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It's just 1 reason why more than 90% of Fortune Global 500 companies use Red Hat products and solutions.\r\n\r\nRed Hat Enterprise Linux products are built around a common\r\ncore that delivers the features required for commercial\r\ndeployments:\r\n• Support for a wide range of Independent Software\r\n&nbsp;Vendor (ISV) applications, including BEA®, IBM®, Oracle®,\r\n&nbsp;and VERITAS™\r\n• Certification on multiple architectures and leading\r\n&nbsp;hardware OEM platforms, including Bull, Dell®, Fujitsu®,\r\n&nbsp;Hitachi®, HP®, and IBM®\r\n• Comprehensive service offerings, up to 24x7 with one-\r\n&nbsp;hour response, available from Red Hat and selected ISV\r\n&nbsp;and OEM partners\r\n• Exceptional performance, scalability, and availability,\r\n&nbsp;with audited industry benchmarks\r\n• Excellent stability with 18-month version upgrade cycles\r\n&nbsp;and guaranteed seven years product support\r\n• A consistent solution from the desktop to the datacenter.\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; \">&nbsp;</p>","shortDescription":"Red Hat® Enterprise Linux® is the leading open source platform for modern datacentersdelivers military-grade security, 99.999% uptime, support for business-critical workloads, and so much more.","type":null,"isRoiCalculatorAvaliable":false,"isConfiguratorAvaliable":false,"bonus":100,"usingCount":16,"sellingCount":4,"discontinued":0,"rebateForPoc":0,"rebate":0,"seo":{"title":"Red Hat Enterprise Linux","keywords":"from, Enterprise, with, more, products, support, leading, including","description":"The leading open source platform for modern datacenters\r\n\r\nRed Hat® Enterprise Linux® delivers military-grade security, 99.999% uptime, support for business-critical workloads, and so much more. Ultimately, the platform helps you reallocate resources from main","og:title":"Red Hat Enterprise Linux","og:description":"The leading open source platform for modern datacenters\r\n\r\nRed Hat® Enterprise Linux® delivers military-grade security, 99.999% uptime, support for business-critical workloads, and so much more. Ultimately, the platform helps you reallocate resources from main","og:image":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux.png"},"eventUrl":"","translationId":184,"dealDetails":null,"roi":null,"price":null,"bonusForReference":null,"templateData":[],"testingArea":"","categories":[{"id":52,"title":"SaaS - software as a service","alias":"saas-software-as-a-service","description":"<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Software as a service (SaaS)</span> is a software licensing and delivery model in which software is licensed on a subscription basis and is centrally hosted. It is sometimes referred to as &quot;on-demand software&quot;, and was formerly referred to as &quot;software plus services&quot; by Microsoft.\r\n SaaS services is typically accessed by users using a thin client, e.g. via a web browser. SaaS software solutions has become a common delivery model for many business applications, including office software, messaging software, payroll processing software, DBMS software, management software, CAD software, development software, gamification, virtualization, accounting, collaboration, customer relationship management (CRM), Management Information Systems (MIS), enterprise resource planning (ERP), invoicing, human resource management (HRM), talent acquisition, learning management systems, content management (CM), Geographic Information Systems (GIS), and service desk management. SaaS has been incorporated into the strategy of nearly all leading enterprise software companies.\r\nSaaS applications are also known as <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Web-based software</span>, <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">on-demand software</span> and<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\"> hosted software</span>.\r\nThe term &quot;Software as a Service&quot; (SaaS) is considered to be part of the nomenclature of cloud computing, along with Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), Desktop as a Service (DaaS),managed software as a service (MSaaS), mobile backend as a service (MBaaS), and information technology management as a service (ITMaaS).\r\nBecause SaaS is based on cloud computing it saves organizations from installing and running applications on their own systems. That eliminates or at least reduces the associated costs of hardware purchases and maintenance and of software and support. The initial setup cost for a SaaS application is also generally lower than it for equivalent enterprise software purchased via a site license.\r\nSometimes, the use of SaaS cloud software can also reduce the long-term costs of software licensing, though that depends on the pricing model for the individual SaaS offering and the enterprise’s usage patterns. In fact, it’s possible for SaaS to cost more than traditional software licenses. This is an area IT organizations should explore carefully.<br />SaaS also provides enterprises the flexibility inherent with cloud services: they can subscribe to a SaaS offering as needed rather than having to buy software licenses and install the software on a variety of computers. The savings can be substantial in the case of applications that require new hardware purchases to support the software.<br /><br /><br /><br />","materialsDescription":"<h1 class=\"align-center\"><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">Who uses SaaS?</span></h1>\r\nIndustry analyst Forrester Research notes that SaaS adoption has so far been concentrated mostly in human resource management (HRM), customer relationship management (CRM), collaboration software (e.g., email), and procurement solutions, but is poised to widen. Today it’s possible to have a data warehouse in the cloud that you can access with business intelligence software running as a service and connect to your cloud-based ERP like NetSuite or Microsoft Dynamics.The dollar savings can run into the millions. And SaaS installations are often installed and working in a fraction of the time of on-premises deployments—some can be ready in hours. \r\nSales and marketing people are likely familiar with Salesforce.com, the leading SaaS CRM software, with millions of users across more than 100,000 customers. Sales is going SaaS too, with apps available to support sales in order management, compensation, quote production and configure, price, quoting, electronic signatures, contract management and more.\r\n<h1 class=\"align-center\"><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">Why SaaS? Benefits of software as a service</span></h1>\r\n<ul><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Lower cost of entry</span>. With SaaS solution, you pay for what you need, without having to buy hardware to host your new applications. Instead of provisioning internal resources to install the software, the vendor provides APIs and performs much of the work to get their software working for you. The time to a working solution can drop from months in the traditional model to weeks, days or hours with the SaaS model. In some businesses, IT wants nothing to do with installing and running a sales app. In the case of funding software and its implementation, this can be a make-or-break issue for the sales and marketing budget, so the lower cost really makes the difference.</li></ul>\r\n\r\n<ul><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Reduced time to benefit/rapid prototyping</span>. In the SaaS model, the software application is already installed and configured. Users can provision the server for the cloud and quickly have the application ready for use. This cuts the time to benefit and allows for rapid demonstrations and prototyping. With many SaaS companies offering free trials, this means a painless proof of concept and discovery phase to prove the benefit to the organization. </li></ul>\r\n\r\n<ul><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Pay as you go</span>. SaaS business software gives you the benefit of predictable costs both for the subscription and to some extent, the administration. Even as you scale, you can have a clear idea of what your costs will be. This allows for much more accurate budgeting, especially as compared to the costs of internal IT to manage upgrades and address issues for an owned instance.</li></ul>\r\n\r\n<ul><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">The SaaS vendor is responsible for upgrades, uptime and security</span>. Under the SaaS model, since the software is hosted by the vendor, they take on the responsibility for maintaining the software and upgrading it, ensuring that it is reliable and meeting agreed-upon service level agreements, and keeping the application and its data secure.&nbsp; While some IT people worry about Software as a Service security outside of the enterprise walls, the likely truth is that the vendor has a much higher level of security than the enterprise itself would provide. Many will have redundant instances in very secure data centers in multiple geographies.&nbsp; Also, the data is being automatically backed up by the vendor, providing additional security and peace of mind. Because of the data center hosting, you’re getting the added benefit of at least some disaster recovery. Lastly, the vendor manages these issues as part of their core competencies—let them.</li></ul>\r\n\r\n<ul><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Integration and scalability.</span> Most SaaS apps are designed to support some amount of customization for the way you do business. SaaS vendors create APIs to allow connections not only to internal applications like ERPs or CRMs but also to other SaaS providers. One of the terrific aspects of integration is that orders written in the field can be automatically sent to the ERP. Now a salesperson in the field can check inventory through the catalog, write the order in front of the customer for approval, send it and receive confirmation, all in minutes. And as you scale with a SaaS vendor, there’s no need to invest in server capacity and software licenses. </li></ul>\r\n\r\n<ul><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Work anywhere</span>. Since the software is hosted in the cloud and accessible over the internet, users can access it via mobile devices wherever they are connected. This includes checking customer order histories prior to a sales call, as well as having access to real time data and real time order taking with the customer.</li></ul>\r\n<p class=\"align-left\">&nbsp;</p>","iconURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/SaaS__1_.png"}],"characteristics":[],"concurentProducts":[],"jobRoles":[],"organizationalFeatures":[],"complementaryCategories":[],"solutions":[],"materials":[],"useCases":[],"best_practices":[],"values":[],"implementations":[]},"red-hat-hyperconverged-infrastructure":{"id":996,"logoURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/Red_Hat_Hyperconverged_Infrastructure.png","logo":true,"scheme":false,"title":"Red Hat Hyperconverged Infrastructure","vendorVerified":0,"rating":"1.70","implementationsCount":0,"suppliersCount":0,"supplierPartnersCount":1,"alias":"red-hat-hyperconverged-infrastructure","companyTitle":"Red Hat","companyTypes":["supplier","vendor"],"companyId":628,"companyAlias":"red-hat","description":"In the banking, telecommunications, energy, and retail industries, remote branch offices often deploy business-critical applications on local server and storage infrastructures. But these offices face challenges like limited budget and space, lack of skilled IT staff, and complex infrastructure-management issues.\r\nRed Hat® Hyperconverged Infrastructure―the integration of Red Hat Virtualization and Red Hat Gluster Storage―provides open source, centrally administered, and cost-effective integrated compute and storage in a compact footprint to meet the needs of remote sites and the edge.\r\nRed Hat Hyperconverged Infrastructure lets you consolidate infrastructure for your remote sites by eliminating the need for an independently managed storage tier and delivering an integrated solution of compute plus software-defined storage. This reduces capital and operating expenses and operational overhead associated with managing a larger, more traditional infrastructure.","shortDescription":"Red Hat Hyperconverged Infrastructure for decentralized IT","type":null,"isRoiCalculatorAvaliable":false,"isConfiguratorAvaliable":false,"bonus":100,"usingCount":10,"sellingCount":7,"discontinued":0,"rebateForPoc":0,"rebate":0,"seo":{"title":"Red Hat Hyperconverged Infrastructure","keywords":"storage, Hyperconverged, remote, sites, integrated, infrastructure, offices, compute","description":"In the banking, telecommunications, energy, and retail industries, remote branch offices often deploy business-critical applications on local server and storage infrastructures. But these offices face challenges like limited budget and space, lack of skilled I","og:title":"Red Hat Hyperconverged Infrastructure","og:description":"In the banking, telecommunications, energy, and retail industries, remote branch offices often deploy business-critical applications on local server and storage infrastructures. But these offices face challenges like limited budget and space, lack of skilled I","og:image":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/Red_Hat_Hyperconverged_Infrastructure.png"},"eventUrl":"","translationId":997,"dealDetails":null,"roi":null,"price":null,"bonusForReference":null,"templateData":[],"testingArea":"","categories":[{"id":7,"title":"Storage - General-Purpose Disk Arrays","alias":"storage-general-purpose-disk-arrays","description":" General-purpose disk arrays refer to disk storage systems that work together with specialized array controllers to achieve high data transfer. They are designed to fulfill the requirement of a diverse set of workloads such as databases, virtual desktop infrastructure, and virtual networks. The market size in the study represents the revenue generated through various deployment modes such as NAS, SAN, and DAS. Some of the technologies used in the general-purpose disk arrays market include PATA, SATA, and SCSI. The application areas of general-purpose disk arrays include BFSI, IT, government, education &amp; research, healthcare, and manufacturing.\r\nGeneral-Purpose Disk Arrays market in BFSI accounts for the largest revenue. IT industry and governments are investing heavily in the general-purpose disk arrays, as a huge amount of voluminous data is getting generated which requires high storage capacity to store the classified data for analytics purpose and consumer insights. General-Purpose Disk Arrays market in healthcare is expected to show robust growth during the forecast period, as hospitals are adopting the latest technology with huge storage spaces in an attempt to track the patient history for providing better healthcare facilities.\r\nThe global general-purpose disk arrays market is fragmented owing to the presence of a large number of local and regional players, which intensifies the degree of rivalry. The market is growing at a notable pace, which leads to high intensity of rivalry. Key market players such as Dell EMC, HPE, and IBM Corporation seek to gain market share through continuous innovations in storage technology. Some of the other key players operating in a market are Hitachi, Seagate Technologies, NetApp, Promise Technologies, Quantum Corporation, Oracle Corporation, Fujitsu, DataDirect Networks, and Infortrend Technology Inc. Key competitors are specifically focusing on Asia-Pacific and Middle-East &amp; Africa regions, as they show strong tendency to adopt the general-purpose disk arrays in coming years.","materialsDescription":"<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What are the characteristics of storage?</span>\r\nStorage technologies at all levels of the storage hierarchy can be differentiated by evaluating certain core characteristics as well as measuring characteristics specific to a particular implementation. These core characteristics are volatility, mutability, accessibility, and addressability. For any particular implementation of any storage technology, the characteristics worth measuring are capacity and performance.\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-style: italic;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Volatility</span></span>\r\nNon-volatile memory retains the stored information even if not constantly supplied with electric power. It is suitable for long-term storage of information. Volatile memory requires constant power to maintain the stored information. The fastest memory technologies are volatile ones, although that is not a universal rule. Since the primary storage is required to be very fast, it predominantly uses volatile memory.\r\nDynamic random-access memory is a form of volatile memory that also requires the stored information to be periodically reread and rewritten, or refreshed, otherwise it would vanish. Static random-access memory is a form of volatile memory similar to DRAM with the exception that it never needs to be refreshed as long as power is applied; it loses its content when the power supply is lost.\r\nAn uninterruptible power supply (UPS) can be used to give a computer a brief window of time to move information from primary volatile storage into non-volatile storage before the batteries are exhausted. Some systems, for example EMC Symmetrix, have integrated batteries that maintain volatile storage for several minutes.\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-style: italic;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Mutability</span></span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Read/write storage or mutable storage</span>\r\n<div class=\"indent\">Allows information to be overwritten at any time. A computer without some amount of read/write storage for primary storage purposes would be useless for many tasks. Modern computers typically use read/write storage also for secondary storage.</div>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Slow write, fast read storage</span>\r\n<div class=\"indent\">Read/write storage which allows information to be overwritten multiple times, but with the write operation being much slower than the read operation. Examples include CD-RW and SSD.</div>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Write once storage</span>\r\n<div class=\"indent\">Write Once Read Many (WORM) allows the information to be written only once at some point after manufacture. Examples include semiconductor programmable read-only memory and CD-R.</div>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Read only storage</span>\r\n<div class=\"indent\">Retains the information stored at the time of manufacture. Examples include mask ROM ICs and CD-ROM.</div>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-style: italic;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Accessibility</span></span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Random access</span>\r\n<div class=\"indent\">Any location in storage can be accessed at any moment in approximately the same amount of time. Such characteristic is well suited for primary and secondary storage. Most semiconductor memories and disk drives provide random access.</div>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Sequential access</span>\r\n<div class=\"indent\">The accessing of pieces of information will be in a serial order, one after the other; therefore the time to access a particular piece of information depends upon which piece of information was last accessed. Such characteristic is typical of off-line storage.</div>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-style: italic;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Addressability</span></span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Location-addressable</span>\r\n<div class=\"indent\">Each individually accessible unit of information in storage is selected with its numerical memory address. In modern computers, location-addressable storage usually limits to primary storage, accessed internally by computer programs, since location-addressability is very efficient, but burdensome for humans.</div>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">File addressable</span>\r\n<div class=\"indent\">Information is divided into files of variable length, and a particular file is selected with human-readable directory and file names. The underlying device is still location-addressable, but the operating system of a computer provides the file system abstraction to make the operation more understandable. In modern computers, secondary, tertiary and off-line storage use file systems.</div>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Content-addressable</span>\r\n<div class=\"indent\">Each individually accessible unit of information is selected based on the basis of (part of) the contents stored there. Content-addressable storage can be implemented using software (computer program) or hardware (computer device), with hardware being faster but more expensive option. Hardware content addressable memory is often used in a computer's CPU cache.</div>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-style: italic;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Capacity</span></span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Raw capacity</span>\r\n<div class=\"indent\">The total amount of stored information that a storage device or medium can hold. It is expressed as a quantity of bits or bytes (e.g. 10.4 megabytes).</div>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Memory storage density</span>\r\n<div class=\"indent\">The compactness of stored information. It is the storage capacity of a medium divided with a unit of length, area or volume (e.g. 1.2 megabytes per square inch).</div>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\"><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Performance</span></span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Latency</span>\r\n<div class=\"indent\">The time it takes to access a particular location in storage. The relevant unit of measurement is typically nanosecond for primary storage, millisecond for secondary storage, and second for tertiary storage. It may make sense to separate read latency and write latency (especially for non-volatile memory[8]) and in case of sequential access storage, minimum, maximum and average latency.</div>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Throughput</span>\r\n<div class=\"indent\">The rate at which information can be read from or written to the storage. In computer data storage, throughput is usually expressed in terms of megabytes per second (MB/s), though bit rate may also be used. As with latency, read rate and write rate may need to be differentiated. Also accessing media sequentially, as opposed to randomly, typically yields maximum throughput.</div>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Granularity</span>\r\n<div class=\"indent\">The size of the largest &quot;chunk&quot; of data that can be efficiently accessed as a single unit, e.g. without introducing additional latency.</div>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Reliability</span>\r\n<div class=\"indent\">The probability of spontaneous bit value change under various conditions, or overall failure rate.</div>\r\nUtilities such as hdparm and sar can be used to measure IO performance in Linux.\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-style: italic;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Energy use</span></span>\r\n<ul><li>Storage devices that reduce fan usage, automatically shut-down during inactivity, and low power hard drives can reduce energy consumption by 90 percent.</li><li>2.5-inch hard disk drives often consume less power than larger ones. Low capacity solid-state drives have no moving parts and consume less power than hard disks. Also, memory may use more power than hard disks. Large caches, which are used to avoid hitting the memory wall, may also consume a large amount of power.</li></ul>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-style: italic;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Security</span></span>\r\nFull disk encryption, volume and virtual disk encryption, andor file/folder encryption is readily available for most storage devices.\r\nHardware memory encryption is available in Intel Architecture, supporting Total Memory Encryption (TME) and page granular memory encryption with multiple keys (MKTME) and in SPARC M7 generation since October 2015.","iconURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/icon_Storage_General_Purpose_Disk_Arrays.png"},{"id":299,"title":"Application and User Session Virtualization","alias":"application-and-user-session-virtualization","description":"Application virtualization is a technology that allows you to separate the software from the operating system on which it operates. Fully virtualized software is not installed in the traditional sense, although the end-user at first glance can not see it, because the virtualized software works just as normal. The software in the execution process works just as if it interacted with the operating system directly and with all its resources, but can be isolated or executed in a sandbox with different levels of restriction.\r\nModern operating systems, such as Microsoft Windows and Linux, can include limited software virtualization. For example, Windows 7 has Windows XP mode that allows you to run Windows XP software on Windows 7 without any changes.\r\nUser session virtualization is a newer version of desktop virtualization that works at the operating system level. While normal virtualization of the desktop allows an operating system to be run by virtualizing the hardware of the desktop, RDS and App-V allow for the virtualization of the applications. User session virtualization lies between the two.\r\nA desktop has an operating system loaded on the base hardware. This can be either physical or virtual. The user session virtualization keeps track of all changes to the operating system that a user might make by encapsulating the configuration changes and associating them to the user account. This allows the specific changes to be applied to the underlying operating system without actually changing it. This allows several users to have completely different operating system configurations applied to base operating system installation.\r\nIf you are in a distributed desktop environment and there are local file servers available at each location, you can deploy virtualized user sessions in the form of redirected folders and roaming profiles.","materialsDescription":" <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Understanding application virtualization</span>\r\nApplication virtualization technology isolates applications from the underlying operating system and from other applications to increase compatibility and manageability. This application virtualization technology enables applications to be streamed from a centralized location into an isolation environment on the target device where they will execute. The application files, configuration, and settings are copied to the target device and the application execution at run time is controlled by the application virtualization layer. When executed, the application run time believes that it is interfacing directly with the operating system when, in fact, it is interfacing with a virtualization environment that proxies all requests to the operating system.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Understanding session virtualization</span>\r\nSession virtualization uses application streaming to deliver applications to hosting servers in the datacenter. The Application then connects the user to the server. The application then executes entirely on the server. The user interacts with the application remotely by sending mouse-clicks and keystrokes to the server. The server then responds by sending screen updates back to the user’s device. Whereas application virtualization is limited to Windows-based operating systems, session virtualization allows any user on any operating system to access any application delivered by IT. As a result, the application enables Windows, Mac, Linux, iOS and Android devices to run any applications using session virtualization. Furthermore, session virtualization leverages server-side processing power which liberates IT from the endless cycle of PC hardware refreshes which are typically needed to support application upgrades when using traditional application deployment methods.","iconURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/Application_and_User_Session_Virtualization__1_.png"},{"id":1,"title":"Desktop virtualization","alias":"desktop-virtualization","description":" Desktop virtualization is a virtualization technology that separates an individual's PC applications from his or her desktop. Virtualized desktops are generally hosted on a remote central server, rather than the hard drive of the personal computer. Because the client-server computing model is used in virtualizing desktops, desktop virtualization is also known as client virtualization.\r\nDesktop virtualization provides a way for users to maintain their individual desktops on a single, central server. The users may be connected to the central server through a LAN, WAN or over the Internet.\r\nDesktop virtualization has many benefits, including a lower total cost of ownership (TCO), increased security, reduced energy costs, reduced downtime and centralized management.\r\nLimitations of desktop virtualization include difficulty in maintenance and set up of printer drivers; increased downtime in case of network failures; complexity and costs involved in VDI deployment and security risks in the event of improper network management.<br /><br />","materialsDescription":" <span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">What are types of desktop virtualization technologies?</span>\r\nHost-based forms of desktop virtualization require that users view and interact with their virtual desktops over a network by using a remote display protocol. Because processing takes place in a data center, client devices can be traditional PCs, but also thin clients, zero clients, smartphones and tablets. Examples of host-based desktop virtualization technology include:\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Host-based virtual machines:</span> Each user connects to an individual VM that is hosted in a data center. The user may connect to the same VM every time, allowing for personalization (known as a persistent desktop), or be given a fresh VM at each login (a nonpersistent desktop).\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Shared hosted:</span> Users connect to a shared desktop that runs on a server. Microsoft Remote Desktop Services, formerly Terminal Services, takes this client-server approach. Users may also connect to individual applications running on a server; this technology is an example of application virtualization.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Host-based physical machines:</span> The operating system runs directly on another device's physical hardware.\r\nClient virtualization requires processing to occur on local hardware; the use of thin clients, zero clients and mobile devices is not possible. These types of desktop virtualization include:\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">OS image streaming:</span> The operating system runs on local hardware, but it boots to a remote disk image across the network. This is useful for groups of desktops that use the same disk image. OS image streaming, also known as remote desktop virtualization, requires a constant network connection in order to function.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Client-based virtual machines:</span> A VM runs on a fully functional PC, with a hypervisor in place. Client-based virtual machines can be managed by regularly syncing the disk image with a server, but a constant network connection is not necessary in order for them to function.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Desktop virtualization vs. virtual desktop infrastructure</span>\r\nThe terms <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">desktop virtualization</span> and virtual desktop infrastructure (VDI) are often used interchangeably, but they are not the same. While VDI is a type of desktop virtualization, not all desktop virtualization uses VDI.\r\nVDI refers to the use of host-based VMs to deliver virtual desktops, which emerged in 2006 as an alternative to Terminal Services and Citrix's client-server approach to desktop virtualization technology. Other types of desktop virtualization -- including the shared hosted model, host-based physical machines and all methods of client virtualization -- are not examples of VDI.","iconURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/icon_Desktop_virtualization.png"},{"id":2,"title":"Virtual machine and cloud system software","alias":"virtual-machine-and-cloud-system-software","description":" A virtual machine (VM) is a software-based computer that exists within another computer’s operating system, often used for the purposes of testing, backing up data, or running SaaS applications. To fully grasp how VMs work, it’s important to first understand how computer software and hardware are typically integrated by an operating system.\r\n&quot;The cloud&quot; refers to servers that are accessed over the Internet, and the software and databases that run on those servers. Cloud servers are located in data centers all over the world. By using cloud computing, users and companies don't have to manage physical servers themselves or run software applications on their own machines.\r\nThe cloud enables users to access the same files and applications from almost any device, because the computing and storage take place on servers in a data center, instead of locally on the user device. This is why a user can log into their Instagram account on a new phone after their old phone breaks and still find their old account in place, with all their photos, videos, and conversation history. It works the same way with cloud email providers like Gmail or Microsoft Office 365, and with cloud storage providers like Dropbox or Google Drive.\r\nFor businesses, switching to cloud computing removes some IT costs and overhead: for instance, they no longer need to update and maintain their own servers, as the cloud vendor they are using will do that. This especially makes an impact on small businesses that may not have been able to afford their own internal infrastructure but can outsource their infrastructure needs affordably via the cloud. The cloud can also make it easier for companies to operate internationally because employees and customers can access the same files and applications from any location.\r\nSeveral cloud providers offer virtual machines to their customers. These virtual machines typically live on powerful servers that can act as a host to multiple VMs and can be used for a variety of reasons that wouldn’t be practical with a locally-hosted VM. These include:\r\n<ul><li>Running SaaS applications - Software-as-a-Service, or SaaS for short, is a cloud-based method of providing software to users. SaaS users subscribe to an application rather than purchasing it once and installing it. These applications are generally served to the user over the Internet. Often, it is virtual machines in the cloud that are doing the computation for SaaS applications as well as delivering them to users. If the cloud provider has a geographically distributed network edge, then the application will run closer to the user, resulting in faster performance.</li><li>Backing up data - Cloud-based VM services are very popular for backing up data because the data can be accessed from anywhere. Plus, cloud VMs provide better redundancy, require less maintenance, and generally scale better than physical data centers. (For example, it’s generally fairly easy to buy an extra gigabyte of storage space from a cloud VM provider, but much more difficult to build a new local data server for that extra gigabyte of data.)</li><li>Hosting services like email and access management - Hosting these services on cloud VMs is generally faster and more cost-effective, and helps minimize maintenance and offload security concerns as well.</li></ul>","materialsDescription":"What is an operating system?\r\nTraditional computers are built out of physical hardware, including hard disk drives, processor chips, RAM, etc. In order to utilize this hardware, computers rely on a type of software known as an operating system (OS). Some common examples of OSes are Mac OSX, Microsoft Windows, Linux, and Android.\r\nThe OS is what manages the computer’s hardware in ways that are useful to the user. For example, if the user wants to access the Internet, the OS directs the network interface card to make the connection. If the user wants to download a file, the OS will partition space on the hard drive for that file. The OS also runs and manages other pieces of software. For example, it can run a web browser and provide the browser with enough random access memory (RAM) to operate smoothly. Typically, operating systems exist within a physical computer at a one-to-one ratio; for each machine, there is a single OS managing its physical resources.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Can you have two or more operating systems on one computer?</span>\r\nSome users want to be able to run multiple operating systems simultaneously on one computer, either for testing or one of the other reasons listed in the section below. This can be achieved through a process called virtualization. In virtualization, a piece of software behaves as if it were an independent computer. This piece of software is called a virtual machine, also known as a ‘guest’ computer. (The computer on which the VM is running is called the ‘host’.) The guest has an OS as well as its own virtual hardware.\r\n‘Virtual hardware’ may sound like a bit of an oxymoron, but it works by mapping to real hardware on the host computer. For example, the VM’s ‘hard drive’ is really just a file on the host computer’s hard drive. When the VM wants to save a new file, it actually has to communicate with the host OS, which will write this file to the host hard drive. Because virtual hardware must perform this added step of negotiating with the host to access hardware resources, virtual machines can’t run quite as fast as their host computers.\r\nWith virtualization, one computer can run two or more operating systems. The number of VMs that can run on one host is limited only by the host’s available resources. The user can run the OS of a VM in a window like any other program, or they can run it in fullscreen so that it looks and feels like a genuine host OS.\r\n <span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">What are virtual machines used for?</span>\r\nSome of the most popular reasons people run virtual machines include:\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Testing</span> - Oftentimes software developers want to be able to test their applications in different environments. They can use virtual machines to run their applications in various OSes on one computer. This is simpler and more cost-effective than having to test on several different physical machines.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Running software designed for other OSes</span> - Although certain software applications are only available for a single platform, a VM can run software designed for a different OS. For example, a Mac user who wants to run software designed for Windows can run a Windows VM on their Mac host.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Running outdated software</span> - Some pieces of older software can’t be run in modern OSes. Users who want to run these applications can run an old OS on a virtual machine.","iconURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/icon_Virtual_machine_and_cloud_system_software.png"}],"characteristics":[],"concurentProducts":[],"jobRoles":[],"organizationalFeatures":[],"complementaryCategories":[],"solutions":[],"materials":[],"useCases":[],"best_practices":[],"values":[],"implementations":[]},"red-hat-jboss-fuse":{"id":494,"logoURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/Red_Hat_JBoss_Fuse_best.jpg","logo":true,"scheme":false,"title":"Red Hat JBoss Fuse","vendorVerified":0,"rating":"2.10","implementationsCount":1,"suppliersCount":0,"supplierPartnersCount":1,"alias":"red-hat-jboss-fuse","companyTitle":"Red Hat","companyTypes":["supplier","vendor"],"companyId":628,"companyAlias":"red-hat","description":"The information powering your business is spread across multiple applications and processes. You need an effective, cost-efficient, adaptive, and faster way to integrate applications, data, and devices within your enterprise for a successful digital transformation.\r\nRed Hat® JBoss® Fuse is a lightweight, flexible integration platform that enables rapid integration across the extended enterprise—on-premise or in the cloud. JBoss Fuse includes modular integration capabilities, a new style enterprise service bus (ESB), to unlock information.\r\nRed Hat JBoss Fuse for xPaaS extends the capabilities to our Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) solution, Red Hat OpenShift, for integration services in the cloud.\r\nConnect all your information sources, Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) apps, on-premise apps, custom apps, devices, and other data sources using Red Hat JBoss Fuse connectors.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">BENEFITS</span>\r\nEasily connect enterprise assets\r\nCreate and connect application programming interfaces (APIs) quickly using intuitive tooling. Develop faster connected solutions using enterprise integration patterns included with Apache Camel.\r\nDebug integration services for higher-quality solutions. Develop, test, collaborate, and find problems earlier using a more-responsive platform.\r\nConnect legacy services, on-premise apps, SaaS apps, APIs, and data using standard connectivity provided by more than 150 included connectors.\r\nTransform data to and from different sources using the included transformers in Apache Camel or through the graphical mapper.","shortDescription":"Red Hat® JBoss® Fuse is a lightweight, flexible integration platform that enables rapid integration across the extended enterprise—on-premise or in the cloud. JBoss Fuse includes modular integration capabilities, a new style enterprise service bus (ESB), to unlock information.","type":null,"isRoiCalculatorAvaliable":false,"isConfiguratorAvaliable":false,"bonus":100,"usingCount":11,"sellingCount":18,"discontinued":0,"rebateForPoc":0,"rebate":0,"seo":{"title":"Red Hat JBoss Fuse","keywords":"using, integration, apps, Fuse, data, enterprise, JBoss, information","description":"The information powering your business is spread across multiple applications and processes. You need an effective, cost-efficient, adaptive, and faster way to integrate applications, data, and devices within your enterprise for a successful digital transforma","og:title":"Red Hat JBoss Fuse","og:description":"The information powering your business is spread across multiple applications and processes. You need an effective, cost-efficient, adaptive, and faster way to integrate applications, data, and devices within your enterprise for a successful digital transforma","og:image":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/Red_Hat_JBoss_Fuse_best.jpg"},"eventUrl":"","translationId":495,"dealDetails":null,"roi":null,"price":null,"bonusForReference":null,"templateData":[],"testingArea":"","categories":[{"id":492,"title":"Enterprise Service Bus Middleware","alias":"enterprise-service-bus-middleware","description":" An enterprise service bus (ESB) implements a communication system between mutually interacting software applications in a service-oriented architecture (SOA). It represents a software architecture for distributed computing, and is a special variant of the more general client-server model, wherein any application may behave as server or client. ESB promotes agility and flexibility with regard to high-level protocol communication between applications. Its primary use is in enterprise application integration (EAI) of heterogeneous and complex service landscapes.\r\nThe concept of the enterprise service bus is analogous to the bus concept found in computer hardware architecture combined with the modular and concurrent design of high-performance computer operating systems. The motivation for the development of the architecture was to find a standard, structured, and general purpose concept for describing implementation of loosely coupled software components (called services) that are expected to be independently deployed, running, heterogeneous, and disparate within a network. ESB is also a common implementation pattern for service-oriented architecture, including the intrinsically adopted network design of the World Wide Web.\r\nNo global standards exist for enterprise service bus concepts or implementations. Most providers of message-oriented middleware have adopted the enterprise service bus concept as de facto standard for a service-oriented architecture. The implementations of ESB use event-driven and standards-based message-oriented middleware in combination with message queues as technology frameworks. However, some software manufacturers relabel existing middleware and communication solutions as ESB without adopting the crucial aspect of a bus concept.\r\nThe ESB is implemented in software that operates between the business applications, and enables communication among them. Ideally, the ESB should be able to replace all direct contact with the applications on the bus, so that all communication takes place via the ESB. To achieve this objective, the ESB must encapsulate the functionality offered by its component applications in a meaningful way. This typically occurs through the use of an enterprise message model. The message model defines a standard set of messages that the ESB transmits and receives. When the ESB receives a message, it routes the message to the appropriate application. Often, because that application evolved without the same message model, the ESB has to transform the message into a format that the application can interpret. A software adapter fulfills the task of effecting these transformations, analogously to a physical adapter.\r\nESBs rely on accurately constructing the enterprise message model and properly designing the functionality offered by applications. If the message model does not completely encapsulate the application functionality, then other applications that desire that functionality may have to bypass the bus, and invoke the mismatched applications directly. Doing so violates the principles of the ESB model, and negates many of the advantages of using this architecture.\r\nThe beauty of the ESB lies in its platform-agnostic nature and the ability to integrate with anything at any condition. It is important that Application Lifecycle Management vendors truly apply all the ESB capabilities in their integration products while adopting SOA. Therefore, the challenges and opportunities for EAI vendors are to provide an integration solution that is low-cost, easily configurable, intuitive, user-friendly, and open to any tools customers choose.","materialsDescription":" <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What is an Enterprise Service Bus (ESB)?</span>\r\nAn Enterprise Service Bus (ESB) is a type of software platform known as middleware, which works behind the scenes to aid application-to-application communication. Think of an ESB as a “bus” that picks up information from one system and delivers it to another.\r\nThe term ESB first appeared in 2002, but the technology continues to evolve, driven by the need for ever-emerging internet applications to communicate and interact with one another.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Why would I want an ESB?</span>\r\nImagine that there are two systems in an organization that needs to exchange data. The technical teams that represent each system plan and implement a solution that allows these systems to communicate. A year or two later, the organization deploys several more systems that need to interact with each other as well as the existing two systems. How can all teams develop and reach an agreement on the best solution?\r\nIt becomes very complicated to manage and maintain one solution as an organization’s IT systems expand. With just 10 systems, there could be 100 different interfaces and scores of disparate technical requirements.\r\nAn ESB provides a secure, scalable and cost-effective infrastructure that enables real-time data exchange among many systems. Data from one system, known as a service provider, can be put on the enterprise service bus as a message, which is sent immediately to a service consumer of the data. If a new system wants to consume this same data, all it has to do is plug into the bus in the same manner.","iconURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/icon_Enterprise_Service_Bus_Middleware.png"}],"characteristics":[],"concurentProducts":[],"jobRoles":[],"organizationalFeatures":[],"complementaryCategories":[],"solutions":[],"materials":[],"useCases":[],"best_practices":[],"values":[],"implementations":[]},"red-hat-openshift-container-platform":{"id":817,"logoURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/RED_HAT_OPENSHIFT_CONTAINER_PLATFORM.png","logo":true,"scheme":false,"title":"Red Hat OPENSHIFT CONTAINER PLATFORM","vendorVerified":0,"rating":"2.10","implementationsCount":1,"suppliersCount":0,"supplierPartnersCount":1,"alias":"red-hat-openshift-container-platform","companyTitle":"Red Hat","companyTypes":["supplier","vendor"],"companyId":628,"companyAlias":"red-hat","description":"Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 3.5\r\nKubernetes 1.5\r\nExpanded applications support\r\nSecurity and Networking enhancements\r\nIntroduction to OpenShift\r\nBuilt with proven open source technologies, Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform helps application development and IT operations teams create and deploy apps with the speed and consistency that business demands.\r\n","shortDescription":"RED HAT OPENSHIFT CONTAINER PLATFORM\r\n\r\nThe industry’s most secure and comprehensive enterprise-grade container platform based on industry standards, Docker and Kubernetes.","type":null,"isRoiCalculatorAvaliable":false,"isConfiguratorAvaliable":false,"bonus":100,"usingCount":12,"sellingCount":9,"discontinued":0,"rebateForPoc":0,"rebate":0,"seo":{"title":"Red Hat OPENSHIFT CONTAINER PLATFORM","keywords":"OpenShift, Platform, with, Container, operations, technologies, helps, application","description":"Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 3.5\r\nKubernetes 1.5\r\nExpanded applications support\r\nSecurity and Networking enhancements\r\nIntroduction to OpenShift\r\nBuilt with proven open source technologies, Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform helps application develop","og:title":"Red Hat OPENSHIFT CONTAINER PLATFORM","og:description":"Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 3.5\r\nKubernetes 1.5\r\nExpanded applications support\r\nSecurity and Networking enhancements\r\nIntroduction to OpenShift\r\nBuilt with proven open source technologies, Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform helps application develop","og:image":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/RED_HAT_OPENSHIFT_CONTAINER_PLATFORM.png"},"eventUrl":"","translationId":818,"dealDetails":null,"roi":null,"price":null,"bonusForReference":null,"templateData":[],"testingArea":"","categories":[{"id":51,"title":"PaaS - Platform as a service","alias":"paas-platform-as-a-service","description":"<span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Platform as a Service (PaaS)</span> or <span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Application Platform as a Service (aPaaS)</span> or <span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">platform-based service</span> is a category of cloud computing services that provides a platform allowing customers to develop, run, and manage applications without the complexity of building and maintaining the infrastructure typically associated with developing and launching an app.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">PaaS can be delivered in three ways:</span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">As a public cloud service</span> from a provider, where the consumer controls software deployment with minimal configuration options, and the provider provides the networks, servers, storage, operating system (OS), middleware (e.g. Java runtime, .NET runtime, integration, etc.), database and other services to host the consumer's application.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">As a private service</span> (software or appliance) behind a firewall.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">As software</span> deployed on a public infrastructure as a service.\r\n<span style=\"color: rgb(97, 97, 97); \">The original intent of PaaS technology was to simplify the code-writing process for developers, with the infrastructure and operations handled by the PaaS provider. Originally, all PaaSes were in the public cloud. Because many companies did not want to have everything in the public cloud, private and hybrid PaaS options (managed by internal IT departments) were created.</span>\r\n<span style=\"color: rgb(97, 97, 97); \">PaaS provides an environment for developers and companies to create, host and deploy applications, saving developers from the complexities of the infrastructure side (setting up, configuring and managing elements such as servers and databases).</span>\r\n<span style=\"color: rgb(97, 97, 97); \">PaaS products can improve the speed of developing an app, and allow the consumer to focus on the application itself. With PaaS, the consumer manages applications and data, while the provider (in public PaaS) or IT department (in private PaaS) manages runtime, middleware, operating system, virtualization, servers, storage and networking.</span>\r\n<span style=\"color: rgb(97, 97, 97); \">PaaS offerings may also include facilities for application design, application development, testing and deployment, as well as services such as team collaboration, web service integration, and marshalling, database integration, security, scalability, storage, persistence, state management, application versioning, application instrumentation, and developer community facilitation. Besides the service engineering aspects, PaaS solutions include mechanisms for service management, such as monitoring, workflow management, discovery and reservation.</span>\r\nThere are various types of PaaS providers. All offer application hosting and a deployment environment, along with various integrated services. Services offer varying levels of scalability and maintenance. Developers can write an application and upload it to a PaaS platform that supports their software language of choice, and the application runs on that PaaS.","materialsDescription":"<h1 class=\"align-center\">How PaaS works</h1>\r\n<p class=\"align-left\">PaaS does not replace a company's entire IT infrastructure for software development. It is provided through a cloud service provider's hosted infrastructure with users most frequently accessing the offerings through a web browser. PaaS can be delivered through public, private and hybrid clouds to deliver services such as application hosting and Java development.</p>\r\n<p class=\"align-left\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Other PaaS services include:</span></p>\r\n<ul><li>Development team collaboration</li><li>Application design and development</li><li>Application testing and deployment</li><li>Web service integration</li><li>Information security</li><li>Database integration</li></ul>\r\n<p class=\"align-left\">Users pay for PaaS on a per-use basis. However, different platform as a service providers charge a flat monthly fee for access to the platform and its applications.</p>\r\n<h1 class=\"align-center\">What are the types of PaaS?</h1>\r\n<ul><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Public PaaS</span></li></ul>\r\nA public PaaS allows the user to control software deployment while the cloud provider manages the delivery of all other major IT components necessary to the hosting of applications, including operating systems, databases, servers and storage system networks. \r\nPublic PaaS vendors offer middleware that enables developers to set up, configure and control servers and databases without the necessity of setting up the infrastructure side of things. As a result, public PaaS and IaaS (infrastructure as a service) run together, with PaaS operating on top of a vendor's IaaS infrastructure while leveraging the public cloud. \r\n<ul><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Private PaaS</span></li></ul>\r\nA private PaaS is usually delivered as an appliance or software within the user's firewall which is frequently maintained in the company's on-premises data center. A private PaaS software can be developed on any type of infrastructure and can work within the company's specific private cloud. Private PaaS allows an organization to better serve developers, improve the use of internal resources and reduce the costly cloud sprawl that many companies face.\r\n<ul><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Hybrid PaaS </span></li></ul>\r\nCombines public PaaS and private PaaS to provide companies with the flexibility of infinite capacity provided by a public PaaS model and the cost efficiencies of owning an internal infrastructure in private PaaS. Hybrid PaaS utilizes a hybrid cloud.\r\n<ul><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Communication PaaS </span></li></ul>\r\nCPaaS is a cloud-based platform that allows developers to add real-time communications to their apps without the need for back-end infrastructure and interfaces. Normally, real-time communications occur in apps that are built specifically for these functions. Examples include Skype, FaceTime, WhatsApp and the traditional phone. CPaaS provides a complete development framework for the creation of real-time communications features without the necessity of a developer building their own framework.\r\n<ul><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Mobile PaaS</span> </li></ul>\r\nMPaaS is the use of a paid integrated development environment for the configuration of mobile apps. In an mPaaS, coding skills are not required. MPaaS is delivered through a web browser and typically supports public cloud, private cloud and on-premises storage. The service is usually leased with pricing per month, varying according to the number of included devices and supported features.\r\n<ul><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Open PaaS</span></li></ul>\r\nIt is a free, open source, business-oriented collaboration platform that is attractive on all devices and provides useful web apps, including calendar, contacts and mail applications. OpenPaaS was designed to allow users to quickly deploy new applications with the goal of developing a PaaS technology that is committed to enterprise collaborative applications, specifically those deployed on hybrid clouds.","iconURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/PaaS_-_Platform_as_a_service.png"}],"characteristics":[],"concurentProducts":[],"jobRoles":[],"organizationalFeatures":[],"complementaryCategories":[],"solutions":[],"materials":[],"useCases":[],"best_practices":[],"values":[],"implementations":[]},"red-hat-openstack-platform-11":{"id":805,"logoURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/Red_Hat_OpenStack_Platform.jpg","logo":true,"scheme":false,"title":"Red Hat OpenStack Platform 11","vendorVerified":0,"rating":"1.70","implementationsCount":0,"suppliersCount":0,"supplierPartnersCount":1,"alias":"red-hat-openstack-platform-11","companyTitle":"Red Hat","companyTypes":["supplier","vendor"],"companyId":628,"companyAlias":"red-hat","description":"Composable Upgrades\r\nBy far, the most exciting addition brought by Red Hat OpenStack Platform 11 is the extension of composable roles to now include composable upgrades.\r\nComposable roles\r\nAs a refresher, a composable role is a collection of services that are grouped together to deploy the Overcloud’s main components. There are five default roles (Controller, Compute, BlockStorage, ObjectStorage, and CephStorage) allowing most common architectural scenarios to be achieved out of the box. Each service in a composable role is defined by an individual Heat template following a standardised approach that ensures services implement a basic set of input parameters and output values. With this approach these service templates can be more easily moved around, or composed, into a custom role. This creates greater flexibility around service placement and management.\r\nImprovements for NFV\r\nCo-location of Ceph on Compute now supported in production (GA)\r\nCo-locating Ceph on Nova is done by placing the Ceph Object Storage Daemons (OSDs) directly on the compute nodes. Co-location lowers many cost and complexity barriers for workloads that have minimal and/or predictable storage I/O requirements by reducing the number of total nodes required for an OpenStack deployment. Hardware previously dedicated for storage-specific requirements can now be utilized by the compute footprint for increased scale. With version 11 co-located storage is also now fully supported for deployment by director as a composable role. Operators can more easily perform detailed and targeted deployments of co-located storage, including technologies such as SR-IOV, all from a custom role. The process is fully supported with comprehensive documentation and through a newly released reference architecture\r\nFor Telcos, support for co-locating storage can be helpful for optimizing workloads and deployment architectures on a varied range of hardware and networking technologies within a single OpenStack deployment.\r\nVLAN-Aware VMs now supported in production (GA)\r\nA VLAN-aware VM, or more specifically, “Neutron Trunkports,” is how an OpenStack instance can support VLAN tagged frames across a single vNIC. This allows an operator to use fewer vNICs to access many separate networks, significantly reducing complexity by reducing the need for one vNIC for each network. Neutron does this by allowing subports off the original parent, effectively turning the main parent port into a virtual trunk. These subports can have their own segmentation id’s assigned directly to them allowing an operator to assign each port its own VLAN.\r\nVersion bumps for key virtual networking technologies\r\nDPDK now version 16.11\r\nDPDK 16.11 brings non-uniform memory access (NUMA) awareness to openvswitch-dpdk deployments. Virtual host devices comprise of multiple different types of memory which should all be allocated to the same physical node. 16.11 uses NUMA awareness to achieve this in some of the following ways:\r\n16.11 removes the requirement for a single device-tracking node which often creates performance issues by splitting memory allocations when VMs are not on that node\r\nNUMA ID’s can now be dynamically derived and that information used by DPDK to correctly place all memory types on the same node\r\nDPDK now sends NUMA node information for a guest directly to Open vSwitch (OVS) allowing OVS to allocate memory more easily on the correct node\r\n16.11 removes the requirement for poll mode driver (PMD) threads to be on cores of the same NUMA node. PMDs can now be on the same node as a device’s memory allocations\r\nOpen vSwitch now version 2.6\r\nOVS 2.6 lays the groundwork for future performance and virtual network requirements required for NFV deployments, specifically in the ovs-dpdk deployment space. Immediate benefits are gained by currency of features and initial, basic OVN support. See the upstream release notes for full details.\r\nCloudForms Integration\r\nRed Hat OpenStack Platform 11 remains tightly integrated with CloudForms. It has been fully tested and supports features such as:\r\nTenant Mapping: finds and lists all OpenStack tenants as CloudForms tenants and they remain in synch. Create, update and delete of CloudForms tenants are reflected in OpenStack and vice-versa\r\nMultisite support where one OpenStack region is represented as one cloud provider in CloudForms\r\nMultiple domains support where one domain is represented as one cloud provider in CloudForms\r\nCinder Volume Snapshot Management can be done at volume or instance level. A snapshot is a whole new volume and you can instantiate a new instance from it, all from Cloudforms\r\nWith OSP 10 we introduced the concept of the Long Life release. Long Life releases allow customers who are happy with their current release and without any pressing need for specific feature updates to remain supported for up to five years. We have designated every 3rd release as Long Life. For instance, versions 10, 13, and 16 are Long Life, while versions 11, 12, 14 and 15 are sequential. Long Life releases allow for upgrades to subsequent Long Life releases (for example, 10 to 13 without stepping through 11 and 12). Long Life releases generally have an 18 month cadence (three upstream cycles) and do require additional hardware for the upgrade process. Also, while procedures and tooling will be provided for this type of upgrade, it is important to note that some outages will occur.\r\nRed Hat OpenStack Platform 11 is the first “sequential” release (i.e. N+1). It is supported for one year and is released immediately into a “Production Phase 2” release classification. All upgrades for this type of release must be done sequentially (i.e. N+1). Sequential releases feature tighter integration with upstream projects and allow customers to quickly test new features and to deploy using their own knowledge of continuous integration and agile principles. Upgrades are generally done without major workload interruption and customers typically have multiple datacenters and/or highly demanding performance requirements. For more details see Red Hat OpenStack Platform Lifecycle (detailed FAQ as pdf) and Red Hat OpenStack Platform Director Life Cycle.\r\nAdditional notable new features of version 11\r\nA new Ironic inspector plugin can process Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP) packets received from network switches during deployment. This can significantly help deployers to understand the existing network topology during a deployment and reduces trial-and-error by helping to validate the actual physical network setup presented to a deployment. All data is collected automatically and stored in an accessible format in the Undercloud’s Swift install.\r\nThere is now full support for collectd agents to be deployed to the Overcloud from director using composable roles. Performance monitoring is now easier to do as collectd joins the other fully supported OpsTools services for availability monitoring (sensu) and log management (fluentd) present starting with version 10.\r\nAnd please remember, this are agents, not the full server-side implementations. Check out how to implement the server components easily with Ansible by going to the CentOS OpsTools Special Interest Group for all the details.\r\nAdditional features landing as Tech Preview\r\nOctavia brings a robust and mature LBaaS v2 API driver to OpenStack and will eventually replace the legacy HAProxy namespace driver currently found in Newton. It will become not only a load balancing driver but also the load balancing API hosting all the other drivers. Octavia is a now a top level project outside of Neutron; for more details see this excellent update talk from the recent OpenStack Summit in Boston.\r\nOctavia implements load balancing via a group of virtual machines (or containers or bare metal servers) controlled via a controller called “Amphora.” It manages, among other things, the images used for the balancing engine. In Ocata, Amphora introduces image support for Red Hat Enterprise Linux, Centos and Fedora. Amphora images (collectively known as amphorae) utilize HAProxy to implement load balancing. For full details of the design, consult the Component Design document.\r\nTo allow Red Hat OpenStack Platform users to try out this new implementation in a non-production environment operators can deploy a Technology Preview with director starting with version 11.\r\nOctavia’s director-based implementation is currently scheduled for a z-stream release for Red Hat OpenStack Platform Version 11. This means that while it won’t be available on the day of the release it will be added to it shortly. However, please track the following bugzilla, as things may change at the last moment and affect this timing.\r\nOpenDaylight\r\nRed Hat OpenStack Platform 11 increases ODL support in version 10 by adding deployment of the OpenDaylight Boron SR2 release to director using a composable role.\r\nCeph block storage replication\r\nThe Cinder RADOS block driver (RBD) was updated to support RBD mirroring (promote/demote location) in order to allow customers to support essential concepts in disaster recovery by more easily managing and replicating their data using RBD-mirroring via the Cinder API.\r\nCinder Service HA&nbsp;\r\nUntil now the cinder-volume service could run only in Active/Passive HA fashion. In version 11, the Cinder service received numerous internal fixes around locks, job distribution, cleanup, and data corruption protection to allow for an Active/Active implementation. Having a highly available Cinder implementation may be useful for uptime reliability and throughput requirements.\r\n\r\n","shortDescription":"Red Hat OpenStack Platform 11 is based on the upstream OpenStack release, Ocata, the 15th release of OpenStack. It brings a plethora of features, enhancements, bugfixes, documentation improvements and security updates. Red Hat OpenStack Platform 11 contains the additional usability, hardening and support that all Red Hat releases are known for. And with key enhancements to Red Hat OpenStack Platform’s deployment tool, Red Hat OpenStack Director, deploying and upgrading enterprise, production-ready private clouds has never been easier. 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Pools of hypervisors within the cloud operational system can support large numbers of virtual machines and the ability to scale services up and down according to customers' varying requirements.\r\nTypically IaaS solutions involve the use of a cloud orchestration technology like Open Stack, Apache Cloudstack or Open Nebula. This manages the creation of a virtual machine and decides on which hypervisor (i.e. physical host) to start it, enables VM migration features between hosts, allocates storage volumes and attaches them to VMs, usage information for billing and lots more.\r\nAn alternative to hypervisors are Linux containers, which run in isolated partitions of a single Linux kernel running directly on the physical hardware. Linux cgroups and namespaces are the underlying Linux kernel technologies used to isolate, secure and manage the containers. Containerisation offers higher performance than virtualization, because there is no hypervisor overhead. Also, container capacity auto-scales dynamically with computing load, which eliminates the problem of over-provisioning and enables usage-based billing.\r\nIaaS clouds often offer additional resources such as a virtual-machine disk-image library, raw block storage, file or object storage, firewalls, load balancers, IP addresses, virtual local area networks (VLANs), and software bundles.\r\nAccording to the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), the most basic cloud-service model is that of providers offering IT infrastructure – virtual machines and other resources – as a service to subscribers.\r\nIaaS cloud providers supply these resources on-demand from their large pools of equipment installed in data centers. For wide-area connectivity, customers can use either the Internet or carrier clouds (dedicated virtual private networks). To deploy their applications, cloud users install operating-system images and their application software on the cloud infrastructure. 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The pay-as-you-go model also provides significant cost savings. \r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Scalability and flexibility:</span> One of the greatest benefits of IaaS is the ability to scale up and down quickly in response to an enterprise’s requirements. Infrastructure as a Service providers generally have the latest, most powerful storage, servers and networking technology to accommodate the needs of their customers. This on-demand scalability provides added flexibility and greater agility to respond to changing opportunities and requirements. \r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Faster time to market:</span> Competition is strong in every sector, and time to market is one of the best ways to beat the competition. Because IaaS vendors elasticity and scalability, organizations can ramp up and get the job done (and the product or service to market) more rapidly.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Support for DR, BC and high availability:</span> While every enterprise has some type of disaster recovery plan, the technology behind those plans is often expensive and unwieldy. Organizations with several disparate locations often have different disaster recovery and business continuity plans and technologies, making management virtually impossible.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Focus on business growth:</span> Time, money and energy spent making technology decisions and hiring staff to manage and maintain the technology infrastructure is time not spent on growing the business. By moving infrastructure to a global infrastructure services, organizations can focus their time and resources where they belong, on developing innovations in applications and solutions.\r\n<h1 class=\"align-center\">IaaS, PaaS and SaaS: What’s the Difference?</h1>\r\nPlatform as a Service (PaaS) is the next step up from IaaS products, where the provider also supplies the operating environment including the operating system, application services, middleware and other ‘runtimes’ for cloud users. It’s used for development environments where the business can focus on creating an app but wants someone else to maintain the deployment platform. It means you have much simpler workloads but you can’t necessarily be as flexible as you want.\r\nAt the highest level of orchestration is Software as a Service. In SaaS infrastructure applications are accessed on demand. Here you just open your browser and go, consuming software rather than installing and running it. 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