programs are properly developed.","iconURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/icon_UNIX_Administration.png"},{"id":693,"title":"Linux Administration","alias":"linux-administration","description":" Linux is an operating system or a kernel created by Linus Torvalds with other contributors. It was first released on September 17, 1991. The main advantage of Linux is that it is distributed under an open-source license means programmers can use the Linux Kernel to design their own custom operating systems. Most of Linux code is written in C Programming Language.\r\nSome of the most popular operating systems that use Linux as kernel are Debian, Knoppix, Ubuntu, and Fedora. Nevertheless, the list does not end here as there are thousands of operating systems based on Linux which offer a variety of functions to the users.\r\nSystem Administration has become a solid criterion for an organization and institute that requires a solid IT foundation. Hence, the need for efficient Linux administrators is the requirement of the time. The job profile might change from each organization as there may be added responsibilities and duties to the role. The main role of the Linux Systems Administrator is to manage the operations like install, observe the software and hardware systems and taking backup. And also have a good ability to describe an In-depth understanding of technical knowledge. Even freshman-level Professionals has great possibilities for the position of System Administrator with the yearly median salary is around INR 3 Lacs, salary increase with an increase in job experience.","materialsDescription":" <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What Is Linux?</span>\r\nLinux is the kernel of operating systems that look like and perform as well or better than the famous operating system from AT&T Bell Labs. Linus Torvalds and a loosely-knit team of volunteer hackers from across the Internet wrote (and still are writing) Linux from scratch. It has all of the features of a modern, fully-fledged operating system: true multitasking, threads, virtual memory, shared libraries, demand loading, shared, copy-on-write executables, proper memory management, loadable device driver modules, video frame buffering, and TCP/IP networking.\r\nMost people, however, refer to the operating system kernel, system software, and application software, collectively, as "Linux,'' and that convention is used in this FAQ as well.\r\nLinux was written originally for 386/486/586-based PC's, using the hardware facilities of the 80386 processor family to implement its features. There are now many ports to other hardware platforms.\r\nThere are also Linux distributions specifically for mobile and handheld platforms. An API specification and developers kit for the Crusoe Smart Microprocessor developed by Transmeta Corporation is at <link http://www.transmeta.com/>http://www.transmeta.com/</link> The Linux kernel is distributed under the GNU General Public License.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What Hardware Is Supported?</span>\r\nA minimal Linux installation requires a machine for which a port exists, at least 2Mb of RAM, and a single floppy drive. But to do anything even remotely useful, more RAM and disk space are needed.\r\nIntel CPU, PC-compatible machines require at least an 80386 processor to run the standard Linux kernel. Linux, including the X Window System GUI, runs on most current laptops.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What are the duties of a Linux Administrator?</span>\r\nSystem Administration has become a solid criterion for an organization and institute that requires a solid IT foundation. Hence, the need for efficient Linux administrators is the requirement of the time. The job profile might change from each organization as there may be added responsibilities and duties to the role. Below are some duties of a Linux Administrator:\r\n<ul><li>Maintain all internet requests inclusive to DNS, RADIUS, Apache, MySQL, PHP.</li><li>Taking regular back up of data, create new stored procedures and listing back-up is one of the duties.</li><li>Analyzing all error logs and fixing along with providing excellent customer support for Webhosting, ISP and LAN Customers on troubleshooting increased support troubles.</li><li>Communicating with the staff, vendors, and customers in a cultivated, professional manner at all times has to be one of his characteristics.</li><li>Enhance, maintain and creating the tools for the Linux environment and its users.</li><li>Detecting and solving the service problems ranging from disaster recovery to login problems.</li><li>Installing the necessary systems and security tools. Working with the Data Network Engineer and other personnel/departments to analyze hardware requirements and makes acquiring recommendations.</li><li>Troubleshoot, when the problem occurs in the server.</li></ul>","iconURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/icon_Linux_Administration.png"},{"id":697,"title":"Backup Administration","alias":"backup-administration","description":" Nowadays, information, along with human capital, is the most valuable asset of every enterprise. The backup system administration is an integral part of data and IT system security structure. It is the backup process quality and method that determine whether in the case of a system failure or data loss it will be possible to maintain functionality and continuity of the enterprise’s operations. This is why careful creation of backup copies is so important.\r\nCreating backup copies may be burdensome and very expensive and time-consuming when you do it all by yourself. On the other hand, the automation of the process introduces a range of improvements, saves time and eliminate the risk of data loss. The copies are created automatically and are protected against interference by third parties. The network administrator is capable of remote backup system management, validity monitoring of created copies as well as retrieving lost information.","materialsDescription":" <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">The need for backup: when will help out the backup scheme?</span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Data corruption</span>\r\nThe need to create a backup is most obvious in the case when your data may undergo damage - physical destruction or theft of the carrier, virus attack, accidental and/or illegal changes, etc.\r\nA working backup plan will allow you to return your data in the event of any failure or accident without the cost and complexity.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Copying information, creating mirrors</span>\r\nA less obvious option for using the backup scheme is to automatically create copies of data not for storage, but for use: cloning and mirroring databases, web sites, work projects, etc.\r\nThe backup scheme does not define what, where and why to copy - use backup as a cloning tool.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Test, training and debugging projects</span>\r\nA special case of data cloning is the creation of a copy of working information in order to debug, improve or study its processing system. You can create a copy of your website or database using the backup instructions to make and debug any changes.\r\nThe need for backing up training and debugging versions of information is all the more high because the changes you make often lead to data loss.","iconURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/icon_Backup_Administration.png"},{"id":703,"title":"Website Administration","alias":"website-administration","description":"Web administration is the practice of keeping a website running efficiently and securely. Responsibility for the website is managed by the website administrator or webmaster, whose job is to perform the many daily tasks required to maintain a website. Website administrators plan and perform website enhancements and manage website content. They build web pages, fix bugs, and perform system upgrades. Website administration also involves managing user accounts, web software, web servers, web security, log analysis, content, and more.\r\nSecurity is probably the most important part of web administration. If your web server is not secure, it can become a source for hackers to use to attack your customers directly, or bring down your site, or take even more malicious actions against your business.","materialsDescription":" <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What Does a Website Administrator Do?</span>\r\nWebsite administrators, also known as webmasters, web developers or network and computer system administrators, are responsible for all aspects of keeping website content and design fresh, backed up, and fully functional. They typically work closely with clients to make sure they understand how they want their websites to look and function. Depending on their specific role, they may also be responsible for making sure local networks are functioning properly as well. The following chart provides an overview of the education, job outlook and average salaries in this field.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What is a Website Administrator?</span>\r\nAlthough sometimes called upon to create websites, the main responsibility of administrators is to maintain, back up and update existing websites for organizations. A website administrator would be responsible for making sure the site's user interface is easy to understand and efficient. He would ensure that all websites are operating securely and at optimum speeds. Approval of the content and links within the website might be part of his job description, and he will be responsible for evaluating each website's analytics, such as user feedback and traffic.","iconURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/icon_Website_Administration.png"}],"characteristics":[],"concurentProducts":[],"jobRoles":[],"organizationalFeatures":[],"complementaryCategories":[],"solutions":[],"materials":[],"useCases":[],"best_practices":[],"values":[],"implementations":[]},"devops":{"id":3108,"logoURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/content/logo-itfb-new_03.jpg","logo":true,"scheme":false,"title":"ITFB DevOps","vendorVerified":0,"rating":"0.00","implementationsCount":0,"suppliersCount":0,"supplierPartnersCount":0,"alias":"devops","companyTitle":"ITFB","companyTypes":["supplier"],"companyId":1739,"companyAlias":"itfb","description":"DevOps Engineer is responsible for any automation of tasks related to setting up and deploying applications. On his shoulders falls and monitoring software. To solve these problems, he uses various configuration management systems, virtualization solutions and cloud-based tools for balancing resources.\r\nDevOps is a software engineering methodology that aims to create active interaction and integration between administrators, testers, and programmers for synchronous maintenance of a common service or product. DevOps was developed to create a single cycle, where there will be close links between development, operation and software deployment. This methodology is aimed at simplifying the work of companies or services because with its help you can quickly and easily create or produce the necessary updates of software products or services, while they can operate in real time and when creating a new product.","shortDescription":"DevOps Engineer is responsible for any automation of tasks related to setting up and deploying applications.","type":null,"isRoiCalculatorAvaliable":false,"isConfiguratorAvaliable":false,"bonus":100,"usingCount":1,"sellingCount":2,"discontinued":0,"rebateForPoc":0,"rebate":0,"seo":{"title":"ITFB DevOps","keywords":"","description":"DevOps Engineer is responsible for any automation of tasks related to setting up and deploying applications. On his shoulders falls and monitoring software. To solve these problems, he uses various configuration management systems, virtualization solutions and","og:title":"ITFB DevOps","og:description":"DevOps Engineer is responsible for any automation of tasks related to setting up and deploying applications. On his shoulders falls and monitoring software. To solve these problems, he uses various configuration management systems, virtualization solutions and","og:image":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/content/logo-itfb-new_03.jpg"},"eventUrl":"","translationId":3178,"dealDetails":null,"roi":null,"price":null,"bonusForReference":null,"templateData":[],"testingArea":"","categories":[{"id":32,"title":"IT outsourcing","alias":"it-outsourcing","description":"<span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">IT outsourcing</span> is the use of external service providers to effectively deliver IT-enabled business process, application service and infrastructure solutions for business outcomes.\r\nOutsourcing, which also includes utility services, software as a service and cloud-enabled outsourcing, helps clients to develop the right sourcing strategies and vision, select the right IT service providers, structure the best possible contracts, and govern deals for sustainable win-win relationships with external providers.\r\nOutsourcing can enable enterprises to reduce costs, accelerate time to market, and take advantage of external expertise, assets and/or intellectual property. IT outsourcing can be implemented both ways: outsides or within the country. \r\nIT outsourcing vendors can provide either a fully managed service, meaning they take full responsibility of all IT maintenance and support, or they can provide additional support for an internal IT team when needed, which is known as co-sourced IT support. A company using IT outsourcing can choose to use one provider for all their IT functions or split the work among multiple providers. \r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Specific IT services typically outsourced include:</span>\r\n<ul><li>Application development</li><li>Web hosting</li><li>Application support</li><li>Database development</li><li>Telecommunications</li><li>Networking</li><li>Disaster recovery</li><li>Security</li></ul>\r\n<p class=\"align-center\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Reasons for Outsourcing</span></p>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">To Reduce Cost.</span> More often than not, outsourcing means saving money. This is often due to lower labor costs, cheaper infrastructure, or an advantageous tax system in the outsourcing location.<br /><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">To Access Skills That Are Unavailable Locally.</span> Resources that are scarce at home can sometimes be found in abundance elsewhere, meaning you can easily reach them through outsourcing.<br /><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">To Better Use Internal Resources</span>. By delegating some of your business processes to a third party, you’ll give your in-house employees the opportunity to focus on more meaningful tasks.<br /><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">To Accelerate Business Processes.</span> When you stop wasting time on mundane, time-consuming processes, you’ll be able to move forward with your core offering a lot faster.<br /><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">To Share Risks.</span> When you delegate a part of non-focus functionality by outsourcing it to a third-party vendor, you give away the responsibility and related risks.","materialsDescription":"<h3 class=\"align-center\">What are the Types of IT Outsourcing?</h3>\r\n<p class=\"align-left\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Project-Based Model.</span> The client hires a team to implement the part of work that is already planned and defined. The project manager from the outsourced team carries full responsibility for the quality and performance of the project.</p>\r\n<p class=\"align-left\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Dedicated Team Model.</span> The client hires a team that will create a project for them, and they will work only on that project. Unlike the project-based model, a dedicated team is more engaged in your project. In this model, an outsourced team becomes your technical and product advisor. So it can offer ideas and suggest alternative solutions.</p>\r\n<p class=\"align-left\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Outstaff Model.</span> It's a type of outsourcing in IT when you don't need a full-fledged development team and hire separate specialists. Sometimes the project requires finding a couple of additional professionals, and you're free to hire outstaff workers to cover that scope of work.</p>\r\n<h3 class=\"align-center\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">What are IT Outsourcing examples?</span></h3>\r\nThe individual or company that becomes your outsourcing partner can be located anywhere in the world — one block away from your office or on another continent.\r\nA Bay Area-based startup partnering with an app development team in Utah and a call center in the Philippines, or a UK-based digital marketing agency hiring a Magento developer from Ukraine are both examples of outsourcing.\r\n<h3 class=\"align-center\">Why You Should Use IT Outsourcing</h3>\r\nNow that you know what IT outsourcing is, its models, and types, it's time to clarify why you need to outsource and whether you really need it. Let's go over a few situations that suggest when to opt for IT outsourcing.\r\n<ul><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">You are a domain expert with idea</span></li></ul>\r\nIf you're an industry expert with the idea that solves a real problem, IT outsourcing is your choice. In this case, your main goal is to enter the market and test the solution fast. An outsourced team will help you validate the idea, build an MVP to check the hypothesis, and implement changes in your product according to market needs. It saves you money, time and lets you reach the goal.\r\n<ul><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">You have an early-stage startup</span></li></ul>\r\nIt's a common case that young startups spend money faster than they get a solid team and a ready-to-market product. The Failory found that financial problems are the 3rd reason why startup fails. So it makes more sense to reduce costs by hiring an outsourced team of professionals while your business lives on investor's money. You may employ a full-cycle product development studio covering all the blind spots and bringing your product to life.\r\n<ul><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">You need a technical support</span></li></ul>\r\nEven if you already have a ready solution, but it demands some technical improvements – frameworks for backend components, new language, integrations with enterprise software, UX&UI design – it makes more sense to find an experienced partner. There are many functions that IT outsourcing can cover, and again it saves you the time you'd otherwise spend on looking for qualified staff.<br /><br /><br />","iconURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/icon_IT_outsourcing.png"},{"id":707,"title":"Software Development Project Managements","alias":"software-development-project-managements","description":" Software project management is an art and science of planning and leading software projects. It is a sub-discipline of project management in which software projects are planned, implemented, monitored and controlled.\r\nA software development process is concerned primarily with the production aspect of software development, as opposed to the technical aspect, such as software tools. These processes exist primarily for supporting the management of software development, and are generally skewed toward addressing business concerns. Many software development processes can be run in a similar way to general project management processes. Examples are:<br /><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Interpersonal communication and conflict management and resolution.</span> Active, frequent and honest communication is the most important factor in increasing the likelihood of project success and mitigating problematic projects. The development team should seek end-user involvement and encourage user input in the development process. Not having users involved can lead to misinterpretation of requirements, insensitivity to changing customer needs, and unrealistic expectations on the part of the client. Software developers, users, project managers, customers and project sponsors need to communicate regularly and frequently. The information gained from these discussions allows the project team to analyze the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) and to act on that information to benefit from opportunities and to minimize threats. Even bad news may be good if it is communicated relatively early, because problems can be mitigated if they are not discovered too late. For example, casual conversation with users, team members, and other stakeholders may often surface potential problems sooner than formal meetings. All communications need to be intellectually honest and authentic, and regular, frequent, high quality criticism of development work is necessary, as long as it is provided in a calm, respectful, constructive, non-accusatory, non-angry fashion. Frequent casual communications between developers and end-users, and between project managers and clients, are necessary to keep the project relevant, useful and effective for the end-users, and within the bounds of what can be completed. Effective interpersonal communication and conflict management and resolution are the key to software project management. No methodology or process improvement strategy can overcome serious problems in communication or mismanagement of interpersonal conflict. Moreover, outcomes associated with such methodologies and process improvement strategies are enhanced with better communication. The communication must focus on whether the team understands the project charter and whether the team is making progress towards that goal. End-users, software developers and project managers must frequently ask the elementary, simple questions that help identify problems before they fester into near-disasters. While end-user participation, effective communication and teamwork are not sufficient, they are necessary to ensure a good outcome, and their absence will almost surely lead to a bad outcome.<br /><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Risk management</span> is the process of measuring or assessing risk and then developing strategies to manage the risk. In general, the strategies employed include transferring the risk to another party, avoiding the risk, reducing the negative effect of the risk, and accepting some or all of the consequences of a particular risk. Risk management in software project management begins with the business case for starting the project, which includes a cost-benefit analysis as well as a list of fallback options for project failure, called a contingency plan.<br /><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Requirements management</span> is the process of identifying, eliciting, documenting, analyzing, tracing, prioritizing and agreeing on requirements and then controlling change and communicating to relevant stakeholders. New or altered computer system Requirements management, which includes Requirements analysis, is an important part of the software engineering process; whereby business analysts or software developers identify the needs or requirements of a client; having identified these requirements they are then in a position to design a solution.<br /><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Change management</span> is the process of identifying, documenting, analyzing, prioritizing and agreeing on changes to scope (project management) and then controlling changes and communicating to relevant stakeholders. Change impact analysis of new or altered scope, which includes Requirements analysis at the change level, is an important part of the software engineering process; whereby business analysts or software developers identify the altered needs or requirements of a client; having identified these requirements they are then in a position to re-design or modify a solution. Theoretically, each change can impact the timeline and budget of a software project, and therefore by definition must include risk-benefit analysis before approval.<br /><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Software configuration management</span> is the process of identifying, and documenting the scope itself, which is the software product underway, including all sub-products and changes and enabling communication of these to relevant stakeholders. In general, the processes employed include version control, naming convention (programming), and software archival agreements.<br /><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Release management</span> is the process of identifying, documenting, prioritizing and agreeing on releases of software and then controlling the release schedule and communicating to relevant stakeholders. Most software projects have access to three software environments to which software can be released; Development, Test, and Production. In very large projects, where distributed teams need to integrate their work before releasing to users, there will often be more environments for testing, called unit testing, system testing, or integration testing, before release to User acceptance testing (UAT).\r\nAs a subdiscipline of project management, some regard the management of software development akin to the management of manufacturing, which can be performed by someone with management skills, but no programming skills. John C. Reynolds rebuts this view, and argues that software development is entirely design work, and compares a manager who cannot program to the managing editor of a newspaper who cannot write.","materialsDescription":" <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What is a software project?</span>\r\nA software development project is a complex undertaking by two or more persons within the boundaries of time, budget, and staff resources that produce new or enhanced computer code that adds significant business value to a new or existing business process.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What does a software development project manager do?</span>\r\nA software project manager is the most important person inside a team who takes the overall responsibilities to manage the software projects and plays an important role in the successful completion of the projects. A project manager has to face many difficult situations to accomplish these works.","iconURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/icon_Software_Development_Project_Managements.png"},{"id":737,"title":"IT System Testing","alias":"it-system-testing","description":" System testing is testing conducted on a complete integrated system to evaluate the system's compliance with its specified requirements.\r\nSystem testing takes, as its input, all of the integrated components that have passed integration testing. The purpose of integration testing is to detect any inconsistencies between the units that are integrated together (called assemblages). System testing seeks to detect defects both within the "inter-assemblages" and also within the system as a whole. The actual result is the behavior produced or observed when a component or system is tested.\r\nSystem testing is performed on the entire system in the context of either functional requirement specifications (FRS) or system requirement specification (SRS), or both. System testing tests not only the design but also the behavior and even the believed expectations of the customer. It is also intended to test up to and beyond the bounds defined in the software or hardware requirements specification(s).\r\nSoftware testing is an investigation conducted to provide stakeholders with information about the quality of the software product or service under test. Software testing can also provide an objective, independent view of the software to allow the business to appreciate and understand the risks of software implementation. Software testing involves the execution of a software component or system component to evaluate one or more properties of interest. In general, these properties indicate the extent to which the component or system under test meets the requirements that guided its design and development, responds correctly to all kinds of inputs, performs its functions within an acceptable time, is sufficiently usable, can be installed and run in its intended environments, and achieves the general result its stakeholders desire. As the number of possible tests for even simple software components is practically infinite, all software testing uses some strategy to select tests that are feasible for the available time and resources.\r\nMobile-device testing assures the quality of mobile devices, like mobile phones, PDAs, etc. The testing will be conducted on both hardware and software. And from the view of different procedures, the testing comprises R&D testing, factory testing and certification testing. Mobile-device testing involves a set of activities from monitoring and troubleshooting mobile applications, content and services on real handsets. Testing includes verification and validation of hardware devices and software applications.","materialsDescription":" <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What is System Testing?</span>\r\nSystem Testing is the testing of a complete and fully integrated software product. Usually, the software is only one element of a larger computer-based system. Ultimately, the software is interfaced with other software/hardware systems. System Testing is actually a series of different tests whose sole purpose is to exercise the full computer-based system.\r\nTwo Category of Software Testing:\r\n<ul><li>Black Box Testing;</li><li>White Box Testing.</li></ul>\r\nSystem test falls under the black box testing category of software testing.\r\nWhite box testing is the testing of the internal workings or code of a software application. In contrast, black box or System Testing is the opposite. The system test involves the external workings of the software from the user's perspective.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What do you verify in System Testing?</span>\r\nSystem Testing involves testing the software code for following:\r\n<ul><li>Testing the fully integrated applications including external peripherals in order to check how components interact with one another and with the system as a whole. This is also called End to End testing scenario.</li><li>Verify thorough testing of every input in the application to check for desired outputs.</li><li>Testing of the user's experience with the application.</li></ul>\r\nThat is a very basic description of what is involved in system testing. You need to build detailed test cases and test suites that test each aspect of the application as seen from the outside without looking at the actual source code.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What Types of System Testing Should Testers Use?</span>\r\nThere are over 50 different types of system testing. The specific types used by a tester depend on several variables. Those variables include:\r\n<ul><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Who the tester works for</span> - This is a major factor in determining the types of system testing a tester will use. Methods used by large companies are different than those used by medium and small companies.</li><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Time available for testing</span> - Ultimately, all 50 testing types could be used. Time is often what limits us to using only the types that are most relevant for the software project.</li><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Resources available to the tester</span> - Of course some testers will not have the necessary resources to conduct a testing type. For example, if you are a tester working for a large software development firm, you are likely to have expensive automated testing software not available to others.</li><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Software Tester's Education</span> - There is a certain learning curve for each type of software testing available. To use some of the software involved, a tester has to learn how to use it.</li><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Testing Budget</span> - Money becomes a factor not just for smaller companies and individual software developers but large companies as well.</li></ul>","iconURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/icon_IT_System_testing.png"},{"id":735,"title":"Installation and configuration","alias":"installation-and-configuration","description":" Installation or setup is the act of making the system or program ready for execution. Because the process varies for each program and each computer, programs (including operating systems) often come with an installer, a specialized program responsible for doing whatever is needed for their installation. The configuration is an arrangement of functional units according to their nature, number, and chief characteristics. Often, configuration pertains to the choice of hardware, software, firmware, settings, and documentation. The configuration affects system function and performance.\r\nSome computer programs can be executed by simply copying them into a folder stored on a computer and executing them. Other programs are supplied in a form unsuitable for immediate execution and therefore need an installation procedure. Once installed, the program can be executed again and again, without the need to reinstall before each execution.\r\nCommon operations performed during software installations include:\r\n<ul><li>Making sure that necessary system requirements are met</li><li>Checking for existing versions of the software</li><li>Creating or updating program files and folders</li><li>Adding configuration data such as configuration files, Windows registry entries or environment variables</li><li>Making the software accessible to the user, for instance by creating links, shortcuts or bookmarks</li><li>Configuring components that run automatically, such as daemons or Windows services</li><li>Performing product activation</li><li>Updating the software versions</li></ul>\r\nThese operations may require some charges or be free of charge. In case of payment, installation costs means the costs connected and relevant to or incurred as a result of installing the drivers or the equipment in the customers' premises. ","materialsDescription":"<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What does "Installation" mean?</span>\r\nInstallation is the process of making hardware and/or software ready for use. Obviously, different systems require different types of installations. While certain installations are simple and straightforward and can be performed by non-professionals, others are more complex and time-consuming and may require the involvement of specialists.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">What does the "Configuration" mean?</span>\r\nThe way a system is set up, or the assortment of components that make up the system. Configuration can refer to either hardware or software, or the combination of both. For instance, a typical configuration for a PC consists of 32MB (megabytes) main memory, a floppy drive, a hard disk, a modem, a CD-ROM drive, a VGA monitor, and the Windows operating system.\r\nMany software products require that the computer have a certain minimum configuration. For example, the software might require a graphics display monitor and a video adapter, a particular microprocessor, and a minimum amount of main memory.\r\nWhen you install a new device or program, you sometimes need to configure it, which means to set various switches and jumpers (for hardware) and to define values of parameters (for software). For example, the device or program may need to know what type of video adapter you have and what type of printer is connected to the computer. Thanks to new technologies, such as plug-and-play, much of this configuration is performed automatically.","iconURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/icon_Installation_and_configuration.png"},{"id":729,"title":"IT Project Deployment Services","alias":"it-project-deployment-services","description":" Companies invest in projects for the implementation of IT systems that are consistent with the organization's values, with the goal of realizing a business vision, stable support for operational activities, and gaining competitive advantages. In this regard, technological projects are becoming increasingly large-scale, affecting more departments of the organization, and pose a risk to the company if the operation of information systems is disrupted.\r\nThe introduction of new IT requires the project team to carry out at least two principal stages:\r\n<ul><li>pre-project analysis of the enterprise, when, with the help of specialists in the proposed IP and specialists of the enterprise, compliance and discrepancies between the system and its future use is revealed. As a result of the survey, ways to eliminate inconsistencies are determined based on the initial assessment of the required resources and time. The survey is conducted using questions and answers, to some extent formalized, and special software tools that allow you to describe the processes of the system and the enterprise and compare them visually. No changes take place at the enterprise unless individual employees are distracted from their direct duties, which is both a virtue and a disadvantage of this approach;</li><li>trial implementation carried out on the most characteristic site of work. Based on this test work, a general assessment of future implementation is determined and a fundamental decision is made on the use of IP.</li></ul>\r\nThere is a lot of confusion and substitution of the concept of “project team” with the idea of it as a “group”, “pack”, “family”, etc. There are several understandings that there is a modern “project team/group” and “integrated project team”, however, the fundamental characteristic of the team is that it does not exist outside the project. A team with all its human strengths and weaknesses is a necessary and inseparable element of any project. It is a developing element of the technology of the project and affects the project itself.\r\nThe project itself is not “done” - it is made by people, and where people are affected by the influence of biology, instincts, gender parameters, “conscious” and “unconscious”, etc. If people are in the organizational “system” (family, flock, group, team, etc.), systemic effects arise that should be foreseen in the formation of a set of people due to the competent selection, placement and development of the team in the right direction. This is not just an ordinary organizational question, but a question of the depth of understanding of the essence of the project, its management and the skill of the leader.","materialsDescription":" <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What is an IT project?</span>\r\nAn IT project is a project that includes work related to information technology.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What is information technology?</span>\r\nInformation technology is a technology aimed at the creation, development and support of information systems.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What are the main ideas underlying the project team model of an IT project?</span>\r\n<ul><li>interdependent and interrelated roles in a small group;</li><li>determination of the role, special mission and area of responsibility for each member of the project team;</li><li>distributed project management and responsibility;</li><li>each is focused on the success of the project and is set to work throughout the project cycle;</li><li>communication between project team members is a key success factor;</li><li>users and training staff are included in the project team;</li><li>parallel engineering - parallel work of all team members on a project.</li></ul>","iconURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/icon_IT_Project_Deployment_Services.png"},{"id":739,"title":"Deployment and Integration Services","alias":"deployment-and-integration-services","description":" The number of various solutions implemented by customers today is quite large. Often, the subsystems of the seemingly unified IT landscape are either weakly connected with each other, or the interaction between them is established in the mode of transferring files and data by mail or “from hand to hand”.\r\nWestern IT vendors, following a certain trend, offer the customer complete and unified solutions. Such blocks of subsystems solve a specific task and form separate IT centers, which also require the mutual integration of infrastructures. This, oddly enough, is even more difficult, as a complete solution does not allow to penetrate deeply and get access to the required information or control subsystems.\r\nNevertheless, the integration and interconnection of information flows can significantly simplify business processes and lead to an increase in the efficiency of interaction both inside and outside the company (with customers and partners).\r\nThe integration task itself is important for business, as it provides a qualitatively new level of services. This is especially important for companies where IT is the immediate tool for achieving business goals. But it is equally important to make integration optimal in the light of minimizing not only the cost of purchasing equipment and software but also preserving previous IT investments.","materialsDescription":" <span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">The main types of implementation and integration services offered by companies:</span>\r\n<ul><li>Designing IT architecture for integration solutions in the field of analytics, automation and monitoring of business processes;</li><li>Development and integration of network infrastructure subsystems, including scalable telecommunications equipment, server equipment and workstations;</li><li>Defining a single platform and developing a solution for integrating enterprise applications, data and business processes;</li><li>Implementation and maintenance of integrated integration solutions in the field of enterprise management (ERP-systems);</li><li>Implementation and maintenance of integration solutions in the field of accounting and analysis of sales and customer relations (CRM-system);</li><li>Implementation and maintenance of integration solutions in the field of accounting and financial analysis;</li><li>Impairment, testing and development of solutions for ensuring information security of a business.</li></ul>","iconURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/icon_Deployment_and_Integration_Services.png"},{"id":733,"title":"Technical Support","alias":"technical-support","description":" Technical support (often shortened to tech support) refers to services that entities provide to users of technology products or services. In general, technical support provide help regarding specific problems with a product or service, rather than providing training, provision or customization of product, or other support services. Most companies offer technical support for the services or products they sell, either included in the cost or for an additional fee. Technical support may be delivered over by phone, e-mail, live support software on a website, or other tool where users can log an incident. Larger organizations frequently have internal technical support available to their staff for computer-related problems. The Internet can also be a good source for freely available tech support, where experienced users help users find solutions to their problems. In addition, some fee-based service companies charge for premium technical support services.\r\nTechnical support may be delivered by different technologies depending on the situation. For example, direct questions can be addressed using telephone calls, SMS, Online chat, Support Forums, E-mail or Fax; basic software problems can be addressed over the telephone or, increasingly, by using remote access repair services; while more complicated problems with hardware may need to be dealt with in person.\r\nTechnical support is a range of services providing assistance with technology such as televisions, computers, and software, typically aiming to help the user with a specific problem.","materialsDescription":"<span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">What are the categories of technical support?</span>\r\n<span style=\"font-style: italic; \"><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Call in</span></span>\r\nThis type of technical support has been very common in the services industry.[citation needed] It is also known as "Time and Materials" (T&M) IT support.[citation needed] The customer pays for the materials (hard drive, memory, computer, digital devices, etc.) and also pays the technician based on the pre-negotiated rate when a problem occurs.\r\n<span style=\"font-style: italic; \"><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Block hours</span></span>\r\nBlock hours allow the client to purchase a number of hours upfront at an agreed price. While it is commonly used to offer a reduced hourly rate, it can also simply be a standard non-reduced rate, or represent a minimum fee charged to a client before providing service. The premise behind this type of support is that the customer has purchased a fixed number of hours to use either per month or year. This allows them the flexibility to use the hours as they please without doing the paperwork and the hassle of paying multiple bills.\r\n<span style=\"font-style: italic; \"><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Managed services</span></span>\r\nManaged services means a company will receive a list of well-defined services on an ongoing basis, with well-defined "response and resolution times" for a fixed rate or a flat fee. This can include things like 24/7 monitoring of servers, 24/7 help desk support for daily computer issues, and on-site visits by a technician when issues cannot be resolved remotely.[citation needed] Some companies also offer additional services like project management, backup and disaster recovery, and vendor management in the monthly price. The companies that offer this type of tech support are known as managed services providers.\r\n<span style=\"font-style: italic; \"><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Crowdsourced technical support</span></span>\r\nMany companies and organizations provide discussion boards for users of their products to interact; such forums allow companies to reduce their support costs without losing the benefit of customer feedback.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What is outsourcing technical support?</span>\r\nWith the increasing use of technology in modern times, there is a growing requirement to provide technical support. Many organizations locate their technical support departments or call centers in countries or regions with lower costs. Dell was amongst the first companies to outsource their technical support and customer service departments to India in 2001. There has also been a growth in companies specializing in providing technical support to other organizations. These are often referred to as MSPs (Managed Service Providers).\r\nFor businesses needing to provide technical support, outsourcing allows them to maintain a high availability of service. Such need may result from peaks in call volumes during the day, periods of high activity due to introduction of new products or maintenance service packs, or the requirement to provide customers with a high level of service at a low cost to the business. For businesses needing technical support assets, outsourcing enables their core employees to focus more on their work in order to maintain productivity. It also enables them to utilize specialized personnel whose technical knowledge base and experience may exceed the scope of the business, thus providing a higher level of technical support to their employees.","iconURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/icon_Technical_Support.png"},{"id":743,"title":"IT System documentation writing","alias":"it-system-documentation-writing","description":" Without the development of technical documentation, it is impossible to create any complex technical solution. High-quality documentation, that is, informative, complete and understandable, is the key to the success of products at all stages of its life cycle. Properly written documentation is the basis of the functionality and effectiveness of information systems. It is with its use that the processes of creating databases, developing software, selecting and configuring network and server software are carried out.\r\nMany organizations at the initial stages of creating and implementing technical solutions do not pay enough attention to this factor, which often prevents the entry of a new product to the market.\r\nWriting documentation requires the contractor to have specific knowledge and skills, certain experience and considerable labor costs.\r\nThe main task of the working documentation is to give a complete picture of how the system is structured, what it consists of and how it functions.\r\nThere is no single standard for the development of this type of documentation. In most cases, its structure is selected for a specific situation. But you can take any algorithm that has already proven its effectiveness as the basis.","materialsDescription":"<span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">What is software documentation?</span>\r\nSoftware documentation - printed user manuals, online (online) documentation and help text describing how to use the software product.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">What is process documentation?</span>\r\nA process document outlines the steps necessary to complete a task or process. It is internal, ongoing documentation of the process while it is occurring—documentation cares more about the “how” of implementation than the “what” of process impact.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What should be in the working documentation?</span>\r\nFirst of all, technical descriptions of implemented solutions. These are IT infrastructure diagrams, configuration descriptions, etc.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What does well-written working documentation give?</span>\r\n<ul><li>systematizes data on IT infrastructure;</li><li>helps to understand the system architecture and functioning of connected services;</li><li>facilitates management decisions (for example, shows which service can be removed or replaced and how it will be displayed on the whole system);</li><li>makes it possible to comprehensively evaluate the selected IT structure and, also, timely notice the mistakes made or holes in the architecture.</li></ul>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What are the key benefits of writing technical documentation?</span>\r\nThe development of documentation will allow you to:\r\n<ul><li>increase user satisfaction</li><li>reduce the load on the system administrator;</li><li>reduce system support costs.</li></ul>","iconURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/icon_IT_System_documentation_writing.png"},{"id":741,"title":"Proof of Concept","alias":"proof-of-concept","description":"Proof of concept (PoC) is a realization of a certain method or idea in order to demonstrate its feasibility, or a demonstration in principle with the aim of verifying that some concept or theory has practical potential. A proof of concept is usually small and may or may not be complete.\r\nProof of concept (POC) is used to test the idea of a certain technical feature or the general design of a product and prove that it is possible to apply those ideas.\r\nIt could be used to test something on just one part of the product before it is tried in practice with making a prototype.\r\nYou can think of this as a pre-prototype version of the product, but it is not even that since POC shouldn’t have all the features as the final product, not even as the prototype.\r\nThe main goal of POC is to prove that it is actually possible to develop that idea and include it as part of the final product.","materialsDescription":" <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What is a proof of concept?</span>\r\nProof of concept is the testing of the finished product based on the idea. Thus, this stage is the first phase in the design of the application. It explains how the project should work on the basis of a detailed description of requirements and specifications. The proof is the complete satisfaction of those functions that need to be realized. This approach makes it easier to hire developers for a startup in the future.\r\nIn order to confirm the concept in software development, it is necessary to determine the main tasks and perform the following steps:\r\n<ol><li>Identify project goals and methods for their implementation.</li><li>Receive feedback from users and customers.</li><li>Correct the idea and start implementing it.</li></ol>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Project goals and methods of implementation</span>\r\nBefore you start, you need to understand what goal will perform a project. A web project can be a large marketplace or social network with unique features and a convenient solution. Also, it may be a CRM system and help the business to increase sales or improve the accounting of business resources. One way or another, each platform has a specific purpose.\r\nThe next step is to build methods of achieving the goal. At this stage, it is important not to delve into the details, but to evaluate common elements. How the project will work, what functions will be implemented, how the web application will interact with users, etc. It is very important to consider each item and write it down in the report. In fact, this is a small brainstorm. Typically, it takes from a few days to a couple of weeks. When the implementation plan is completed, you can begin to collect feedback from future users.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Feedback from users and customers</span>\r\nWhen you have a ready document with a description of the project and the functions, then you need to get feedback from users or customers. Offer them your solution to a particular problem. Familiarize them with the implementation methods. You will receive many suggestions for improvement. At this point, some of your guesswork will be broken. It is important to listen and collect feedback. There is no need to hurry and change the concept or implement everything that future users are asking for. They don't have an expert evaluation and this is only their proposal.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Idea correction and implementation</span>\r\nIt is at this stage that the final proof of the concept takes place. Having received feedback, you can clearly understand how users will interact with your project. What emotions it will cause. It is necessary to understand that this is a preliminary evaluation of the concept. Some recommendations may not have value, as others can significantly affect the further development. Thus, based on the information received, it is necessary to consider what can be changed to make the project more convenient. If you received a lot of negative feedback, it makes sense to stop the development process. Or at least think about a new improved version. So, if you really decided to start the development, we recommend starting the design with MVP. The minimal version will allow us to develop the project in the shortest possible time and check the idea on real users.\r\nProof of the concept is one of the important stages in the development of complex and expensive projects. It allows with high probability to determine the value of the project even before the begins development. Typically, the process takes from a few days to a couple of weeks. It gives a clear idea of how the project will work and what functions it will perform. If you approach the feedback analysis process with a clean head, this step in the future can save you money and time.","iconURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/icon_Proof_of_Concept.png"}],"characteristics":[],"concurentProducts":[],"jobRoles":[],"organizationalFeatures":[],"complementaryCategories":[],"solutions":[],"materials":[],"useCases":[],"best_practices":[],"values":[],"implementations":[]},"itfb-software-development":{"id":2720,"logoURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/ITFB_logo.png","logo":true,"scheme":false,"title":"ITFB Software Development","vendorVerified":0,"rating":"1.00","implementationsCount":0,"suppliersCount":0,"supplierPartnersCount":0,"alias":"itfb-software-development","companyTitle":"ITFB","companyTypes":["supplier"],"companyId":1739,"companyAlias":"itfb","description":"ITFB (Information Technology For Business) provides a range of services for designing, implementing, supporting, auditing, optimizing and monitoring IT infrastructure, developing and maintaining web sites, consulting and consulting IT services.\r\nWe provide a complex of IT services, the list of which is continuously growing due to the development of advanced IT technologies and the implementation of popular IT solutions.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Our goals</span>\r\nIncrease profits and increase the competitiveness of our customers through the introduction of information technology and modern communications. We provide consulting services to improve the quality of your business.\r\nOur professional IT team will help your company become more efficient.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Own projects</span>\r\nWe are not standing still, but we are constantly developing and implementing new projects in the direction of hosting: hosting-cloud.com.ua, hosting 1C Cloud-1c.com.ua, implementing terminal technologies and selling thin client equipment to tonk.com.ua\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Innovative technologies</span>\r\nWe offer businesses new technologies based on infrastructure virtualization. This approach has several advantages:\r\n<ul><li>With the help of virtualization, it is possible to achieve a much more efficient and flexible use of resources, since it ensures the integration of standard infrastructure resources into a single pool.</li><li>Ensuring the continuous availability of the site through the migration of virtual environments entirely without interruptions in work, which allows to reduce the periods of planned downtime and ensure rapid recovery of the system in critical situations.</li><li>High flexibility and speed of response systems. Virtualization helps administrators spend less time doing repetitive tasks: maintenance, configuration, monitoring, etc.</li></ul>","shortDescription":"ITFB provides a range of services for the design, implementation, support, audit, optimization and monitoring of IT infrastructure, development and maintenance of web sites, consulting IT services.","type":null,"isRoiCalculatorAvaliable":false,"isConfiguratorAvaliable":false,"bonus":100,"usingCount":12,"sellingCount":4,"discontinued":0,"rebateForPoc":0,"rebate":0,"seo":{"title":"ITFB Software Development","keywords":"","description":"ITFB (Information Technology For Business) provides a range of services for designing, implementing, supporting, auditing, optimizing and monitoring IT infrastructure, developing and maintaining web sites, consulting and consulting IT services.\r\nWe provide a c","og:title":"ITFB Software Development","og:description":"ITFB (Information Technology For Business) provides a range of services for designing, implementing, supporting, auditing, optimizing and monitoring IT infrastructure, developing and maintaining web sites, consulting and consulting IT services.\r\nWe provide a c","og:image":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/ITFB_logo.png"},"eventUrl":"","translationId":2721,"dealDetails":null,"roi":null,"price":null,"bonusForReference":null,"templateData":[],"testingArea":"","categories":[{"id":32,"title":"IT outsourcing","alias":"it-outsourcing","description":"<span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">IT outsourcing</span> is the use of external service providers to effectively deliver IT-enabled business process, application service and infrastructure solutions for business outcomes.\r\nOutsourcing, which also includes utility services, software as a service and cloud-enabled outsourcing, helps clients to develop the right sourcing strategies and vision, select the right IT service providers, structure the best possible contracts, and govern deals for sustainable win-win relationships with external providers.\r\nOutsourcing can enable enterprises to reduce costs, accelerate time to market, and take advantage of external expertise, assets and/or intellectual property. IT outsourcing can be implemented both ways: outsides or within the country. \r\nIT outsourcing vendors can provide either a fully managed service, meaning they take full responsibility of all IT maintenance and support, or they can provide additional support for an internal IT team when needed, which is known as co-sourced IT support. A company using IT outsourcing can choose to use one provider for all their IT functions or split the work among multiple providers. \r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Specific IT services typically outsourced include:</span>\r\n<ul><li>Application development</li><li>Web hosting</li><li>Application support</li><li>Database development</li><li>Telecommunications</li><li>Networking</li><li>Disaster recovery</li><li>Security</li></ul>\r\n<p class=\"align-center\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Reasons for Outsourcing</span></p>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">To Reduce Cost.</span> More often than not, outsourcing means saving money. This is often due to lower labor costs, cheaper infrastructure, or an advantageous tax system in the outsourcing location.<br /><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">To Access Skills That Are Unavailable Locally.</span> Resources that are scarce at home can sometimes be found in abundance elsewhere, meaning you can easily reach them through outsourcing.<br /><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">To Better Use Internal Resources</span>. By delegating some of your business processes to a third party, you’ll give your in-house employees the opportunity to focus on more meaningful tasks.<br /><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">To Accelerate Business Processes.</span> When you stop wasting time on mundane, time-consuming processes, you’ll be able to move forward with your core offering a lot faster.<br /><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">To Share Risks.</span> When you delegate a part of non-focus functionality by outsourcing it to a third-party vendor, you give away the responsibility and related risks.","materialsDescription":"<h3 class=\"align-center\">What are the Types of IT Outsourcing?</h3>\r\n<p class=\"align-left\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Project-Based Model.</span> The client hires a team to implement the part of work that is already planned and defined. The project manager from the outsourced team carries full responsibility for the quality and performance of the project.</p>\r\n<p class=\"align-left\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Dedicated Team Model.</span> The client hires a team that will create a project for them, and they will work only on that project. Unlike the project-based model, a dedicated team is more engaged in your project. In this model, an outsourced team becomes your technical and product advisor. So it can offer ideas and suggest alternative solutions.</p>\r\n<p class=\"align-left\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Outstaff Model.</span> It's a type of outsourcing in IT when you don't need a full-fledged development team and hire separate specialists. Sometimes the project requires finding a couple of additional professionals, and you're free to hire outstaff workers to cover that scope of work.</p>\r\n<h3 class=\"align-center\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">What are IT Outsourcing examples?</span></h3>\r\nThe individual or company that becomes your outsourcing partner can be located anywhere in the world — one block away from your office or on another continent.\r\nA Bay Area-based startup partnering with an app development team in Utah and a call center in the Philippines, or a UK-based digital marketing agency hiring a Magento developer from Ukraine are both examples of outsourcing.\r\n<h3 class=\"align-center\">Why You Should Use IT Outsourcing</h3>\r\nNow that you know what IT outsourcing is, its models, and types, it's time to clarify why you need to outsource and whether you really need it. Let's go over a few situations that suggest when to opt for IT outsourcing.\r\n<ul><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">You are a domain expert with idea</span></li></ul>\r\nIf you're an industry expert with the idea that solves a real problem, IT outsourcing is your choice. In this case, your main goal is to enter the market and test the solution fast. An outsourced team will help you validate the idea, build an MVP to check the hypothesis, and implement changes in your product according to market needs. It saves you money, time and lets you reach the goal.\r\n<ul><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">You have an early-stage startup</span></li></ul>\r\nIt's a common case that young startups spend money faster than they get a solid team and a ready-to-market product. The Failory found that financial problems are the 3rd reason why startup fails. So it makes more sense to reduce costs by hiring an outsourced team of professionals while your business lives on investor's money. You may employ a full-cycle product development studio covering all the blind spots and bringing your product to life.\r\n<ul><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">You need a technical support</span></li></ul>\r\nEven if you already have a ready solution, but it demands some technical improvements – frameworks for backend components, new language, integrations with enterprise software, UX&UI design – it makes more sense to find an experienced partner. There are many functions that IT outsourcing can cover, and again it saves you the time you'd otherwise spend on looking for qualified staff.<br /><br /><br />","iconURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/icon_IT_outsourcing.png"},{"id":601,"title":"Custom Software Development","alias":"custom-software-development","description":" Custom software (also known as bespoke software or tailor-made software) is software that organization for some specific organization or another user. As such, it can be contrasted with the use of software packages developed for the mass market, such as commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) software, or existing free software.\r\nSince custom software is developed for a single customer it can accommodate that customer's particular preferences and expectations. Custom software may be developed in an iterative process, allowing all nuances and possible hidden risks to be taken into account, including issues which were not mentioned in the original requirement specifications (which are, as a rule, never perfect). In particular, the first phase in the software development process may involve many departments, materchode including marketing, engineering, research and development and general management.\r\nLarge companies commonly use custom software for critical functions, including content management, inventory management, customer management, human resource management, or otherwise to fill the gaps present in the existing software packages. Often such software is legacy software, developed before COTS or free software packages offering the required functionality became available.\r\nCustom software development is often considered expensive compared to off-the-shelf solutions or products. This can be true if one is speaking of typical challenges and typical solutions. However, it is not always true. In many cases, COTS software requires customization to correctly support the buyer's operations. The cost and delay of COTS customization can even add up to the expense of developing custom software. Cost is not the only consideration, however, as the decision to opt for custom software often includes the requirement for the purchaser to own the source code, to secure the possibility of future development or modifications to the installed system.\r\nAdditionally, COTS comes with upfront license costs which vary enormously but sometimes run into the millions (in terms of dollars). Furthermore, the big software houses that release COTS products revamp their product very frequently. Thus a particular customization may need to be upgraded for compatibility every two to four years. Given the cost of customization, such upgrades also turn out to be expensive, as a dedicated product release cycle will have to be earmarked for them.\r\nThe decision to build custom software or go for a COTS implementation would usually rest on one or more of the following factors:\r\n<ul><li>Finances - both cost and benefit: The upfront license cost for COTS products mean that a thorough cost-benefit analysis of the business case needs to be done. However it is widely known that large custom software projects cannot fix all three of scope, time/cost and quality constant, so either the cost or the benefits of a custom software project will be subject to some degree of uncertainty - even disregarding the uncertainty around the business benefits of a feature that is successfully implemented.</li><li>Supplier - In the case of COTS, is the supplier likely to remain in business long, and will there be adequate support and customization available? Alternatively, will there be a realistic possibility of getting support and customization from third parties? In the case of custom software, software development may be outsourced or done in-house. If it is outsourced, the question is: is the supplier reputable, and do they have a good track record?</li><li>Time to market: COTS products usually have a quicker time to market</li><li>Size of implementation: COTS comes with standardization of business processes and reporting. For a global or national organization, these can bring in gains in cost savings, efficiency and productivity, if the branch offices are all willing and able to use the same COTS without heavy customizations (which is not always a given).</li></ul>","materialsDescription":" <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Why is custom software such a large investment?</span>\r\nBuilding a custom web application is a time-consuming endeavor. It takes time to learn the processes of your business, to gather requirements, to flesh out your needs, and to build the software. Put simply, time is money.\r\nWhile it’s a large investment, by investing in custom software, you’ll own the code instead of having a long-term licensing agreement with another software company.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">How could my business benefit from custom software?</span>\r\nA custom business software solution increases process efficiency through process automation. When business processes are properly automated, they minimize the waste in time and resources that the original processes contained.\r\nThink of it this way: with software that already exists, you have to modify your process to meet software capabilities. With custom software, you can build a system around the existing processes you have in place. You took a lot of time to develop those processes, so why should you revamp your business?\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What is IP and how important is it that I own it?</span>\r\nIP stands for Intellectual Property. When you deal with anything creative, you have to think about copyright and the intellectual property on that work and that includes the creation of software code.\r\nThis gets back to the question of buying vs. building. If there is an existing solution that can suit your needs just fine, then it makes sense to buy, but the software developer owns the code and you are basically licensing the software from there. However, if you need a specialized solution that is customized to your needs and decide to go the custom development route, then the question of who owns the code is an important one.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">I’m thinking about hiring someone offshore; what should I watch out for?</span>\r\nIn short, everything. Language barriers and lack of proximity lead to breakdowns in communication and quality. Do yourself a favor and stay local.\r\nOn a related note, if you’re thinking about hiring for the position internally, think about this: it takes around three people to complete a successful custom software project. If you hire someone internally, their salary might cost what it would take to build with us, and you get a whole team when you work with us. Plus, if your software developer decides to leave, they take their knowledge with them. If one of our team members leave, our whole team shares the knowledge so you’re not left in the dark.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">If things don’t go well, am I sunk?</span>\r\nWe make communication and transparency are top priorities so this doesn’t happen. Right out of the gate we work hard to make sure that not only the project is a good fit, but the relationship with the client is as well. Through each step of the process and the build, we keep you in the loop weekly so you know what to expect and what is happening, but a good development company should have places in their process/relationship where you can cleanly exit. Make sure you know what the process is for leaving and what those different ‘leaving’ options are.","iconURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/icon_Custom_Software_Development.png"}],"characteristics":[],"concurentProducts":[],"jobRoles":[],"organizationalFeatures":[],"complementaryCategories":[],"solutions":[],"materials":[],"useCases":[],"best_practices":[],"values":[],"implementations":[]},"migracija-i-administrirovanie-aws":{"id":3106,"logoURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/content/logo-itfb-new_01.jpg","logo":true,"scheme":false,"title":"Миграция и администрирование AWS","vendorVerified":0,"rating":"0.00","implementationsCount":0,"suppliersCount":0,"supplierPartnersCount":0,"alias":"migracija-i-administrirovanie-aws","companyTitle":"ITFB","companyTypes":["supplier"],"companyId":1739,"companyAlias":"itfb","description":"<p><span style=\"color: #303133; font-family: sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\">Мы представляем весь спектр услуг по администрированию и поддержке разноплановых серверов на Амазон. Полноценная настройка, управление Амазон и интегрирование с внешними сервисами, Вы всегда найдете у нас, обращайтесь office@itfb.com.ua</span></span></p>","shortDescription":"Создание облачных и гибридных ИТ инфраструктур с использованием продуктов Amazon","type":null,"isRoiCalculatorAvaliable":false,"isConfiguratorAvaliable":false,"bonus":100,"usingCount":16,"sellingCount":2,"discontinued":0,"rebateForPoc":0,"rebate":0,"seo":{"title":"Миграция и администрирование AWS","keywords":"","description":"<p><span style=\"color: #303133; font-family: sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\">Мы представляем весь спектр услуг по администрированию и поддержке разноплановых серверов на Амазон. Полноценная настройка, управление Амазон и интегрирование ","og:title":"Миграция и администрирование AWS","og:description":"<p><span style=\"color: #303133; font-family: sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\">Мы представляем весь спектр услуг по администрированию и поддержке разноплановых серверов на Амазон. Полноценная настройка, управление Амазон и интегрирование ","og:image":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/content/logo-itfb-new_01.jpg"},"eventUrl":"","translationId":7197,"dealDetails":null,"roi":null,"price":null,"bonusForReference":null,"templateData":[],"testingArea":"","categories":[{"id":689,"title":"Amazon Web Services","alias":"amazon-web-services","description":"Amazon Web Services (AWS) is a subsidiary of Amazon that provides on-demand cloud computing platforms to individuals, companies and governments, on a metered pay-as-you-go basis. In aggregate, these cloud computing web services provide a set of primitive, abstract technical infrastructure and distributed computing building blocks and tools. One of these services is Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud, which allows users to have at their disposal a virtual cluster of computers, available all the time, through the Internet. AWS's version of virtual computers emulate most of the attributes of a real computer including hardware (CPU(s) & GPU(s) for processing, local/RAM memory, hard-disk/SSD storage); a choice of operating systems; networking; and pre-loaded application software such as web servers, databases, CRM, etc.\r\nThe AWS technology is implemented at server farms throughout the world, and maintained by the Amazon subsidiary. Fees are based on a combination of usage, the hardware/OS/software/networking features chosen by the subscriber, required availability, redundancy, security, and service options. Subscribers can pay for a single virtual AWS computer, a dedicated physical computer, or clusters of either. As part of the subscription agreement, Amazon provides security for subscribers' system. AWS operates from many global geographical regions including 6 in North America.\r\nIn 2017, AWS comprised more than 90 services spanning a wide range including computing, storage, networking, database, analytics, application services, deployment, management, mobile, developer tools, and tools for the Internet of Things. The most popular include Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) and Amazon Simple Storage Service (S3). Most services are not exposed directly to end users, but instead offer functionality through APIs for developers to use in their applications. Amazon Web Services' offerings are accessed over HTTP, using the REST architectural style and SOAP protocol.\r\nAmazon markets AWS to subscribers as a way of obtaining large scale computing capacity more quickly and cheaply than building an actual physical server farm. All services are billed based on usage, but each service measures usage in varying ways. As of 2017, AWS owns a dominant 34% of all cloud (IaaS, PaaS) while the next three competitors Microsoft, Google, and IBM have 11%, 8%, 6% respectively according to Synergy Group.","materialsDescription":"<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What is "Amazon Web Services" (AWS)?</span>\r\nWith Amazon Web Services (AWS), organizations can flexibly deploy storage space and computing capacity into Amazon's data centers without having to maintain their own hardware. A big advantage is that the infrastructure covers all dimensions for cloud computing. Whether it's video sharing, high-resolution photos, print data, or text documents, AWS can deliver IT resources on-demand, over the Internet, at a cost-per-use basis. The service exists since 2006 as a wholly owned subsidiary of Amazon Inc. The idea arose from the extensive experience with Amazon.com and the own need for platforms for web services in the cloud.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What is Cloud Computing?</span>\r\nCloud Computing is a service that gives you access to expert-managed technology resources. The platform in the cloud provides the infrastructure (eg computing power, storage space) that does not have to be installed and configured in contrast to the hardware you have purchased yourself. Cloud computing only pays for the resources that are used. For example, a web shop can increase its computing power in the Christmas business and book less in "weak" months.\r\nAccess is via the Internet or VPN. There are no ongoing investment costs after the initial setup, but resources such as Virtual servers, databases or storage services are charged only after they have been used.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Where is my data on Amazon AWS?</span>\r\nThere are currently eight Amazon Data Centers (AWS Regions) in different regions of the world. For each Amazon AWS resource, only the customer can decide where to use or store it. German customers typically use the data center in Ireland, which is governed by European law.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">How safe is my data on Amazon AWS?</span>\r\nThe customer data is stored in a highly secure infrastructure. Safety measures include, but are not limited to:\r\n<ul><li>Protection against DDos attacks (Distributed Denial of Service)</li><li>Defense against brute-force attacks on AWS accounts</li><li>Secure access: The access options are made via SSL.</li><li> Firewall: Output and access to the AWS data can be controlled.</li><li>Encrypted Data Storage: Data can be encrypted with Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) 256.</li><li>Certifications: Regular security review by independent certifications that AWS has undergone.</li></ul>\r\nEach Amazon data center (AWS region) consists of at least one Availability Zone. Availability Zones are stand-alone sub-sites that have been designed to be isolated from faults in other Availability Zones (independent power and data supply). Certain AWS resources, such as Database Services (RDS) or Storage Services (S3) automatically replicate your data within the AWS region to the different Availability Zones.\r\nAmazon AWS has appropriate certifications such as ISO27001 and has implemented a comprehensive security concept for the operation of its data center.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Do I have to worry about hardware on Amazon AWS?</span>\r\nNo, all Amazon AWS resources are virtualized. Only Amazon takes care of the replacement and upgrade of hardware.\r\nNormally, you will not get anything out of defective hardware because defective storage media are exchanged by Amazon and since your data is stored multiple times redundantly, there is usually no problem either.\r\nIncidentally, if your chosen resources do not provide enough performance, you can easily get more CPU power from resources by just a few mouse clicks. You do not have to install anything new, just reboot your virtual machine or virtual database instance.","iconURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/icon_Amazon_Web_Services.png"}],"characteristics":[],"concurentProducts":[],"jobRoles":[],"organizationalFeatures":[],"complementaryCategories":[],"solutions":[],"materials":[],"useCases":[],"best_practices":[],"values":[],"implementations":[]}},"aliases":{"1":["administration-of-linux-server","devops","itfb-software-development","migracija-i-administrirovanie-aws"]},"links":{"first":"http://apis.roi4cio.com/api/products?page=1","last":"http://apis.roi4cio.com/api/products?page=1","prev":null,"next":null},"meta":{"current_page":1,"from":1,"last_page":1,"path":"http://apis.roi4cio.com/api/products","per_page":20,"to":4,"total":4},"loading":false,"error":null,"useProductLoading":false,"sellProductLoading":false,"templatesById":{},"comparisonByTemplateId":{}},"filters":{"filterCriterias":{"loading":false,"error":null,"data":{"price":{"min":0,"max":6000},"users":{"loading":false,"error":null,"ids":[],"values":{}},"suppliers":{"loading":false,"error":null,"ids":[],"values":{}},"vendors":{"loading":false,"error":null,"ids":[],"values":{}},"roles":{"id":200,"title":"Roles","values":{"1":{"id":1,"title":"User","translationKey":"user"},"2":{"id":2,"title":"Supplier","translationKey":"supplier"},"3":{"id":3,"title":"Vendor","translationKey":"vendor"}}},"categories":{"flat":[],"tree":[]},"countries":{"loading":false,"error":null,"ids":[],"values":{}}}},"showAIFilter":false},"companies":{"companiesByAlias":{},"aliases":{},"links":{},"meta":{},"loading":false,"error":null},"implementations":{"implementationsByAlias":{},"aliases":{},"links":{},"meta":{},"loading":false,"error":null},"agreements":{"agreementById":{},"ids":{},"links":{},"meta":{},"loading":false,"error":null},"comparison":{"loading":false,"error":false,"templatesById":{},"comparisonByTemplateId":{},"products":[],"selectedTemplateId":null},"presentation":{"type":null,"company":{},"products":[],"partners":[],"formData":{},"dataLoading":false,"dataError":false,"loading":false,"error":false},"catalogsGlobal":{"subMenuItemTitle":""}}