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An application delivery controller is a network device that helps sites direct user traffic to remove excess load from two or more servers. In addition to providing Layer 4 load balancing, ADCs can manage Layer 7 for content switching, and also provide SSL offload and acceleration. They tend to offer more advanced features such as content redirection as well as server health monitoring. An Application delivery controller may also be known as a Web switch, URL switch, Web content switch, content switch and Layer 7 switch.\r\nToday, advanced application delivery controllers and intelligent load balancers are not only affordable, but the consolidation of Layer 4-7 load balancing and content switching, and server offload capabilities such as SSL, data caching and compression provides companies with cost-effective out-of-the-box infrastructure.\r\nFor enterprise organizations (companies with 1,000 or more employees), integrating best-of-breed network infrastructure is commonplace. However best-of-breed does not equate with deploying networks with enterprise-specific features and expensive products, but rather, deploying products that are purpose-built, with the explicit features, performance, reliability and scalability created specifically for the companies of all sizes.\r\nIn general, businesses of all sizes are inclined to purchase “big brand” products. However, smaller vendors that offer products within the same category can provide the optimal performance, features and reliability required, with the same benefits - at a lower cost.\r\nFor the enterprise market, best-of-breed comes with a high Total Cost of Ownership (TCO), since deploying products from various manufacturers requires additional training, maintenance and support. Kemp can help SMBs lower their TCO, and help them build reliable, high performance and scalable web and application infrastructure. Kemp products have a high price/performance value for SMBs. Our products are purpose-built for SMB businesses for dramatically less than the price of “big name” ADC and SLB vendors who are developing features that enterprise customers might use.","materialsDescription":" <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What are application delivery controllers?</span>\r\nApplication Delivery Controllers (ADCs) are the next stage in the development of server load balancing solutions. ADCs allow you to perform not only the tasks of balancing user requests between servers, but also incorporate mechanisms that increase the performance, security and resiliency of applications, as well as ensure their scalability.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">And what other possibilities do application controllers have?</span>\r\nIn addition to the function of uniform distribution of user requests, application delivery controllers have many other interesting features. They can provide around-the-clock availability of services, improve web application performance up to five times, reduce risks when launching new services, protect confidential data, and publish internal applications to the outside with secure external access (a potential replacement for outgoing Microsoft TMG).\r\nOne of the most important functions of application delivery controllers, which distinguish them from simple load balancers, is the presence of a functional capable of processing information issued to the user based on certain rules.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What are the prerequisites for implementing application delivery controllers in a particular organization?</span>\r\nA number of factors can determine the criteria for deciding whether to implement application controllers in your organization. First, this is the poor performance of web services, which is a long download of content, frequent hangs and crashes. Secondly, such a prerequisite can be interruptions in the work of services and communication channels, expressed in failures in the transmitting and receiving equipment that ensures the operation of the data transmission network, as well as failures in the operation of servers.\r\nIn addition, it is worth thinking about implementing application delivery controllers if you use Microsoft TMG or Cisco ACE products, since they are no longer supported by the manufacturer. A prerequisite for the implementation of ADC may be the launch of new large web projects, since this process will inevitably entail the need to ensure the operability of this web project with the maintenance of high fault tolerance and performance.\r\nAlso, controllers are needed when you need to provide fault tolerance, continuous availability and high speed of applications that are consolidated in the data center. 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Operating at the individual request level (Layer 7), Application Load Balancer routes traffic to targets within Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (Amazon VPC) based on the content of the request.\r\n<span style=\"font-style: italic;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Network Load Balancer</span></span>\r\nNetwork Load Balancer is best suited for load balancing of TCP traffic where extreme performance is required. Operating at the connection level (Layer 4), Network Load Balancer routes traffic to targets within Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (Amazon VPC) and is capable of handling millions of requests per second while maintaining ultra-low latencies. Network Load Balancer is also optimized to handle sudden and volatile traffic patterns.\r\n<span style=\"font-style: italic;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Classic Load Balancer</span></span>\r\nClassic Load Balancer provides basic load balancing across multiple Amazon EC2 instances and operates at both the request level and connection level. Classic Load Balancer is intended for applications that were built within the EC2-Classic network.\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">BENEFITS</span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Highly Available</span>\r\nElastic Load Balancing automatically distributes incoming traffic across multiple targets – Amazon EC2 instances, containers, and IP addresses – in multiple Availability Zones and ensures only healthy targets receive traffic. Elastic Load Balancing can also load balance across a Region, routing traffic to healthy targets in different Availability Zones.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Secure</span>\r\nElastic Load Balancing works with Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) to provide robust security features, including integrated certificate management and SSL decryption. Together, they give you the flexibility to centrally manage SSL settings and offload CPU intensive workloads from your applications.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Elastic</span>\r\nElastic Load Balancing is capable of handling rapid changes in network traffic patterns. Additionally, deep integration with Auto Scaling ensures sufficient application capacity to meet varying levels of application load without requiring manual intervention.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Flexible</span>\r\nElastic Load Balancing also allows you to use IP addresses to route requests to application targets. This offers you flexibility in how you virtualize your application targets, allowing you to host more applications on the same instance. This also enables these applications to have individual security groups and use the same network port to further simplify inter-application communication in microservices based architecture.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Robust Monitoring and Auditing</span>\r\nElastic Load Balancing allows you to monitor your applications and their performance in real time with Amazon CloudWatch metrics, logging, and request tracing. This improves visibility into the behavior of your applications, uncovering issues and identifying performance bottlenecks in your application stack at the granularity of an individual request.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Hybrid Load Balancing</span>\r\nElastic Load Balancing offers ability to load balance across AWS and on-premises resources using the same load balancer. This makes it easy for you to migrate, burst, or failover on-premises applications to the cloud.","shortDescription":"Amazon Elastic Load Balancing - Achieve fault tolerance for any application by ensuring scalability, performance, and security.","type":null,"isRoiCalculatorAvaliable":false,"isConfiguratorAvaliable":false,"bonus":100,"usingCount":0,"sellingCount":0,"discontinued":0,"rebateForPoc":0,"rebate":0,"seo":{"title":"Amazon Elastic Load Balancing (ELB)","keywords":"Load, Balancing, Elastic, traffic, Amazon, Balancer, load, applications","description":"Elastic Load Balancing automatically distributes incoming application traffic across multiple targets, such as Amazon EC2 instances, containers, and IP addresses. 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They can provide around-the-clock availability of services, improve web application performance up to five times, reduce risks when launching new services, protect confidential data, and publish internal applications to the outside with secure external access (a potential replacement for outgoing Microsoft TMG).\r\nOne of the most important functions of application delivery controllers, which distinguish them from simple load balancers, is the presence of a functional capable of processing information issued to the user based on certain rules.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What are the prerequisites for implementing application delivery controllers in a particular organization?</span>\r\nA number of factors can determine the criteria for deciding whether to implement application controllers in your organization. First, this is the poor performance of web services, which is a long download of content, frequent hangs and crashes. Secondly, such a prerequisite can be interruptions in the work of services and communication channels, expressed in failures in the transmitting and receiving equipment that ensures the operation of the data transmission network, as well as failures in the operation of servers.\r\nIn addition, it is worth thinking about implementing application delivery controllers if you use Microsoft TMG or Cisco ACE products, since they are no longer supported by the manufacturer. A prerequisite for the implementation of ADC may be the launch of new large web projects, since this process will inevitably entail the need to ensure the operability of this web project with the maintenance of high fault tolerance and performance.\r\nAlso, controllers are needed when you need to provide fault tolerance, continuous availability and high speed of applications that are consolidated in the data center. A similar situation arises when it is necessary to build a backup data center: here you also need to ensure fault tolerance between several data centers located in different cities.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What are the prospects for the introduction of application controllers in Russia and in the world?</span>\r\nGartner's research shows that there have recently been marked changes in the market for products that offer load balancing mechanisms. 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It transforms the chaotic volume of network traffic into logically assembled streams of data, and then makes intelligent traffic management decisions, selecting the right destination based on server performance, security, and availability.\r\n\r\nYes, BIG-IP LTM enables sophisticated load balancing. But, that’s just the beginning.\r\nFull proxy means full power.\r\n\r\nIf you can see it, you can manipulate it.\r\n\r\nBecause BIG-IP LTM is a full proxy, you can inspect, manage, and report on application traffic entering and exiting your network. From basic load balancing to complex traffic management decisions based on client, server, or application status, BIG-IP LTM gives you granular control over app traffic.\r\n\r\nFor example, if you want to direct traffic based on the requested URL or log specific server responses to a reporting system, BIG-IP LTM has the architecture and the tools you need to do it.\r\n\r\nOperational efficiency? Check.\r\n\r\nBIG-IP LTM can optimize the speed and reliability of your applications via both network and application layers.\r\n\r\nUsing real-time protocol and traffic management decisions based on application and server conditions, extensive connection management, and TCP and content offloading, BIG-IP LTM dramatically improves page load times and the user experience.\r\n\r\nWhether it’s negotiating high-latency networks or offloading millions of connections, BIG-IP LTM can improve the performance of your infrastructure and your applications.\r\n\r\nThe SSL performance of BIG-IP LTM lets you cost-effectively protect the end-to-end user experience by encrypting everything from the client to the server. It also scales on-demand and absorbs potentially crippling DDoS attacks.\r\n\r\nOften SSL is turned on throughout the network. Thing is, most network security devices aren’t built to detect malicious traffic in layers 4–7. Separating the good and bad traffic is the first problem, taking action on the malicious traffic is the second.\r\n\r\nBIG-IP LTM includes levels of inspection necessary to block bad traffic and allow good traffic to pass through.\r\n\r\n","shortDescription":"BIG-IP Local Traffic Manager (LTM) gives you a depth of understanding about your network’s application traffic and control over how it’s handled.","type":null,"isRoiCalculatorAvaliable":false,"isConfiguratorAvaliable":false,"bonus":100,"usingCount":7,"sellingCount":7,"discontinued":0,"rebateForPoc":0,"rebate":0,"seo":{"title":"BIG-IP Local Traffic Manager","keywords":"traffic, BIG-IP, application, network, server, your, based, management","description":"BIG-IP Local Traffic Manager (LTM) gives you a depth of understanding about your network’s application traffic and control over how it’s handled. 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An application delivery controller is a network device that helps sites direct user traffic to remove excess load from two or more servers. In addition to providing Layer 4 load balancing, ADCs can manage Layer 7 for content switching, and also provide SSL offload and acceleration. They tend to offer more advanced features such as content redirection as well as server health monitoring. An Application delivery controller may also be known as a Web switch, URL switch, Web content switch, content switch and Layer 7 switch.\r\nToday, advanced application delivery controllers and intelligent load balancers are not only affordable, but the consolidation of Layer 4-7 load balancing and content switching, and server offload capabilities such as SSL, data caching and compression provides companies with cost-effective out-of-the-box infrastructure.\r\nFor enterprise organizations (companies with 1,000 or more employees), integrating best-of-breed network infrastructure is commonplace. However best-of-breed does not equate with deploying networks with enterprise-specific features and expensive products, but rather, deploying products that are purpose-built, with the explicit features, performance, reliability and scalability created specifically for the companies of all sizes.\r\nIn general, businesses of all sizes are inclined to purchase “big brand” products. However, smaller vendors that offer products within the same category can provide the optimal performance, features and reliability required, with the same benefits - at a lower cost.\r\nFor the enterprise market, best-of-breed comes with a high Total Cost of Ownership (TCO), since deploying products from various manufacturers requires additional training, maintenance and support. Kemp can help SMBs lower their TCO, and help them build reliable, high performance and scalable web and application infrastructure. Kemp products have a high price/performance value for SMBs. Our products are purpose-built for SMB businesses for dramatically less than the price of “big name” ADC and SLB vendors who are developing features that enterprise customers might use.","materialsDescription":" <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What are application delivery controllers?</span>\r\nApplication Delivery Controllers (ADCs) are the next stage in the development of server load balancing solutions. ADCs allow you to perform not only the tasks of balancing user requests between servers, but also incorporate mechanisms that increase the performance, security and resiliency of applications, as well as ensure their scalability.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">And what other possibilities do application controllers have?</span>\r\nIn addition to the function of uniform distribution of user requests, application delivery controllers have many other interesting features. They can provide around-the-clock availability of services, improve web application performance up to five times, reduce risks when launching new services, protect confidential data, and publish internal applications to the outside with secure external access (a potential replacement for outgoing Microsoft TMG).\r\nOne of the most important functions of application delivery controllers, which distinguish them from simple load balancers, is the presence of a functional capable of processing information issued to the user based on certain rules.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What are the prerequisites for implementing application delivery controllers in a particular organization?</span>\r\nA number of factors can determine the criteria for deciding whether to implement application controllers in your organization. First, this is the poor performance of web services, which is a long download of content, frequent hangs and crashes. Secondly, such a prerequisite can be interruptions in the work of services and communication channels, expressed in failures in the transmitting and receiving equipment that ensures the operation of the data transmission network, as well as failures in the operation of servers.\r\nIn addition, it is worth thinking about implementing application delivery controllers if you use Microsoft TMG or Cisco ACE products, since they are no longer supported by the manufacturer. A prerequisite for the implementation of ADC may be the launch of new large web projects, since this process will inevitably entail the need to ensure the operability of this web project with the maintenance of high fault tolerance and performance.\r\nAlso, controllers are needed when you need to provide fault tolerance, continuous availability and high speed of applications that are consolidated in the data center. A similar situation arises when it is necessary to build a backup data center: here you also need to ensure fault tolerance between several data centers located in different cities.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What are the prospects for the introduction of application controllers in Russia and in the world?</span>\r\nGartner's research shows that there have recently been marked changes in the market for products that offer load balancing mechanisms. In this segment, user demand shifts from servers implementing a simple load balancing mechanism to devices offering richer functionality.\r\nGartner: “The era of load balancing has long gone, and companies need to focus on products that offer richer application delivery functionality.”\r\nIn Russia, due to the specifics of the internal IT market, application controllers are implemented mainly because of the presence of some specific functionality, and not because of the comprehensive solution for delivering applications in general, which this product offers. The main task for which application delivery controllers are now most often sold is the same load balancing function as before.","iconURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/icon_Application_Delivery_Controller_load_balancer_appliance.png"},{"id":562,"title":"DDoS Protection - Appliance","alias":"ddos-protection-appliance","description":"A denial-of-service attack (DoS attack) is a cyber-attack in which the perpetrator seeks to make a machine or network resource unavailable to its intended users by temporarily or indefinitely disrupting services of a host connected to the Internet. Denial of service is typically accomplished by flooding the targeted machine or resource with superfluous requests in an attempt to overload systems and prevent some or all legitimate requests from being fulfilled.\r\nIn a distributed denial-of-service attack (DDoS attack), the incoming traffic flooding the victim originates from many different sources. This effectively makes it impossible to stop the attack simply by blocking a single source.\r\nA DoS or DDoS attack is analogous to a group of people crowding the entry door of a shop, making it hard for legitimate customers to enter, disrupting trade.\r\nCriminal perpetrators of DoS attacks often target sites or services hosted on high-profile web servers such as banks or credit card payment gateways. Revenge, blackmail and activism can motivate these attacks.\r\nBuying a DDoS mitigation appliance can be highly confusing, especially if you have never done this before. While selecting a DDoS protection solution you must understand the right features and have proper background knowledge. In case of distributed denial of service attacks, the bandwidth or resources of any targeted network is flooded with a large amount of malicious traffic. As a result, the system becomes overloaded and crashes. The legitimate users of the network are denied the service. The mail servers, DNS servers and the servers which host high-profile websites are the main target of DDOS attacks. Customers who use services of any shared network are also affected by these attacks. Therefore, anti-DDOS appliances are now vital.","materialsDescription":"<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">DDoS mitigation solution</span>\r\nThere are two types of DDoS mitigation appliances. These include software and hardware solutions. Identical functions may be claimed by both forms of DDoS protection.\r\n<ul><li>Firewalls are the most common protection appliance, which can deny protocols, IP addresses or ports. However, they are not enough strong to provide protection from the more complicated DDoS attacks.</li><li>Switches are also effective solutions for preventing DDoS attacks. Most of these switches possess rate limiting capability and ACL. Some switches provide packet inspection, traffic shaping, delayed binding and rate limiting. They can detect the fake traffic through balancing and rate filtering.</li><li>Like switches, routers also have rate limiting and ACL capability. Most routers are capable of moving under DoS attacks.</li><li>Intrusion prevention systems are another option for you when it comes to protection from DDoS attacks. This solution can be effective in several cases of DDoS attacks. It can identify DDoS attacks and stop them because they possess the granularity as well as processing power required for identifying the attacks. Then they work in an automated manner to resolve the situation.</li><li>There are also rate-based intrusion prevention mechanisms, which are capable of analyzing traffic granularity. This system can also monitor the pattern of traffic.</li></ul>\r\nYou must check the connectivity while selecting a DDoS mitigation appliance. Capacity is also an important aspect of a DDoS protection solutions. You must figure out the number of ports, IPs, protocols, hosts, URLs and user agents that can be monitored by the appliance. An effective DDoS mitigation solution must also be properly customizable. Your DDoS mitigation appliance should be such that it can be upgraded according to your requirements. These are some important factors that you need to consider while choosing a DDoS mitigation appliance for your system.<br /><br />","iconURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/icon_DDoS_Protection_Appliance.png"}],"characteristics":[],"concurentProducts":[],"jobRoles":[],"organizationalFeatures":[],"complementaryCategories":[],"solutions":[],"materials":[],"useCases":[],"best_practices":[],"values":[],"implementations":[]},"cisco-4000-series-integrated-services-routers":{"id":94,"logoURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/Cisco_4000_Series_Integrated_Services_Routers.jpg","logo":true,"scheme":false,"title":"Cisco 4000 Series Integrated Services Routers","vendorVerified":0,"rating":"2.00","implementationsCount":0,"suppliersCount":0,"supplierPartnersCount":125,"alias":"cisco-4000-series-integrated-services-routers","companyTitle":"Cisco","companyTypes":["supplier","vendor"],"companyId":170,"companyAlias":"cisco","description":"<p>The Cisco 4000 Family Integrated Services Router (ISR) revolutionizes WAN communications in the enterprise branch. With new levels of built-in intelligent network capabilities and convergence, it specifically addresses the growing need for application-aware networking in distributed enterprise sites. These locations tend to have lean IT resources. But they often also have a growing need for direct communication with both private data centers and public clouds across diverse links, including Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) VPNs and the Internet.</p>\r\n<p>The Cisco 4000 Family contains the following platforms: the 4461, 4451, 4431, 4351, 4331, 4321 and 4221 ISRs.</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Features and Benefits</span></p>\r\n<p>Cisco 4000 Family ISRs provide you with Cisco&reg; Software Defined WAN (SDWAN) software features and a converged branch infrastructure. Along with superior throughput, these capabilities form the building blocks of next-generation branch-office WAN solutions.</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Cisco Software Defined WAN</span></p>\r\n<p>Cisco SDWAN is a set of intelligent software services that allow you to reliably and securely connect users, devices, and branch office locations across a diverse set of WAN transport links. SDWAN-enabled routers like the ISR 4000 dynamically route traffic across the &ldquo;best&rdquo; link based on up-to-the-minute application and network conditions for great application experiences. You get tight control over application performance, bandwidth usage, data privacy, and availability of your WAN links - control that you need as your branches conduct greater volumes of mission-critical business.</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Cisco Converged Branch Infrastructure</span></p>\r\n<p>The Cisco 4000 Series ISRs consolidate many must-have IT functions, including network, compute, and storage resources. The high-performance, integrated routers run multiple concurrent services, including encryption, traffic management, and WAN optimization, without slowing your data throughput. And you can activate new services on demand through a simple licensing change.</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Cisco Intent Based Networking and Digital Network Architecture (Cisco DNA)</span></p>\r\n<p>The last few years has seen a rapid transformation and adoption of digital technologies. This puts pressure on the on the Network teams supporting this changing infrastructure - especially when provisioning, managing, monitoring and troubleshooting these diverse devices. Additionally innovations such as Software Defined WAN (SDWAN), Network Function Virtualization (NFV), Open APIs and Cloud Management show great promise in transforming Organizations IT networks. This transformation raises further questions and challenges for the IT teams.</p>\r\n<p>The Cisco Digital Network Architecture (Cisco DNA) is an open, extensible, software-driven architecture that provides for faster innovation, helping to generate deeper insights, and deliver exceptional experiences across many different applications. Cisco DNA relies on intent-based networking, a revolutionary approach in networking that helps organizations automate, simplify, and secure the network.</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">The intent-based Cisco DNA network is:</span></p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Informed by Context: Interprets every byte of data that flows across it, resulting in better security, more customized experiences, and faster operations.</li>\r\n<li>Powered by Intent: Translates your intent into the right network configuration, making it possible to manage and provision multiple devices and things in minutes.</li>\r\n<li>Driven by Intuition: Continually learns from the massive amounts of data flowing through it and turns that data into actionable insight. Helps you solve issues before they become problems and learn from every incident.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<p>Cisco DNA Center provides a centralized management dashboard across your entire network &mdash; the branch, campus, data center, and cloud. Rather than relying on box-by-box management, you can design, provision, and set policy end-to-end from the single Cisco DNA Center interface. This allows you to respond to organizational needs faster and to simplify day-to-day operations. Cisco DNA Analytics and Assurance and Cisco Network Data Platform (NDP) help you get the most from your network by continuously collecting and putting insights into action. Cisco DNA is open, extensible, and programmable at every layer. It integrates Cisco and third-party technology, open APIs, and a developer platform, to support a rich ecosystem of network-enabled applications.</p>","shortDescription":"The 4000 Series represents a new, multi-service, branch platform architecture. It helps you connect any user over any connection, and offer a superior user experience.","type":null,"isRoiCalculatorAvaliable":false,"isConfiguratorAvaliable":false,"bonus":100,"usingCount":0,"sellingCount":0,"discontinued":0,"rebateForPoc":0,"rebate":0,"seo":{"title":"Cisco 4000 Series Integrated Services Routers","keywords":"Cisco, network, include, Intelligent, with, integrated, Ethernet, capabilities","description":"<p>The Cisco 4000 Family Integrated Services Router (ISR) revolutionizes WAN communications in the enterprise branch. With new levels of built-in intelligent network capabilities and convergence, it specifically addresses the growing need for application-aware","og:title":"Cisco 4000 Series Integrated Services Routers","og:description":"<p>The Cisco 4000 Family Integrated Services Router (ISR) revolutionizes WAN communications in the enterprise branch. With new levels of built-in intelligent network capabilities and convergence, it specifically addresses the growing need for application-aware","og:image":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/Cisco_4000_Series_Integrated_Services_Routers.jpg"},"eventUrl":"","translationId":94,"dealDetails":null,"roi":null,"price":null,"bonusForReference":null,"templateData":[{"id":87,"title":"Enterprise routers"}],"testingArea":"","categories":[{"id":56,"title":"Router","alias":"router","description":"A router is a networking device that forwards data packets between computer networks. Routers perform the traffic directing functions on the Internet. Data sent through the internet, such as a web page or email, is in the form of data packets. A packet is typically forwarded from one router to another router through the networks that constitute an internetwork (e.g. the Internet) until it reaches its destination node.\r\nA router is connected to two or more data lines from different IP networks. When a data packet comes in on one of the lines, the router reads the network address information in the packet header to determine the ultimate destination. Then, using information in its routing table or routing policy, it directs the packet to the next network on its journey.\r\nThe most familiar type of IP routers are home and small office routers that simply forward IP packets between the home computers and the Internet. An example of a router would be the owner's cable or DSL router, which connects to the Internet through an Internet service provider (ISP). More sophisticated routers, such as enterprise routers, connect large business or ISP networks up to the powerful core routers that forward data at high speed along the optical fiber lines of the Internet backbone.\r\nThe main purpose of a router is to connect multiple networks and forward packets destined either for its own networks or other networks. A router is considered a layer-3 device because its primary forwarding decision is based on the information in the layer-3 IP packet, specifically the destination IP address. When a router receives a packet, it searches its routing table to find the best match between the destination IP address of the packet and one of the addresses in the routing table. Once a match is found, the packet is encapsulated in the layer-2 data link frame for the outgoing interface indicated in the table entry. A router typically does not look into the packet payload,[citation needed] but only at the layer-3 addresses to make a forwarding decision, plus optionally other information in the header for hints on, for example, quality of service (QoS). For pure IP forwarding, a router is designed to minimize the state information associated with individual packets. Once a packet is forwarded, the router does not retain any historical information about the packet.\r\nThe routing table itself can contain information derived from a variety of sources, such as a default or static routes that are configured manually, or dynamic routing protocols where the router learns routes from other routers. A default route is one that is used to route all traffic whose destination does not otherwise appear in the routing table; this is common – even necessary – in small networks, such as a home or small business where the default route simply sends all non-local traffic to the Internet service provider. The default route can be manually configured (as a static route), or learned by dynamic routing protocols, or be obtained by DHCP.\r\nA router can run more than one routing protocol at a time, particularly if it serves as an autonomous system border router between parts of a network that run different routing protocols; if it does so, then redistribution may be used (usually selectively) to share information between the different protocols running on the same router.\r\nBesides making a decision as to which interface a packet is forwarded to, which is handled primarily via the routing table, a router also has to manage congestion when packets arrive at a rate higher than the router can process. Three policies commonly used in the Internet are tail drop, random early detection (RED), and weighted random early detection (WRED). Tail drop is the simplest and most easily implemented; the router simply drops new incoming packets once the length of the queue exceeds the size of the buffers in the router. RED probabilistically drops datagrams early when the queue exceeds a pre-configured portion of the buffer, until a pre-determined max, when it becomes tail drop. WRED requires a weight on the average queue size to act upon when the traffic is about to exceed the pre-configured size, so that short bursts will not trigger random drops.\r\nAnother function a router performs is to decide which packet should be processed first when multiple queues exist. This is managed through QoS, which is critical when Voice over IP is deployed, so as not to introduce excessive latency.\r\nYet another function a router performs is called policy-based routing where special rules are constructed to override the rules derived from the routing table when a packet forwarding decision is made.\r\nRouter functions may be performed through the same internal paths that the packets travel inside the router. Some of the functions may be performed through an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) to avoid overhead of scheduling CPU time to process the packets. Others may have to be performed through the CPU as these packets need special attention that cannot be handled by an ASIC.","materialsDescription":" <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What Is a Router?</span>\r\nRouters are the nodes that make up a computer network like the internet. The router you use at home is the central node of your home network.\r\nIt functions as an information manager between the internet and all devices that go online (i.e. all devices connected to the router). Generally speaking, routers direct incoming traffic to its destination.\r\nThis also makes your router the first line of security in protecting your home network from malicious online attacks.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What Does a Router Do?</span>\r\nYour router handles network traffic. For example, to view this article, data packages coding for this website have to transit from our server, through various nodes on the internet, and finally through your router to arrive on your phone or computer. On your device, your browser decodes those data packages to display the article you’re currently reading.\r\nSince a typical household has more than one device that connects to the internet, you need a router to manage the incoming network signals. In other words, your router makes sure that the data packages coding for a website you want to view on your computer aren’t sent to your phone. It does that by using your device’s MAC address.\r\nWhile your router has a unique (external) IP address to receive data packages from servers worldwide, every device on your home network also carries a unique MAC address. Simply put, when you try to access information online, your router maintains a table to keep track of which device requested information from where. Based on this table, your router distributes incoming data packages to the correct recipient.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What Is the Difference Between Modems and Routers?</span>\r\nA modem turns the proprietary network signal of your ISP (internet service provider) into a standard network signal. In theory, you can choose between multiple ISPs and some of them may use the same delivery route. Your modem knows which signals to read and translate.\r\nThe kind of modem your ISP will provide you with depends on how you’re connecting to the internet. For example, a DSL modem requires a different technology than a cable or fiber optic broadband modem. That’s because one uses the copper wiring of your telephone line, while the others use a coaxial or a fiber optic cable, respectively.\r\nThe DSL modem has to filter and read both the low frequencies that phone and voice data produce, as well as the high frequencies of internet data. Cable modems, on the other hand, have to differentiate between television and internet signals, which are transmitted on different channels, rather than different frequencies. Finally, fiber optic uses pulses of light to transmit information. The modem has to decode these signals into standard data packages.\r\nOnce the modem has turned the ISP’s network signal into data packages, the router can distribute them to the target device.","iconURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/Router1.png"}],"characteristics":[],"concurentProducts":[],"jobRoles":[],"organizationalFeatures":[],"complementaryCategories":[],"solutions":[],"materials":[],"useCases":[],"best_practices":[],"values":[],"implementations":[]},"cisco-7600-series-routers":{"id":423,"logoURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/Marshrutizatory_Cisco_serii_7600.jpg","logo":true,"scheme":false,"title":"Cisco 7600 Series Routers","vendorVerified":0,"rating":"2.00","implementationsCount":2,"suppliersCount":0,"supplierPartnersCount":125,"alias":"cisco-7600-series-routers","companyTitle":"Cisco","companyTypes":["supplier","vendor"],"companyId":170,"companyAlias":"cisco","description":"The Cisco 7600 Series is the industry's first carrier-class edge router to offer integrated, high-density Ethernet switching, carrier-class IP/MPLS routing, and 10-Gbps interfaces, benefiting enterprises and helping enable service providers to deliver both consumer and business services over a single converged Carrier Ethernet network.\r\n\r\nImportant Features:\r\nHigh performance, with up to 720 Gbps in a single chassis, or 40 Gbps capacity per slot\r\nA choice of form factors purpose-built for high availability\r\nCisco I-Flex design: A portfolio of shared port adapters (SPAs) and SPA interface processors (SIPs) that controls voice, video, and data experiences\r\nScalable and extensible suite of hardware and software capabilities to enable intelligent Carrier Ethernet services\r\nIntegrated Video Call Admission Control with innovative visual quality of experience for both broadcast and video on demand (VoD)\r\nIntelligent Services Gateway, providing scalable subscriber and application awareness with multidimensional identity capabilities and policy controls\r\nIntegrated Session Border Control with quality of experience in both Session Initiated Protocol (SIP) and non-SIP applications\r\nApplications:\r\nCarrier Ethernet: Aggregation of consumer and business service\r\nEthernet services edge: Personalized IP services\r\nWireless mesh networking and mobility service convergence\r\nIP/MPLS provider edge routing\r\nEnterprise WAN aggregation\r\nHeadquarters core routing","shortDescription":"Deploy high-performance IP/MPLS features as well as scalable personalized IP services at the network edge, improve operational efficiency, and maximize return on network investments with the Cisco 7600 Series Router.","type":null,"isRoiCalculatorAvaliable":false,"isConfiguratorAvaliable":false,"bonus":100,"usingCount":18,"sellingCount":12,"discontinued":0,"rebateForPoc":0,"rebate":0,"seo":{"title":"Cisco 7600 Series Routers","keywords":"Ethernet, services, with, service, Carrier, edge, routing, both","description":"The Cisco 7600 Series is the industry's first carrier-class edge router to offer integrated, high-density Ethernet switching, carrier-class IP/MPLS routing, and 10-Gbps interfaces, benefiting enterprises and helping enable service providers to deliver both con","og:title":"Cisco 7600 Series Routers","og:description":"The Cisco 7600 Series is the industry's first carrier-class edge router to offer integrated, high-density Ethernet switching, carrier-class IP/MPLS routing, and 10-Gbps interfaces, benefiting enterprises and helping enable service providers to deliver both con","og:image":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/Marshrutizatory_Cisco_serii_7600.jpg"},"eventUrl":"","translationId":424,"dealDetails":null,"roi":null,"price":null,"bonusForReference":null,"templateData":[],"testingArea":"","categories":[{"id":56,"title":"Router","alias":"router","description":"A router is a networking device that forwards data packets between computer networks. Routers perform the traffic directing functions on the Internet. Data sent through the internet, such as a web page or email, is in the form of data packets. A packet is typically forwarded from one router to another router through the networks that constitute an internetwork (e.g. the Internet) until it reaches its destination node.\r\nA router is connected to two or more data lines from different IP networks. When a data packet comes in on one of the lines, the router reads the network address information in the packet header to determine the ultimate destination. Then, using information in its routing table or routing policy, it directs the packet to the next network on its journey.\r\nThe most familiar type of IP routers are home and small office routers that simply forward IP packets between the home computers and the Internet. An example of a router would be the owner's cable or DSL router, which connects to the Internet through an Internet service provider (ISP). More sophisticated routers, such as enterprise routers, connect large business or ISP networks up to the powerful core routers that forward data at high speed along the optical fiber lines of the Internet backbone.\r\nThe main purpose of a router is to connect multiple networks and forward packets destined either for its own networks or other networks. A router is considered a layer-3 device because its primary forwarding decision is based on the information in the layer-3 IP packet, specifically the destination IP address. When a router receives a packet, it searches its routing table to find the best match between the destination IP address of the packet and one of the addresses in the routing table. Once a match is found, the packet is encapsulated in the layer-2 data link frame for the outgoing interface indicated in the table entry. A router typically does not look into the packet payload,[citation needed] but only at the layer-3 addresses to make a forwarding decision, plus optionally other information in the header for hints on, for example, quality of service (QoS). For pure IP forwarding, a router is designed to minimize the state information associated with individual packets. Once a packet is forwarded, the router does not retain any historical information about the packet.\r\nThe routing table itself can contain information derived from a variety of sources, such as a default or static routes that are configured manually, or dynamic routing protocols where the router learns routes from other routers. A default route is one that is used to route all traffic whose destination does not otherwise appear in the routing table; this is common – even necessary – in small networks, such as a home or small business where the default route simply sends all non-local traffic to the Internet service provider. The default route can be manually configured (as a static route), or learned by dynamic routing protocols, or be obtained by DHCP.\r\nA router can run more than one routing protocol at a time, particularly if it serves as an autonomous system border router between parts of a network that run different routing protocols; if it does so, then redistribution may be used (usually selectively) to share information between the different protocols running on the same router.\r\nBesides making a decision as to which interface a packet is forwarded to, which is handled primarily via the routing table, a router also has to manage congestion when packets arrive at a rate higher than the router can process. Three policies commonly used in the Internet are tail drop, random early detection (RED), and weighted random early detection (WRED). Tail drop is the simplest and most easily implemented; the router simply drops new incoming packets once the length of the queue exceeds the size of the buffers in the router. RED probabilistically drops datagrams early when the queue exceeds a pre-configured portion of the buffer, until a pre-determined max, when it becomes tail drop. WRED requires a weight on the average queue size to act upon when the traffic is about to exceed the pre-configured size, so that short bursts will not trigger random drops.\r\nAnother function a router performs is to decide which packet should be processed first when multiple queues exist. This is managed through QoS, which is critical when Voice over IP is deployed, so as not to introduce excessive latency.\r\nYet another function a router performs is called policy-based routing where special rules are constructed to override the rules derived from the routing table when a packet forwarding decision is made.\r\nRouter functions may be performed through the same internal paths that the packets travel inside the router. Some of the functions may be performed through an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) to avoid overhead of scheduling CPU time to process the packets. Others may have to be performed through the CPU as these packets need special attention that cannot be handled by an ASIC.","materialsDescription":" <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What Is a Router?</span>\r\nRouters are the nodes that make up a computer network like the internet. The router you use at home is the central node of your home network.\r\nIt functions as an information manager between the internet and all devices that go online (i.e. all devices connected to the router). Generally speaking, routers direct incoming traffic to its destination.\r\nThis also makes your router the first line of security in protecting your home network from malicious online attacks.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What Does a Router Do?</span>\r\nYour router handles network traffic. For example, to view this article, data packages coding for this website have to transit from our server, through various nodes on the internet, and finally through your router to arrive on your phone or computer. On your device, your browser decodes those data packages to display the article you’re currently reading.\r\nSince a typical household has more than one device that connects to the internet, you need a router to manage the incoming network signals. In other words, your router makes sure that the data packages coding for a website you want to view on your computer aren’t sent to your phone. It does that by using your device’s MAC address.\r\nWhile your router has a unique (external) IP address to receive data packages from servers worldwide, every device on your home network also carries a unique MAC address. Simply put, when you try to access information online, your router maintains a table to keep track of which device requested information from where. Based on this table, your router distributes incoming data packages to the correct recipient.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What Is the Difference Between Modems and Routers?</span>\r\nA modem turns the proprietary network signal of your ISP (internet service provider) into a standard network signal. In theory, you can choose between multiple ISPs and some of them may use the same delivery route. Your modem knows which signals to read and translate.\r\nThe kind of modem your ISP will provide you with depends on how you’re connecting to the internet. For example, a DSL modem requires a different technology than a cable or fiber optic broadband modem. That’s because one uses the copper wiring of your telephone line, while the others use a coaxial or a fiber optic cable, respectively.\r\nThe DSL modem has to filter and read both the low frequencies that phone and voice data produce, as well as the high frequencies of internet data. Cable modems, on the other hand, have to differentiate between television and internet signals, which are transmitted on different channels, rather than different frequencies. Finally, fiber optic uses pulses of light to transmit information. The modem has to decode these signals into standard data packages.\r\nOnce the modem has turned the ISP’s network signal into data packages, the router can distribute them to the target device.","iconURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/Router1.png"}],"characteristics":[],"concurentProducts":[],"jobRoles":[],"organizationalFeatures":[],"complementaryCategories":[],"solutions":[],"materials":[],"useCases":[],"best_practices":[],"values":[],"implementations":[]},"cisco-nexus-7000-series-switches":{"id":411,"logoURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/Kommutatory_Cisco_Nexus_serii_7000.jpg","logo":true,"scheme":false,"title":"Cisco Nexus 7000 Series Switches","vendorVerified":0,"rating":"2.40","implementationsCount":2,"suppliersCount":0,"supplierPartnersCount":125,"alias":"cisco-nexus-7000-series-switches","companyTitle":"Cisco","companyTypes":["supplier","vendor"],"companyId":170,"companyAlias":"cisco","description":"Build a Next-Generation Network\r\n\r\nCisco Nexus 7000 Series Switches create the network foundation for your next-generation Unified Fabric data center. Modular switches, including the Cisco Nexus 7000 and 7700 Series, deliver a comprehensive Cisco NX-OS feature set and open source programmable tools for software-defined network (SDN) deployments. They offer high-density 10, 40, and 100 Gigabit Ethernet with application awareness and performance analytics\r\n\r\nFeatures and Capabilities\r\n\r\nHigh Performance with Comprehensive Feature Set\r\nCisco Nexus 7000 Series Switches offer one of the most comprehensive data center network feature sets in a single platform. They offer high performance, high port density, and a full feature set for data center aggregation, end-of-row, and data center interconnect (DCI) deployments in a highly resilient modular platform.\r\n\r\nThe Cisco Nexus 7000 Series runs on Cisco NX-OS Software. It was specifically developed for the most mission-critical enterprise and service provider deployments.\r\n\r\nThe Cisco Nexus 7000 Series was designed around three principles:\r\n\r\nInfrastructure Scalability\r\nVirtualization, efficient power and cooling, cloud scale with automation, high density, and performance all support efficient data center growth.\r\n\r\nOperational Continuity\r\nThe design integrates hardware, NX-OS software features, and management to support zero-downtime environments.\r\n\r\nTransport Flexibility\r\nYou can incrementally and cost-effectively adopt new networking technologies.\r\n\r\nTechnologies that you can support include:\r\n\r\nRemote Integrated Service Engine (RISE)\r\nDynamic Fabric Automation (DFA)\r\nCisco Overlay Transport Virtualization (OTV)\r\nCisco FabricPath\r\nFibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE)\r\nCisco Locator/ID Separation Protocol (LISP)\r\nCisco IOS Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS)\r\n\r\nInnovations\r\n\r\nNext-Generation Nexus 7700 M3-Series Modules: These feature-rich I/O modules deliver enhanced security, wire-rate performance with deep buffers, and high-capacity TCAMs for low-latency, highly secure, and scalable data centers.\r\n\r\nM3-Series 48-Port 1/10 GE Module\r\nM3-Series 24-Port 40 GE Module\r\nProgrammability with Cisco Open NX-OS: The Cisco Nexus 7000 family of switches offers an industry-leading, comprehensive set of programmable and automation tools for day-0 to day-N configuration and management. The 7000 Series offers standard, open, and programmable API interfaces for provisioning both control and data planes.\r\n\r\nFlexible customization through third-party application hosting capabilities such as Puppet, Chef, and Ansible\r\nUse of the Cisco NX-API for remote programmable access to the switch\r\nVisit the DevNet community for programmability resources.\r\n\r\nVirtual Topology System: Automate overlay provisioning for both virtual and physical workloads for faster application delivery.","shortDescription":"Cisco Nexus 7000 Series Switches create the network foundation for your next-generation Unified Fabric data center. Modular switches, including the Cisco Nexus 7000 and 7700 Series, deliver a comprehensive Cisco NX-OS feature set and open source programmable tools for software-defined network (SDN) deployments.","type":null,"isRoiCalculatorAvaliable":false,"isConfiguratorAvaliable":false,"bonus":100,"usingCount":5,"sellingCount":11,"discontinued":0,"rebateForPoc":0,"rebate":0,"seo":{"title":"Cisco Nexus 7000 Series Switches","keywords":"Cisco, Nexus, 7000, data, Series, center, with, NX-OS","description":"Build a Next-Generation Network\r\n\r\nCisco Nexus 7000 Series Switches create the network foundation for your next-generation Unified Fabric data center. Modular switches, including the Cisco Nexus 7000 and 7700 Series, deliver a comprehensive Cisco NX-OS feature","og:title":"Cisco Nexus 7000 Series Switches","og:description":"Build a Next-Generation Network\r\n\r\nCisco Nexus 7000 Series Switches create the network foundation for your next-generation Unified Fabric data center. Modular switches, including the Cisco Nexus 7000 and 7700 Series, deliver a comprehensive Cisco NX-OS feature","og:image":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/Kommutatory_Cisco_Nexus_serii_7000.jpg"},"eventUrl":"","translationId":412,"dealDetails":null,"roi":null,"price":null,"bonusForReference":null,"templateData":[],"testingArea":"","categories":[{"id":56,"title":"Router","alias":"router","description":"A router is a networking device that forwards data packets between computer networks. Routers perform the traffic directing functions on the Internet. Data sent through the internet, such as a web page or email, is in the form of data packets. A packet is typically forwarded from one router to another router through the networks that constitute an internetwork (e.g. the Internet) until it reaches its destination node.\r\nA router is connected to two or more data lines from different IP networks. When a data packet comes in on one of the lines, the router reads the network address information in the packet header to determine the ultimate destination. Then, using information in its routing table or routing policy, it directs the packet to the next network on its journey.\r\nThe most familiar type of IP routers are home and small office routers that simply forward IP packets between the home computers and the Internet. An example of a router would be the owner's cable or DSL router, which connects to the Internet through an Internet service provider (ISP). More sophisticated routers, such as enterprise routers, connect large business or ISP networks up to the powerful core routers that forward data at high speed along the optical fiber lines of the Internet backbone.\r\nThe main purpose of a router is to connect multiple networks and forward packets destined either for its own networks or other networks. A router is considered a layer-3 device because its primary forwarding decision is based on the information in the layer-3 IP packet, specifically the destination IP address. When a router receives a packet, it searches its routing table to find the best match between the destination IP address of the packet and one of the addresses in the routing table. Once a match is found, the packet is encapsulated in the layer-2 data link frame for the outgoing interface indicated in the table entry. A router typically does not look into the packet payload,[citation needed] but only at the layer-3 addresses to make a forwarding decision, plus optionally other information in the header for hints on, for example, quality of service (QoS). For pure IP forwarding, a router is designed to minimize the state information associated with individual packets. Once a packet is forwarded, the router does not retain any historical information about the packet.\r\nThe routing table itself can contain information derived from a variety of sources, such as a default or static routes that are configured manually, or dynamic routing protocols where the router learns routes from other routers. A default route is one that is used to route all traffic whose destination does not otherwise appear in the routing table; this is common – even necessary – in small networks, such as a home or small business where the default route simply sends all non-local traffic to the Internet service provider. The default route can be manually configured (as a static route), or learned by dynamic routing protocols, or be obtained by DHCP.\r\nA router can run more than one routing protocol at a time, particularly if it serves as an autonomous system border router between parts of a network that run different routing protocols; if it does so, then redistribution may be used (usually selectively) to share information between the different protocols running on the same router.\r\nBesides making a decision as to which interface a packet is forwarded to, which is handled primarily via the routing table, a router also has to manage congestion when packets arrive at a rate higher than the router can process. Three policies commonly used in the Internet are tail drop, random early detection (RED), and weighted random early detection (WRED). Tail drop is the simplest and most easily implemented; the router simply drops new incoming packets once the length of the queue exceeds the size of the buffers in the router. RED probabilistically drops datagrams early when the queue exceeds a pre-configured portion of the buffer, until a pre-determined max, when it becomes tail drop. WRED requires a weight on the average queue size to act upon when the traffic is about to exceed the pre-configured size, so that short bursts will not trigger random drops.\r\nAnother function a router performs is to decide which packet should be processed first when multiple queues exist. This is managed through QoS, which is critical when Voice over IP is deployed, so as not to introduce excessive latency.\r\nYet another function a router performs is called policy-based routing where special rules are constructed to override the rules derived from the routing table when a packet forwarding decision is made.\r\nRouter functions may be performed through the same internal paths that the packets travel inside the router. Some of the functions may be performed through an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) to avoid overhead of scheduling CPU time to process the packets. Others may have to be performed through the CPU as these packets need special attention that cannot be handled by an ASIC.","materialsDescription":" <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What Is a Router?</span>\r\nRouters are the nodes that make up a computer network like the internet. The router you use at home is the central node of your home network.\r\nIt functions as an information manager between the internet and all devices that go online (i.e. all devices connected to the router). Generally speaking, routers direct incoming traffic to its destination.\r\nThis also makes your router the first line of security in protecting your home network from malicious online attacks.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What Does a Router Do?</span>\r\nYour router handles network traffic. For example, to view this article, data packages coding for this website have to transit from our server, through various nodes on the internet, and finally through your router to arrive on your phone or computer. On your device, your browser decodes those data packages to display the article you’re currently reading.\r\nSince a typical household has more than one device that connects to the internet, you need a router to manage the incoming network signals. In other words, your router makes sure that the data packages coding for a website you want to view on your computer aren’t sent to your phone. It does that by using your device’s MAC address.\r\nWhile your router has a unique (external) IP address to receive data packages from servers worldwide, every device on your home network also carries a unique MAC address. Simply put, when you try to access information online, your router maintains a table to keep track of which device requested information from where. Based on this table, your router distributes incoming data packages to the correct recipient.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What Is the Difference Between Modems and Routers?</span>\r\nA modem turns the proprietary network signal of your ISP (internet service provider) into a standard network signal. In theory, you can choose between multiple ISPs and some of them may use the same delivery route. Your modem knows which signals to read and translate.\r\nThe kind of modem your ISP will provide you with depends on how you’re connecting to the internet. For example, a DSL modem requires a different technology than a cable or fiber optic broadband modem. That’s because one uses the copper wiring of your telephone line, while the others use a coaxial or a fiber optic cable, respectively.\r\nThe DSL modem has to filter and read both the low frequencies that phone and voice data produce, as well as the high frequencies of internet data. Cable modems, on the other hand, have to differentiate between television and internet signals, which are transmitted on different channels, rather than different frequencies. Finally, fiber optic uses pulses of light to transmit information. The modem has to decode these signals into standard data packages.\r\nOnce the modem has turned the ISP’s network signal into data packages, the router can distribute them to the target device.","iconURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/Router1.png"}],"characteristics":[],"concurentProducts":[],"jobRoles":[],"organizationalFeatures":[],"complementaryCategories":[],"solutions":[],"materials":[],"useCases":[],"best_practices":[],"values":[],"implementations":[]},"cisco-nexus-9000-series-switches":{"id":716,"logoURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/Kommutatory_Cisco_Nexus_serii_9000.jpg","logo":true,"scheme":false,"title":"Cisco Nexus 9000 Series Switches","vendorVerified":0,"rating":"2.00","implementationsCount":2,"suppliersCount":0,"supplierPartnersCount":125,"alias":"cisco-nexus-9000-series-switches","companyTitle":"Cisco","companyTypes":["supplier","vendor"],"companyId":170,"companyAlias":"cisco","description":"Cloud Scale ASIC technology\r\nInvestment protection with multi-speed ports 10/25/50/100G and line rate encryption, so you can scale as needed. Integrated and streaming analytics brings advance security. Unified ports supporting 10/25GbE and 8/16/32G fiber channel provides convergence.\r\nProgrammability for DevOps\r\nThe industry’s highly programmable switch with open APIs is ideal for DevOps environments. Nexus 9000 open programmability supports built-in DevOps automation tools such as Puppet, Chef, and Ansible.\r\nAutomation\r\nCisco ACI makes the application the focal point of infrastructure. It enables an agile, open, and secure architecture. You can reduce TCO, automate IT tasks, and accelerate data center application deployments.\r\nArchitectural flexibility\r\nGet energy-efficient deployment of 3-tier or leaf-spine architecture. Get flexible port configuration of 1/10/25/40/50/100 GE with storage networking support. This provides a foundation for ACI, our industry-leading automation solution.\r\nScalability\r\nGain up to 172.8 Tbps of nonblocking performance with less than 5-microsecond latency. The switches offer wire-speed gateway, bridging, routing, and our Border Gateway Protocol control plane for VXLAN. Segment routing eases virtualization.\r\nReal-time visibility and telemetry\r\nBuilt-in sensors support Cisco Tetration Analytics for rich traffic flow telemetry and line-rate data collection. Real-time buffer use per port and per queue helps keep track of application traffic patterns.\r\n","shortDescription":"Build a next-generation automated data center. Our Nexus 9000 Series delivers proven high performance and density, low latency, and exceptional power efficiency in a range of form factors. The switches operate in Cisco NX-OS Software or Application Centric Infrastructure (ACI) modes with ground-breaking Cloud Scale ASIC technology. They are ideal for traditional or fully automated data center deployments.","type":null,"isRoiCalculatorAvaliable":false,"isConfiguratorAvaliable":false,"bonus":100,"usingCount":11,"sellingCount":11,"discontinued":0,"rebateForPoc":0,"rebate":0,"seo":{"title":"Cisco Nexus 9000 Series Switches","keywords":"with, application, open, DevOps, Cisco, telemetry, automation, traffic","description":"Cloud Scale ASIC technology\r\nInvestment protection with multi-speed ports 10/25/50/100G and line rate encryption, so you can scale as needed. Integrated and streaming analytics brings advance security. Unified ports supporting 10/25GbE and 8/16/32G fiber chann","og:title":"Cisco Nexus 9000 Series Switches","og:description":"Cloud Scale ASIC technology\r\nInvestment protection with multi-speed ports 10/25/50/100G and line rate encryption, so you can scale as needed. Integrated and streaming analytics brings advance security. Unified ports supporting 10/25GbE and 8/16/32G fiber chann","og:image":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/Kommutatory_Cisco_Nexus_serii_9000.jpg"},"eventUrl":"","translationId":717,"dealDetails":null,"roi":null,"price":null,"bonusForReference":null,"templateData":[],"testingArea":"","categories":[{"id":56,"title":"Router","alias":"router","description":"A router is a networking device that forwards data packets between computer networks. Routers perform the traffic directing functions on the Internet. Data sent through the internet, such as a web page or email, is in the form of data packets. A packet is typically forwarded from one router to another router through the networks that constitute an internetwork (e.g. the Internet) until it reaches its destination node.\r\nA router is connected to two or more data lines from different IP networks. When a data packet comes in on one of the lines, the router reads the network address information in the packet header to determine the ultimate destination. Then, using information in its routing table or routing policy, it directs the packet to the next network on its journey.\r\nThe most familiar type of IP routers are home and small office routers that simply forward IP packets between the home computers and the Internet. An example of a router would be the owner's cable or DSL router, which connects to the Internet through an Internet service provider (ISP). More sophisticated routers, such as enterprise routers, connect large business or ISP networks up to the powerful core routers that forward data at high speed along the optical fiber lines of the Internet backbone.\r\nThe main purpose of a router is to connect multiple networks and forward packets destined either for its own networks or other networks. A router is considered a layer-3 device because its primary forwarding decision is based on the information in the layer-3 IP packet, specifically the destination IP address. When a router receives a packet, it searches its routing table to find the best match between the destination IP address of the packet and one of the addresses in the routing table. Once a match is found, the packet is encapsulated in the layer-2 data link frame for the outgoing interface indicated in the table entry. A router typically does not look into the packet payload,[citation needed] but only at the layer-3 addresses to make a forwarding decision, plus optionally other information in the header for hints on, for example, quality of service (QoS). For pure IP forwarding, a router is designed to minimize the state information associated with individual packets. Once a packet is forwarded, the router does not retain any historical information about the packet.\r\nThe routing table itself can contain information derived from a variety of sources, such as a default or static routes that are configured manually, or dynamic routing protocols where the router learns routes from other routers. A default route is one that is used to route all traffic whose destination does not otherwise appear in the routing table; this is common – even necessary – in small networks, such as a home or small business where the default route simply sends all non-local traffic to the Internet service provider. The default route can be manually configured (as a static route), or learned by dynamic routing protocols, or be obtained by DHCP.\r\nA router can run more than one routing protocol at a time, particularly if it serves as an autonomous system border router between parts of a network that run different routing protocols; if it does so, then redistribution may be used (usually selectively) to share information between the different protocols running on the same router.\r\nBesides making a decision as to which interface a packet is forwarded to, which is handled primarily via the routing table, a router also has to manage congestion when packets arrive at a rate higher than the router can process. Three policies commonly used in the Internet are tail drop, random early detection (RED), and weighted random early detection (WRED). Tail drop is the simplest and most easily implemented; the router simply drops new incoming packets once the length of the queue exceeds the size of the buffers in the router. RED probabilistically drops datagrams early when the queue exceeds a pre-configured portion of the buffer, until a pre-determined max, when it becomes tail drop. WRED requires a weight on the average queue size to act upon when the traffic is about to exceed the pre-configured size, so that short bursts will not trigger random drops.\r\nAnother function a router performs is to decide which packet should be processed first when multiple queues exist. This is managed through QoS, which is critical when Voice over IP is deployed, so as not to introduce excessive latency.\r\nYet another function a router performs is called policy-based routing where special rules are constructed to override the rules derived from the routing table when a packet forwarding decision is made.\r\nRouter functions may be performed through the same internal paths that the packets travel inside the router. Some of the functions may be performed through an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) to avoid overhead of scheduling CPU time to process the packets. Others may have to be performed through the CPU as these packets need special attention that cannot be handled by an ASIC.","materialsDescription":" <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What Is a Router?</span>\r\nRouters are the nodes that make up a computer network like the internet. The router you use at home is the central node of your home network.\r\nIt functions as an information manager between the internet and all devices that go online (i.e. all devices connected to the router). Generally speaking, routers direct incoming traffic to its destination.\r\nThis also makes your router the first line of security in protecting your home network from malicious online attacks.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What Does a Router Do?</span>\r\nYour router handles network traffic. For example, to view this article, data packages coding for this website have to transit from our server, through various nodes on the internet, and finally through your router to arrive on your phone or computer. On your device, your browser decodes those data packages to display the article you’re currently reading.\r\nSince a typical household has more than one device that connects to the internet, you need a router to manage the incoming network signals. In other words, your router makes sure that the data packages coding for a website you want to view on your computer aren’t sent to your phone. It does that by using your device’s MAC address.\r\nWhile your router has a unique (external) IP address to receive data packages from servers worldwide, every device on your home network also carries a unique MAC address. Simply put, when you try to access information online, your router maintains a table to keep track of which device requested information from where. Based on this table, your router distributes incoming data packages to the correct recipient.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What Is the Difference Between Modems and Routers?</span>\r\nA modem turns the proprietary network signal of your ISP (internet service provider) into a standard network signal. In theory, you can choose between multiple ISPs and some of them may use the same delivery route. Your modem knows which signals to read and translate.\r\nThe kind of modem your ISP will provide you with depends on how you’re connecting to the internet. For example, a DSL modem requires a different technology than a cable or fiber optic broadband modem. That’s because one uses the copper wiring of your telephone line, while the others use a coaxial or a fiber optic cable, respectively.\r\nThe DSL modem has to filter and read both the low frequencies that phone and voice data produce, as well as the high frequencies of internet data. Cable modems, on the other hand, have to differentiate between television and internet signals, which are transmitted on different channels, rather than different frequencies. Finally, fiber optic uses pulses of light to transmit information. The modem has to decode these signals into standard data packages.\r\nOnce the modem has turned the ISP’s network signal into data packages, the router can distribute them to the target device.","iconURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/Router1.png"}],"characteristics":[],"concurentProducts":[],"jobRoles":[],"organizationalFeatures":[],"complementaryCategories":[],"solutions":[],"materials":[],"useCases":[],"best_practices":[],"values":[],"implementations":[]},"cisco-small-business-kommutatory":{"id":1394,"logoURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/Cisco_Small_Business_kommutatory.jpg","logo":true,"scheme":false,"title":"Cisco Small Business коммутаторы","vendorVerified":0,"rating":"2.00","implementationsCount":0,"suppliersCount":0,"supplierPartnersCount":125,"alias":"cisco-small-business-kommutatory","companyTitle":"Cisco","companyTypes":["supplier","vendor"],"companyId":170,"companyAlias":"cisco","description":null,"shortDescription":null,"type":null,"isRoiCalculatorAvaliable":false,"isConfiguratorAvaliable":false,"bonus":100,"usingCount":1,"sellingCount":6,"discontinued":0,"rebateForPoc":0,"rebate":0,"seo":{"title":"Cisco Small Business коммутаторы","keywords":"Cisco, Small, Business, коммутаторы","description":"","og:title":"Cisco Small Business коммутаторы","og:description":"","og:image":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/Cisco_Small_Business_kommutatory.jpg"},"eventUrl":"","translationId":7086,"dealDetails":null,"roi":null,"price":null,"bonusForReference":null,"templateData":[],"testingArea":"","categories":[{"id":56,"title":"Router","alias":"router","description":"A router is a networking device that forwards data packets between computer networks. Routers perform the traffic directing functions on the Internet. Data sent through the internet, such as a web page or email, is in the form of data packets. A packet is typically forwarded from one router to another router through the networks that constitute an internetwork (e.g. the Internet) until it reaches its destination node.\r\nA router is connected to two or more data lines from different IP networks. When a data packet comes in on one of the lines, the router reads the network address information in the packet header to determine the ultimate destination. Then, using information in its routing table or routing policy, it directs the packet to the next network on its journey.\r\nThe most familiar type of IP routers are home and small office routers that simply forward IP packets between the home computers and the Internet. An example of a router would be the owner's cable or DSL router, which connects to the Internet through an Internet service provider (ISP). More sophisticated routers, such as enterprise routers, connect large business or ISP networks up to the powerful core routers that forward data at high speed along the optical fiber lines of the Internet backbone.\r\nThe main purpose of a router is to connect multiple networks and forward packets destined either for its own networks or other networks. A router is considered a layer-3 device because its primary forwarding decision is based on the information in the layer-3 IP packet, specifically the destination IP address. When a router receives a packet, it searches its routing table to find the best match between the destination IP address of the packet and one of the addresses in the routing table. Once a match is found, the packet is encapsulated in the layer-2 data link frame for the outgoing interface indicated in the table entry. A router typically does not look into the packet payload,[citation needed] but only at the layer-3 addresses to make a forwarding decision, plus optionally other information in the header for hints on, for example, quality of service (QoS). For pure IP forwarding, a router is designed to minimize the state information associated with individual packets. Once a packet is forwarded, the router does not retain any historical information about the packet.\r\nThe routing table itself can contain information derived from a variety of sources, such as a default or static routes that are configured manually, or dynamic routing protocols where the router learns routes from other routers. A default route is one that is used to route all traffic whose destination does not otherwise appear in the routing table; this is common – even necessary – in small networks, such as a home or small business where the default route simply sends all non-local traffic to the Internet service provider. The default route can be manually configured (as a static route), or learned by dynamic routing protocols, or be obtained by DHCP.\r\nA router can run more than one routing protocol at a time, particularly if it serves as an autonomous system border router between parts of a network that run different routing protocols; if it does so, then redistribution may be used (usually selectively) to share information between the different protocols running on the same router.\r\nBesides making a decision as to which interface a packet is forwarded to, which is handled primarily via the routing table, a router also has to manage congestion when packets arrive at a rate higher than the router can process. Three policies commonly used in the Internet are tail drop, random early detection (RED), and weighted random early detection (WRED). Tail drop is the simplest and most easily implemented; the router simply drops new incoming packets once the length of the queue exceeds the size of the buffers in the router. RED probabilistically drops datagrams early when the queue exceeds a pre-configured portion of the buffer, until a pre-determined max, when it becomes tail drop. WRED requires a weight on the average queue size to act upon when the traffic is about to exceed the pre-configured size, so that short bursts will not trigger random drops.\r\nAnother function a router performs is to decide which packet should be processed first when multiple queues exist. This is managed through QoS, which is critical when Voice over IP is deployed, so as not to introduce excessive latency.\r\nYet another function a router performs is called policy-based routing where special rules are constructed to override the rules derived from the routing table when a packet forwarding decision is made.\r\nRouter functions may be performed through the same internal paths that the packets travel inside the router. Some of the functions may be performed through an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) to avoid overhead of scheduling CPU time to process the packets. Others may have to be performed through the CPU as these packets need special attention that cannot be handled by an ASIC.","materialsDescription":" <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What Is a Router?</span>\r\nRouters are the nodes that make up a computer network like the internet. The router you use at home is the central node of your home network.\r\nIt functions as an information manager between the internet and all devices that go online (i.e. all devices connected to the router). Generally speaking, routers direct incoming traffic to its destination.\r\nThis also makes your router the first line of security in protecting your home network from malicious online attacks.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What Does a Router Do?</span>\r\nYour router handles network traffic. For example, to view this article, data packages coding for this website have to transit from our server, through various nodes on the internet, and finally through your router to arrive on your phone or computer. On your device, your browser decodes those data packages to display the article you’re currently reading.\r\nSince a typical household has more than one device that connects to the internet, you need a router to manage the incoming network signals. In other words, your router makes sure that the data packages coding for a website you want to view on your computer aren’t sent to your phone. It does that by using your device’s MAC address.\r\nWhile your router has a unique (external) IP address to receive data packages from servers worldwide, every device on your home network also carries a unique MAC address. Simply put, when you try to access information online, your router maintains a table to keep track of which device requested information from where. Based on this table, your router distributes incoming data packages to the correct recipient.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What Is the Difference Between Modems and Routers?</span>\r\nA modem turns the proprietary network signal of your ISP (internet service provider) into a standard network signal. In theory, you can choose between multiple ISPs and some of them may use the same delivery route. Your modem knows which signals to read and translate.\r\nThe kind of modem your ISP will provide you with depends on how you’re connecting to the internet. For example, a DSL modem requires a different technology than a cable or fiber optic broadband modem. That’s because one uses the copper wiring of your telephone line, while the others use a coaxial or a fiber optic cable, respectively.\r\nThe DSL modem has to filter and read both the low frequencies that phone and voice data produce, as well as the high frequencies of internet data. Cable modems, on the other hand, have to differentiate between television and internet signals, which are transmitted on different channels, rather than different frequencies. Finally, fiber optic uses pulses of light to transmit information. The modem has to decode these signals into standard data packages.\r\nOnce the modem has turned the ISP’s network signal into data packages, the router can distribute them to the target device.","iconURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/Router1.png"}],"characteristics":[],"concurentProducts":[],"jobRoles":[],"organizationalFeatures":[],"complementaryCategories":[],"solutions":[],"materials":[],"useCases":[],"best_practices":[],"values":[],"implementations":[]},"endian-industrial-iot-security":{"id":4710,"logoURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/Endian-logo.jpg","logo":true,"scheme":false,"title":"Endian Industrial IoT Security","vendorVerified":0,"rating":"0.00","implementationsCount":0,"suppliersCount":0,"supplierPartnersCount":0,"alias":"endian-industrial-iot-security","companyTitle":"Endian","companyTypes":["supplier","vendor"],"companyId":5220,"companyAlias":"endian","description":"<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Industrial VPN Connectivity</span>\r\nThe Endian 4i Edge products provide the best and most comprehensive lineup of simple and secure remote access options of any product on the market. These allow you to connect the 4i Edge to virtually any corporate or industrial VPN network to remotely monitor and manage your critical equipment (PLC, HMI, etc.) in real-time. Provide complete Industrial IoT Security to your network.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Centralized Network Management</span>\r\nCentrally manage all your Endian appliances. Reduce administrator management time and effort and save valuable staff resources with centralized management made easy with Endian Management Center (EMC).\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Remote IoT and M2M Communication</span>\r\nEndian 4i Edge series comes with all new Industrial IoT and M2M features to enable you to better communicate with your remote equipment in real-time. The main feature uses a technology called Serial over IP which allows you to simply and securely access a remote serial port connection to your PLC in the field from anywhere in the world.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Unlimited Connectivity</span>\r\nThe Endian 4i Edge series supports virtually any kind of Internet connection making it extremely adaptable to suit almost any project requirement. All of these connectivity options ensure your remote endpoints and networks have the highest levels of availability which keeps your business running smoothly.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Deploy Anywhere (Even Behind Firewalls)</span>\r\nEndian can be deployed virtually anywhere usually with little to no disruption to the existing infrastructure. Our VPN technology allows our 4i appliances to get connected even behind existing corporate firewalls.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">NERC CIP Compliance (Whitepaper)</span>\r\nDownload our new whitepaper today to learn how the Endian solutions can help you to meet the relevant components of NERC CIP standards.&nbsp; This detailed guide will show you all the ways that Endian partners and products can help your business with compliance.\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Endian 4i - Industrial VPN Router Features</span>\r\n<ul><li>Stateful Firewall</li><li>Multi-WAN (with Failover)</li><li>Intrusion Prevention (IPS)</li><li>Centralized Management</li><li>High Availability (Hardware Failover)</li><li>Reporting</li><li>VPN (OpenVPN &amp; IPSec)</li></ul>","shortDescription":"The Endian 4i Edge series brings an unparalleled level of hardware performance and features to the industrial VPN router market.","type":null,"isRoiCalculatorAvaliable":false,"isConfiguratorAvaliable":false,"bonus":100,"usingCount":10,"sellingCount":9,"discontinued":0,"rebateForPoc":0,"rebate":0,"seo":{"title":"Endian Industrial IoT Security","keywords":"","description":"<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Industrial VPN Connectivity</span>\r\nThe Endian 4i Edge products provide the best and most comprehensive lineup of simple and secure remote access options of any product on the market. These allow you to connect the 4i Edge to v","og:title":"Endian Industrial IoT Security","og:description":"<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Industrial VPN Connectivity</span>\r\nThe Endian 4i Edge products provide the best and most comprehensive lineup of simple and secure remote access options of any product on the market. These allow you to connect the 4i Edge to v","og:image":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/Endian-logo.jpg"},"eventUrl":"","translationId":4711,"dealDetails":null,"roi":null,"price":null,"bonusForReference":null,"templateData":[],"testingArea":"","categories":[{"id":834,"title":"IoT - Internet of Things Security","alias":"iot-internet-of-things-security","description":" IoT security is the technology area concerned with safeguarding connected devices and networks in the internet of things (IoT).\r\nIoT involves adding internet connectivity to a system of interrelated computing devices, mechanical and digital machines, objects, animals and/or people. Each &quot;thing&quot; is provided a unique identifier and the ability to automatically transfer data over a network. Allowing devices to connect to the internet opens them up to a number of serious vulnerabilities if they are not properly protected.\r\nIoT security has become the subject of scrutiny after a number of high-profile incidents where a common IoT device was used to infiltrate and attack the larger network. Implementing security measures is critical to ensuring the safety of networks with IoT devices connected to them.\r\nIoT security hacks can happen in any industry, from smart home to a manufacturing plant to a connected car. The severity of impact depends greatly on the individual system, the data collected and/or the information it contains.\r\nAn attack disabling the brakes of a connected car, for example, or on a connected health device, such as an insulin pump hacked to administer too much medication to a patient, can be life-threatening. Likewise, an attack on a refrigeration system housing medicine that is monitored by an IoT system can ruin the viability of a medicine if temperatures fluctuate. Similarly, an attack on critical infrastructure -- an oil well, energy grid or water supply -- can be disastrous.\r\nSo, a robust IoT security portfolio must allow protecting devices from all types of vulnerabilities while deploying the security level that best matches application needs. Cryptography technologies are used to combat communication attacks. Security services are offered for protecting against lifecycle attacks. Isolation measures can be implemented to fend off software attacks. And, finally, IoT security should include tamper mitigation and side-channel attack mitigation technologies for fighting physical attacks of the chip.","materialsDescription":" <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What are the key requirements of IoT Security?</span>\r\nThe key requirements for any IoT security solution are:\r\n<ul><li>Device and data security, including authentication of devices and confidentiality and integrity of data</li><li>Implementing and running security operations at IoT scale</li><li>Meeting compliance requirements and requests</li><li>Meeting performance requirements as per the use case</li></ul>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What do connected devices require to participate in the IoT Securely?</span>\r\nTo securely participate in the IoT, each connected device needs a unique identification – even before it has an IP address. This digital credential establishes the root of trust for the device’s entire lifecycle, from initial design to deployment to retirement.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Why is device authentication necessary for the IoT?</span>\r\nStrong IoT device authentication is required to ensure connected devices on the IoT can be trusted to be what they purport to be. Consequently, each IoT device needs a unique identity that can be authenticated when the device attempts to connect to a gateway or central server. With this unique ID in place, IT system administrators can track each device throughout its lifecycle, communicate securely with it, and prevent it from executing harmful processes. If a device exhibits unexpected behavior, administrators can simply revoke its privileges.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Why is secure manufacturing necessary for IoT devices?</span>\r\nIoT devices produced through unsecured manufacturing processes provide criminals opportunities to change production runs to introduce unauthorized code or produce additional units that are subsequently sold on the black market.\r\nOne way to secure manufacturing processes is to use hardware security modules (HSMs) and supporting security software to inject cryptographic keys and digital certificates and to control the number of units built and the code incorporated into each.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Why is code signing necessary for IoT devices?</span>\r\nTo protect businesses, brands, partners, and users from software that has been infected by malware, software developers have adopted code signing. In the IoT, code signing in the software release process ensures the integrity of IoT device software and firmware updates and defends against the risks associated with code tampering or code that deviates from organizational policies.\r\nIn public key cryptography, code signing is a specific use of certificate-based digital signatures that enables an organization to verify the identity of the software publisher and certify the software has not been changed since it was published.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What is IoT PKI?</span>\r\nToday there are more things (devices) online than there are people on the planet! Devices are the number one users of the Internet and need digital identities for secure operation. As enterprises seek to transform their business models to stay competitive, rapid adoption of IoT technologies is creating increasing demand for Public Key Infrastructures (PKIs) to provide digital certificates for the growing number of devices and the software and firmware they run.\r\nSafe IoT deployments require not only trusting the devices to be authentic and to be who they say they are, but also trusting that the data they collect is real and not altered. If one cannot trust the IoT devices and the data, there is no point in collecting, running analytics, and executing decisions based on the information collected.\r\nSecure adoption of IoT requires:\r\n<ul><li>Enabling mutual authentication between connected devices and applications</li><li>Maintaining the integrity and confidentiality of the data collected by devices</li><li>Ensuring the legitimacy and integrity of the software downloaded to devices</li><li>Preserving the privacy of sensitive data in light of stricter security regulations</li></ul>","iconURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/iot.png"},{"id":540,"title":"Security Hardware","alias":"security-hardware","description":"Hardware security as a discipline originated out of cryptographic engineering and involves hardware design, access control, secure multi-party computation, secure key storage, ensuring code authenticity and measures to ensure that the supply chain that built the product is secure, among other things.\r\nA hardware security module (HSM) is a physical computing device that safeguards and manages digital keys for strong authentication and provides cryptoprocessing. These modules traditionally come in the form of a plug-in card or an external device that attaches directly to a computer or network server.\r\nSome providers in this discipline consider that the key difference between hardware security and software security is that hardware security is implemented using &quot;non-Turing-machine&quot; logic (raw combinatorial logic or simple state machines). One approach, referred to as &quot;hardsec&quot;, uses FPGAs to implement non-Turing-machine security controls as a way of combining the security of hardware with the flexibility of software.\r\nHardware backdoors are backdoors in hardware. Conceptionally related, a hardware Trojan (HT) is a malicious modification of an electronic system, particularly in the context of an integrated circuit.\r\nA physical unclonable function (PUF) is a physical entity that is embodied in a physical structure and is easy to evaluate but hard to predict. Further, an individual PUF device must be easy to make but practically impossible to duplicate, even given the exact manufacturing process that produced it. In this respect, it is the hardware analog of a one-way function. The name &quot;physically unclonable function&quot; might be a little misleading as some PUFs are clonable, and most PUFs are noisy and therefore do not achieve the requirements for a function. Today, PUFs are usually implemented in integrated circuits and are typically used in applications with high-security requirements.\r\nMany attacks on sensitive data and resources reported by organizations occur from within the organization itself.","materialsDescription":"<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What is hardware information security?</span>\r\nHardware means various types of devices (mechanical, electromechanical, electronic, etc.), which solve information protection problems with hardware. They impede access to information, including through its disguise. The hardware includes: noise generators, surge protectors, scanning radios and many other devices that &quot;block&quot; potential channels of information leakage or allow them to be detected. The advantages of technical means are related to their reliability, independence from subjective factors and high resistance to modification. The weaknesses include a lack of flexibility, relatively large volume and mass and high cost. The hardware for information protection includes the most diverse technical structures in terms of operation, device and capabilities, which ensure the suppression of disclosure, protection against leakage and counteraction to unauthorized access to sources of confidential information.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Where is the hardware used to protect information?</span>\r\nHardware information protection is used to solve the following problems:\r\n<ul><li>conducting special studies of technical means of ensuring production activity for the presence of possible channels of information leakage;</li><li>identification of information leakage channels at various objects and in premises;</li><li>localization of information leakage channels;</li><li>search and detection of industrial espionage tools;</li><li>countering unauthorized access to confidential information sources and other actions.</li></ul>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What is the classification of information security hardware?</span>\r\nAccording to the functional purpose, the hardware can be classified into detection tools, search tools and detailed measurements and active and passive countermeasures. At the same time, according to their technical capabilities, information protection tools can be general-purpose, designed for use by non-professionals in order to obtain preliminary (general) estimates, and professional complexes that allow for a thorough search, detection and precision measurement of all the characteristics of industrial espionage equipment. As an example of the former, we can consider a group of IP electromagnetic radiation indicators, which have a wide range of received signals and rather low sensitivity. As a second example - a complex for the detection and direction finding of radio bookmarks, designed to automatically detect and locate radio transmitters, radio microphones, telephone bookmarks and network radio transmitters.<br /><br />","iconURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/icon_Security_Hardware.png"},{"id":471,"title":"Hardware","alias":"hardware","description":" Computer hardware includes the physical, tangible parts or components of a computer, such as the cabinet, central processing unit, monitor, keyboard, computer data storage, graphics card, sound card, speakers and motherboard. By contrast, software is instructions that can be stored and run by hardware. Hardware is so-termed because it is &quot;hard&quot; or rigid with respect to changes or modifications; whereas software is &quot;soft&quot; because it is easy to update or change. Intermediate between software and hardware is &quot;firmware&quot;, which is software that is strongly coupled to the particular hardware of a computer system and thus the most difficult to change but also among the most stable with respect to consistency of interface. The progression from levels of &quot;hardness&quot; to &quot;softness&quot; in computer systems parallels a progression of layers of abstraction in computing.\r\nHardware is typically directed by the software to execute any command or instruction. A combination of hardware and software forms a usable computing system, although other systems exist with only hardware components.\r\nThe template for all modern computers is the Von Neumann architecture, detailed in a 1945 paper by Hungarian mathematician John von Neumann. This describes a design architecture for an electronic digital computer with subdivisions of a processing unit consisting of an arithmetic logic unit and processor registers, a control unit containing an instruction register and program counter, a memory to store both data and instructions, external mass storage, and input and output mechanisms. The meaning of the term has evolved to mean a stored-program computer in which an instruction fetch and a data operation cannot occur at the same time because they share a common bus. This is referred to as the Von Neumann bottleneck and often limits the performance of the system.","materialsDescription":" <span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">What does Hardware (H/W) mean?</span>\r\nHardware (H/W), in the context of technology, refers to the physical elements that make up a computer or electronic system and everything else involved that is physically tangible. This includes the monitor, hard drive, memory and CPU. Hardware works hand-in-hand with firmware and software to make a computer function.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">What are the types of computer systems?</span>\r\n<span style=\"font-style: italic; \"><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Personal computer</span></span>\r\nThe personal computer, also known as the PC, is one of the most common types of computer due to its versatility and relatively low price. Laptops are generally very similar, although they may use lower-power or reduced size components, thus lower performance.\r\n<span style=\"font-style: italic; \"><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Case</span></span>\r\nThe computer case encloses and holds most of the components of the system. It provides mechanical support and protection for internal elements such as the motherboard, disk drives, and power supplies, and controls and directs the flow of cooling air over internal components. The case is also part of the system to control electromagnetic interference radiated by the computer, and protects internal parts from electrostatic discharge. Large tower cases provide extra internal space for multiple disk drives or other peripherals and usually stand on the floor, while desktop cases provide less expansion room. All-in-one style designs include a video display built into the same case. Portable and laptop computers require cases that provide impact protection for the unit. A current development in laptop computers is a detachable keyboard, which allows the system to be configured as a touch-screen tablet. Hobbyists may decorate the cases with colored lights, paint, or other features, in an activity called case modding.\r\n<span style=\"font-style: italic; \"><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Power supply</span></span>\r\nA power supply unit (PSU) converts alternating current (AC) electric power to low-voltage direct current (DC) power for the internal components of the computer. Laptops are capable of running from a built-in battery, normally for a period of hours. The PSU typically uses a switched-mode power supply (SMPS), with power MOSFETs (power metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors) used in the converters and regulator circuits of the SMPS.\r\n<span style=\"font-style: italic; \"><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Motherboard</span></span>\r\nThe motherboard is the main component of a computer. It is a board with integrated circuitry that connects the other parts of the computer including the CPU, the RAM, the disk drives (CD, DVD, hard disk, or any others) as well as any peripherals connected via the ports or the expansion slots. The integrated circuit (IC) chips in a computer typically contain billions of tiny metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs).\r\nComponents directly attached to or to part of the motherboard include:\r\n<ul><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">The CPU (central processing unit)</span>, which performs most of the calculations which enable a computer to function, and is referred to as the brain of the computer which get a hold of program instruction from random-access memory (RAM), interprets and processes it and then send it backs to computer result so that the relevant components can carry out the instructions. The CPU is a microprocessor, which is fabricated on a metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) integrated circuit (IC) chip. It is usually cooled by a heat sink and fan, or water-cooling system. Most newer CPU include an on-die graphics processing unit (GPU). The clock speed of CPU governs how fast it executes instructions, and is measured in GHz; typical values lie between 1 GHz and 5 GHz. Many modern computers have the option to overclock the CPU which enhances performance at the expense of greater thermal output and thus a need for improved cooling.</li><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">The chipset</span>, which includes the north bridge, mediates communication between the CPU and the other components of the system, including main memory; as well as south bridge, which is connected to the north bridge, and supports auxiliary interfaces and buses; and, finally, a Super I/O chip, connected through the south bridge, which supports the slowest and most legacy components like serial ports, hardware monitoring and fan control.</li><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Random-access memory (RAM)</span>, which stores the code and data that are being actively accessed by the CPU. For example, when a web browser is opened on the computer it takes up memory; this is stored in the RAM until the web browser is closed. It is typically a type of dynamic RAM (DRAM), such as synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), where MOS memory chips store data on memory cells consisting of MOSFETs and MOS capacitors. RAM usually comes on dual in-line memory modules (DIMMs) in the sizes of 2GB, 4GB, and 8GB, but can be much larger.</li><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Read-only memory (ROM)</span>, which stores the BIOS that runs when the computer is powered on or otherwise begins execution, a process known as Bootstrapping, or &quot;booting&quot; or &quot;booting up&quot;. The ROM is typically a nonvolatile BIOS memory chip, which stores data on floating-gate MOSFET memory cells.</li><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">The BIOS (Basic Input Output System)</span> includes boot firmware and power management firmware. Newer motherboards use Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI) instead of BIOS.</li><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Buses</span> that connect the CPU to various internal components and to expand cards for graphics and sound.</li><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">The CMOS</span> (complementary MOS) battery, which powers the CMOS memory for date and time in the BIOS chip. This battery is generally a watch battery.</li><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">The video card</span> (also known as the graphics card), which processes computer graphics. More powerful graphics cards are better suited to handle strenuous tasks, such as playing intensive video games or running computer graphics software. A video card contains a graphics processing unit (GPU) and video memory (typically a type of SDRAM), both fabricated on MOS integrated circuit (MOS IC) chips.</li><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Power MOSFETs</span> make up the voltage regulator module (VRM), which controls how much voltage other hardware components receive.</li></ul>\r\n<span style=\"font-style: italic; \"><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Expansion cards</span></span>\r\nAn expansion card in computing is a printed circuit board that can be inserted into an expansion slot of a computer motherboard or backplane to add functionality to a computer system via the expansion bus. Expansion cards can be used to obtain or expand on features not offered by the motherboard.\r\n<span style=\"font-style: italic; \"><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Storage devices</span></span>\r\nA storage device is any computing hardware and digital media that is used for storing, porting and extracting data files and objects. It can hold and store information both temporarily and permanently, and can be internal or external to a computer, server or any similar computing device. Data storage is a core function and fundamental component of computers.\r\n<span style=\"font-style: italic; \"><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Fixed media</span></span>\r\nData is stored by a computer using a variety of media. Hard disk drives (HDDs) are found in virtually all older computers, due to their high capacity and low cost, but solid-state drives (SSDs) are faster and more power efficient, although currently more expensive than hard drives in terms of dollar per gigabyte, so are often found in personal computers built post-2007. SSDs use flash memory, which stores data on MOS memory chips consisting of floating-gate MOSFET memory cells. Some systems may use a disk array controller for greater performance or reliability.\r\n<span style=\"font-style: italic; \"><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Removable media</span></span>\r\nTo transfer data between computers, an external flash memory device (such as a memory card or USB flash drive) or optical disc (such as a CD-ROM, DVD-ROM or BD-ROM) may be used. Their usefulness depends on being readable by other systems; the majority of machines have an optical disk drive (ODD), and virtually all have at least one Universal Serial Bus (USB) port.\r\n<span style=\"font-style: italic; \"><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Input and output peripherals</span></span>\r\nInput and output devices are typically housed externally to the main computer chassis. The following are either standard or very common to many computer systems.\r\n<span style=\"font-style: italic; \"><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Input</span></span>\r\nInput devices allow the user to enter information into the system, or control its operation. Most personal computers have a mouse and keyboard, but laptop systems typically use a touchpad instead of a mouse. Other input devices include webcams, microphones, joysticks, and image scanners.\r\n<span style=\"font-style: italic; \"><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Output device</span></span>\r\nOutput devices display information in a human readable form. Such devices could include printers, speakers, monitors or a Braille embosser.\r\n<span style=\"font-style: italic; \"><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Mainframe computer</span></span>\r\nA mainframe computer is a much larger computer that typically fills a room and may cost many hundreds or thousands of times as much as a personal computer. They are designed to perform large numbers of calculations for governments and large enterprises.\r\n<span style=\"font-style: italic; \"><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Departmental computing</span></span>\r\nIn the 1960s and 1970s, more and more departments started to use cheaper and dedicated systems for specific purposes like process control and laboratory automation.\r\n<span style=\"font-style: italic;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Supercomputer</span></span>\r\nA supercomputer is superficially similar to a mainframe, but is instead intended for extremely demanding computational tasks. As of June 2018, the fastest supercomputer on the TOP500supercomputer list is the Summit, in the United States, with a LINPACK benchmarkscore of 122.3 PFLOPS Light, by around 29 PFLOPS.\r\nThe term supercomputer does not refer to a specific technology. Rather it indicates the fastest computations available at any given time. In mid 2011, the fastest supercomputers boasted speeds exceeding one petaflop, or 1 quadrillion (10^15 or 1,000 trillion) floating point operations per second. Supercomputers are fast but extremely costly, so they are generally used by large organizations to execute computationally demanding tasks involving large data sets. Supercomputers typically run military and scientific applications. Although costly, they are also being used for commercial applications where huge amounts of data must be analyzed. For example, large banks employ supercomputers to calculate the risks and returns of various investment strategies, and healthcare organizations use them to analyze giant databases of patient data to determine optimal treatments for various diseases and problems incurring to the country. ","iconURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/icon_Hardware.jpg"},{"id":513,"title":"Networking","alias":"networking","description":" Networking hardware, also known as network equipment or computer networking devices, are electronic devices which are required for communication and interaction between devices on a computer network. Specifically, they mediate data transmission in a computer network. Units which are the last receiver or generate data are called hosts or data terminal equipment.\r\nNetworking devices may include gateways, routers, network bridges, modems, wireless access points, networking cables, line drivers, switches, hubs, and repeaters; and may also include hybrid network devices such as multilayer switches, protocol converters, bridge routers, proxy servers, firewalls, network address translators, multiplexers, network interface controllers, wireless network interface controllers, ISDN terminal adapters and other related hardware.\r\nThe most common kind of networking hardware today is a copper-based Ethernet adapter which is a standard inclusion on most modern computer systems. Wireless networking has become increasingly popular, especially for portable and handheld devices.\r\nOther networking hardware used in computers includes data center equipment (such as file servers, database servers and storage areas), network services (such as DNS, DHCP, email, etc.) as well as devices which assure content delivery.\r\nTaking a wider view, mobile phones, tablet computers and devices associated with the internet of things may also be considered networking hardware. As technology advances and IP-based networks are integrated into building infrastructure and household utilities, network hardware will become an ambiguous term owing to the vastly increasing number of network capable endpoints.","materialsDescription":" <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What is network equipment?</span>\r\nNetwork equipment - devices necessary for the operation of a computer network, for example: a router, switch, hub, patch panel, etc. You can distinguish between active and passive network equipment.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What is an active network equipment?</span>\r\nActive networking equipment is equipment followed by some “smart” feature. That is, a router, switch (switch), etc. are active network equipment.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What is passive network equipment?</span>\r\nPassive network equipment - equipment not endowed with &quot;intellectual&quot; features. For example - cable system: cable (coaxial and twisted pair (UTP/STP)), plug / socket (RG58, RJ45, RJ11, GG45), repeater (repeater), patch panel, hub (hub), balun (balun) for coaxial cables (RG-58), etc. Also, passive equipment can include mounting cabinets and racks, telecommunication cabinets.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What are the main network components?</span>\r\nThe main components of the network are workstations, servers, transmission media (cables) and network equipment.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What are workstations?</span>\r\nWorkstations are network computers where network users implement application tasks.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What are network servers?</span>\r\nNetwork servers - hardware and software systems that perform the functions of controlling the distribution of network shared resources. A server can be any computer connected to the network on which the resources used by other devices on the local network are located. As the server hardware, fairly powerful computers are used.","iconURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/icon_Networking.png"},{"id":56,"title":"Router","alias":"router","description":"A router is a networking device that forwards data packets between computer networks. Routers perform the traffic directing functions on the Internet. Data sent through the internet, such as a web page or email, is in the form of data packets. A packet is typically forwarded from one router to another router through the networks that constitute an internetwork (e.g. the Internet) until it reaches its destination node.\r\nA router is connected to two or more data lines from different IP networks. When a data packet comes in on one of the lines, the router reads the network address information in the packet header to determine the ultimate destination. Then, using information in its routing table or routing policy, it directs the packet to the next network on its journey.\r\nThe most familiar type of IP routers are home and small office routers that simply forward IP packets between the home computers and the Internet. An example of a router would be the owner's cable or DSL router, which connects to the Internet through an Internet service provider (ISP). More sophisticated routers, such as enterprise routers, connect large business or ISP networks up to the powerful core routers that forward data at high speed along the optical fiber lines of the Internet backbone.\r\nThe main purpose of a router is to connect multiple networks and forward packets destined either for its own networks or other networks. A router is considered a layer-3 device because its primary forwarding decision is based on the information in the layer-3 IP packet, specifically the destination IP address. When a router receives a packet, it searches its routing table to find the best match between the destination IP address of the packet and one of the addresses in the routing table. Once a match is found, the packet is encapsulated in the layer-2 data link frame for the outgoing interface indicated in the table entry. A router typically does not look into the packet payload,[citation needed] but only at the layer-3 addresses to make a forwarding decision, plus optionally other information in the header for hints on, for example, quality of service (QoS). For pure IP forwarding, a router is designed to minimize the state information associated with individual packets. Once a packet is forwarded, the router does not retain any historical information about the packet.\r\nThe routing table itself can contain information derived from a variety of sources, such as a default or static routes that are configured manually, or dynamic routing protocols where the router learns routes from other routers. A default route is one that is used to route all traffic whose destination does not otherwise appear in the routing table; this is common – even necessary – in small networks, such as a home or small business where the default route simply sends all non-local traffic to the Internet service provider. The default route can be manually configured (as a static route), or learned by dynamic routing protocols, or be obtained by DHCP.\r\nA router can run more than one routing protocol at a time, particularly if it serves as an autonomous system border router between parts of a network that run different routing protocols; if it does so, then redistribution may be used (usually selectively) to share information between the different protocols running on the same router.\r\nBesides making a decision as to which interface a packet is forwarded to, which is handled primarily via the routing table, a router also has to manage congestion when packets arrive at a rate higher than the router can process. Three policies commonly used in the Internet are tail drop, random early detection (RED), and weighted random early detection (WRED). Tail drop is the simplest and most easily implemented; the router simply drops new incoming packets once the length of the queue exceeds the size of the buffers in the router. RED probabilistically drops datagrams early when the queue exceeds a pre-configured portion of the buffer, until a pre-determined max, when it becomes tail drop. WRED requires a weight on the average queue size to act upon when the traffic is about to exceed the pre-configured size, so that short bursts will not trigger random drops.\r\nAnother function a router performs is to decide which packet should be processed first when multiple queues exist. This is managed through QoS, which is critical when Voice over IP is deployed, so as not to introduce excessive latency.\r\nYet another function a router performs is called policy-based routing where special rules are constructed to override the rules derived from the routing table when a packet forwarding decision is made.\r\nRouter functions may be performed through the same internal paths that the packets travel inside the router. Some of the functions may be performed through an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) to avoid overhead of scheduling CPU time to process the packets. Others may have to be performed through the CPU as these packets need special attention that cannot be handled by an ASIC.","materialsDescription":" <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What Is a Router?</span>\r\nRouters are the nodes that make up a computer network like the internet. The router you use at home is the central node of your home network.\r\nIt functions as an information manager between the internet and all devices that go online (i.e. all devices connected to the router). Generally speaking, routers direct incoming traffic to its destination.\r\nThis also makes your router the first line of security in protecting your home network from malicious online attacks.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What Does a Router Do?</span>\r\nYour router handles network traffic. For example, to view this article, data packages coding for this website have to transit from our server, through various nodes on the internet, and finally through your router to arrive on your phone or computer. On your device, your browser decodes those data packages to display the article you’re currently reading.\r\nSince a typical household has more than one device that connects to the internet, you need a router to manage the incoming network signals. In other words, your router makes sure that the data packages coding for a website you want to view on your computer aren’t sent to your phone. It does that by using your device’s MAC address.\r\nWhile your router has a unique (external) IP address to receive data packages from servers worldwide, every device on your home network also carries a unique MAC address. Simply put, when you try to access information online, your router maintains a table to keep track of which device requested information from where. Based on this table, your router distributes incoming data packages to the correct recipient.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What Is the Difference Between Modems and Routers?</span>\r\nA modem turns the proprietary network signal of your ISP (internet service provider) into a standard network signal. In theory, you can choose between multiple ISPs and some of them may use the same delivery route. Your modem knows which signals to read and translate.\r\nThe kind of modem your ISP will provide you with depends on how you’re connecting to the internet. For example, a DSL modem requires a different technology than a cable or fiber optic broadband modem. That’s because one uses the copper wiring of your telephone line, while the others use a coaxial or a fiber optic cable, respectively.\r\nThe DSL modem has to filter and read both the low frequencies that phone and voice data produce, as well as the high frequencies of internet data. Cable modems, on the other hand, have to differentiate between television and internet signals, which are transmitted on different channels, rather than different frequencies. Finally, fiber optic uses pulses of light to transmit information. The modem has to decode these signals into standard data packages.\r\nOnce the modem has turned the ISP’s network signal into data packages, the router can distribute them to the target device.","iconURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/Router1.png"}],"characteristics":[],"concurentProducts":[],"jobRoles":[],"organizationalFeatures":[],"complementaryCategories":[],"solutions":[],"materials":[],"useCases":[],"best_practices":[],"values":[],"implementations":[]},"eurotech-everyware-iot":{"id":4714,"logoURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/eurotech-logo.png","logo":true,"scheme":false,"title":"Eurotech Everyware IoT","vendorVerified":0,"rating":"0.00","implementationsCount":0,"suppliersCount":0,"supplierPartnersCount":0,"alias":"eurotech-everyware-iot","companyTitle":"Eurotech","companyTypes":["supplier","vendor"],"companyId":5222,"companyAlias":"eurotech","description":"Eurotech provides hardware and software IoT solutions under the brand name of <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Everyware IoT</span>. Everyware IoT is an integrated platform for the Internet of Things that provides IoT gateways for any industry vertical, an open edge framework and modular cloud infrastructure to connect field devices to business analytics and enterprise applications. Based on open source and standards, Everyware IoT accelerates IoT application development and project deployment while avoiding vendor lock-in.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Open</span>\r\nOpen-sourced, based on open standards, and supported by a large eco-system of partners, it ensures flexibility and interoperability while avoiding the limitations of proprietary and lock-in solutions.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Integrated</span>\r\nEverything needed to bootstrap IoT applications for faster deployment and time to revenue. IoT edge gateways, field protocols, edge computing frameworks, and the IoT integration hub are provided in an integrated yet modular offering.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Managed</span>\r\nDevOps for the IoT. Manage your field devices and your deployment. Integrated Information Technology (IT) and Operations Technology (OT) leads to increased operational efficiency, deployment flexibility and infrastructure security.\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Multi-service IoT Edge Gateways</span>\r\nEurotech Multi-service IoT Edge Gateways are a family of intelligent devices that offer a wide range of performance, networking and ruggedness options in order to best fit today’s IoT applications. Eurotech Multi-service IoT Edge Gateways come certified for various industry verticals including Industrial, Automotive, and Railway and are globally certified for cellular connectivity.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">IoT Edge Framework</span>\r\nEurotech enterprise-ready IoT Edge Framework based on Java, Everyware Software Framework (ESF), supports ready-to-use field protocols (Modbus, OPC-UA, S7), MQTT connectivity, and web-based visual data flow programming to publish data to IoT Cloud Platforms.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">IoT Integration Platform</span>\r\nEveryware Cloud (EC) offers an open and modular IoT Integration Platform based on a micro-services architecture. EC provides device management, diagnostics, provisioning, remote access of IoT gateways and devices, and integration services for telemetry data.","shortDescription":"Everyware IoT is an integrated platform that provides IoT gateways for any industry vertical, an open edge framework and modular cloud infrastructure to connect field devices to business analytics.","type":null,"isRoiCalculatorAvaliable":false,"isConfiguratorAvaliable":false,"bonus":100,"usingCount":6,"sellingCount":19,"discontinued":0,"rebateForPoc":0,"rebate":0,"seo":{"title":"Eurotech Everyware IoT","keywords":"","description":"Eurotech provides hardware and software IoT solutions under the brand name of <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Everyware IoT</span>. Everyware IoT is an integrated platform for the Internet of Things that provides IoT gateways for any industry vertical, an ope","og:title":"Eurotech Everyware IoT","og:description":"Eurotech provides hardware and software IoT solutions under the brand name of <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Everyware IoT</span>. Everyware IoT is an integrated platform for the Internet of Things that provides IoT gateways for any industry vertical, an ope","og:image":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/eurotech-logo.png"},"eventUrl":"","translationId":4715,"dealDetails":null,"roi":null,"price":null,"bonusForReference":null,"templateData":[],"testingArea":"","categories":[{"id":834,"title":"IoT - Internet of Things Security","alias":"iot-internet-of-things-security","description":" IoT security is the technology area concerned with safeguarding connected devices and networks in the internet of things (IoT).\r\nIoT involves adding internet connectivity to a system of interrelated computing devices, mechanical and digital machines, objects, animals and/or people. Each &quot;thing&quot; is provided a unique identifier and the ability to automatically transfer data over a network. Allowing devices to connect to the internet opens them up to a number of serious vulnerabilities if they are not properly protected.\r\nIoT security has become the subject of scrutiny after a number of high-profile incidents where a common IoT device was used to infiltrate and attack the larger network. Implementing security measures is critical to ensuring the safety of networks with IoT devices connected to them.\r\nIoT security hacks can happen in any industry, from smart home to a manufacturing plant to a connected car. The severity of impact depends greatly on the individual system, the data collected and/or the information it contains.\r\nAn attack disabling the brakes of a connected car, for example, or on a connected health device, such as an insulin pump hacked to administer too much medication to a patient, can be life-threatening. Likewise, an attack on a refrigeration system housing medicine that is monitored by an IoT system can ruin the viability of a medicine if temperatures fluctuate. Similarly, an attack on critical infrastructure -- an oil well, energy grid or water supply -- can be disastrous.\r\nSo, a robust IoT security portfolio must allow protecting devices from all types of vulnerabilities while deploying the security level that best matches application needs. Cryptography technologies are used to combat communication attacks. Security services are offered for protecting against lifecycle attacks. Isolation measures can be implemented to fend off software attacks. And, finally, IoT security should include tamper mitigation and side-channel attack mitigation technologies for fighting physical attacks of the chip.","materialsDescription":" <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What are the key requirements of IoT Security?</span>\r\nThe key requirements for any IoT security solution are:\r\n<ul><li>Device and data security, including authentication of devices and confidentiality and integrity of data</li><li>Implementing and running security operations at IoT scale</li><li>Meeting compliance requirements and requests</li><li>Meeting performance requirements as per the use case</li></ul>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What do connected devices require to participate in the IoT Securely?</span>\r\nTo securely participate in the IoT, each connected device needs a unique identification – even before it has an IP address. This digital credential establishes the root of trust for the device’s entire lifecycle, from initial design to deployment to retirement.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Why is device authentication necessary for the IoT?</span>\r\nStrong IoT device authentication is required to ensure connected devices on the IoT can be trusted to be what they purport to be. Consequently, each IoT device needs a unique identity that can be authenticated when the device attempts to connect to a gateway or central server. With this unique ID in place, IT system administrators can track each device throughout its lifecycle, communicate securely with it, and prevent it from executing harmful processes. If a device exhibits unexpected behavior, administrators can simply revoke its privileges.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Why is secure manufacturing necessary for IoT devices?</span>\r\nIoT devices produced through unsecured manufacturing processes provide criminals opportunities to change production runs to introduce unauthorized code or produce additional units that are subsequently sold on the black market.\r\nOne way to secure manufacturing processes is to use hardware security modules (HSMs) and supporting security software to inject cryptographic keys and digital certificates and to control the number of units built and the code incorporated into each.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Why is code signing necessary for IoT devices?</span>\r\nTo protect businesses, brands, partners, and users from software that has been infected by malware, software developers have adopted code signing. In the IoT, code signing in the software release process ensures the integrity of IoT device software and firmware updates and defends against the risks associated with code tampering or code that deviates from organizational policies.\r\nIn public key cryptography, code signing is a specific use of certificate-based digital signatures that enables an organization to verify the identity of the software publisher and certify the software has not been changed since it was published.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What is IoT PKI?</span>\r\nToday there are more things (devices) online than there are people on the planet! Devices are the number one users of the Internet and need digital identities for secure operation. As enterprises seek to transform their business models to stay competitive, rapid adoption of IoT technologies is creating increasing demand for Public Key Infrastructures (PKIs) to provide digital certificates for the growing number of devices and the software and firmware they run.\r\nSafe IoT deployments require not only trusting the devices to be authentic and to be who they say they are, but also trusting that the data they collect is real and not altered. If one cannot trust the IoT devices and the data, there is no point in collecting, running analytics, and executing decisions based on the information collected.\r\nSecure adoption of IoT requires:\r\n<ul><li>Enabling mutual authentication between connected devices and applications</li><li>Maintaining the integrity and confidentiality of the data collected by devices</li><li>Ensuring the legitimacy and integrity of the software downloaded to devices</li><li>Preserving the privacy of sensitive data in light of stricter security regulations</li></ul>","iconURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/iot.png"},{"id":178,"title":"IoT - Internet of Things","alias":"iot-internet-of-things","description":"The Internet of things (IoT) is the extension of Internet connectivity into physical devices and everyday objects. Embedded with electronics, Internet connectivity, and other forms of hardware (such as sensors), these devices can communicate and interact with others over the Internet, and they can be remotely monitored and controlled.\r\nThe definition of the Internet of things has evolved due to the convergence of multiple technologies, real-time analytics, machine learning, commodity sensors, and embedded systems. Traditional fields of embedded systems, wireless sensor networks, control systems, automation (including home and building automation). and others all contribute to enabling the Internet of things. In the consumer market, IoT technology is most synonymous with products pertaining to the concept of the &quot;smart home&quot;, covering devices and appliances (such as lighting fixtures, thermostats, home security systems and cameras, and other home appliances) that support one or more common ecosystems, and can be controlled via devices associated with that ecosystem, such as smartphones and smart speakers.\r\nThe IoT concept has faced prominent criticism, especially in regards to privacy and security concerns related to these devices and their intention of pervasive presence.","materialsDescription":"<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What is the Internet of Things (IoT)?</span>\r\nThe Internet of things refers to the network of things (physical objects) that can be connected to the Internet to collect and share data without human-to-human or human-to-computer interaction.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Why is it called the Internet of Things?</span>\r\nThe term Internet of things was coined by Kevin Ashton in 1999. Stemming from Kevin Ashton’s experience with RFID, the term Internet of things originally described the concept of tagging every object in a person’s life with machine-readable codes. This would allow computers to easily manage and inventory all of these things.\r\nThe term IoT today has evolved to a much broader prospect. It now encompasses ubiquitous connectivity, devices, sensors, analytics, machine learning, and many other technologies.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What is an IoT solution?</span>\r\nAn IoT solution is a combination of devices or other data sources, outfitted with sensors and Internet connected hardware to securely report information back to an IoT platform. This information is often a physical metric which can help users answer a question or solve a specific problem.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What is an IoT Proof of Concept (PoC)?</span>\r\nThe purpose of a PoC is to experiment with a solution in your environment, collect data, and evaluate performance from a set timeline on a set budget. A PoC is a low-risk way to introduce IoT to an organization.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What is an IoT cloud platform?</span>\r\nAn IoT platform provides users with one or more of these key elements — visualization tools, data security features, a workflow engine and a custom user interface to utilize the information collected from devices and other data sources in the field. These platforms are based in the cloud and can be accessed from anywhere.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What is industrial equipment monitoring?</span>\r\nIndustrial equipment monitoring uses a network of connected sensors - either native to a piece of equipment or retrofitted - to inform owners/operators of a machine’s output, component conditions, need for service or impending failure. Industrial equipment monitoring is an IoT solution which can utilize an IoT platform to unify disparate data and enable decision-makers to respond to real-time data.<br /><br />","iconURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/IoT_-_Internet_of_Things.png"},{"id":540,"title":"Security Hardware","alias":"security-hardware","description":"Hardware security as a discipline originated out of cryptographic engineering and involves hardware design, access control, secure multi-party computation, secure key storage, ensuring code authenticity and measures to ensure that the supply chain that built the product is secure, among other things.\r\nA hardware security module (HSM) is a physical computing device that safeguards and manages digital keys for strong authentication and provides cryptoprocessing. These modules traditionally come in the form of a plug-in card or an external device that attaches directly to a computer or network server.\r\nSome providers in this discipline consider that the key difference between hardware security and software security is that hardware security is implemented using &quot;non-Turing-machine&quot; logic (raw combinatorial logic or simple state machines). One approach, referred to as &quot;hardsec&quot;, uses FPGAs to implement non-Turing-machine security controls as a way of combining the security of hardware with the flexibility of software.\r\nHardware backdoors are backdoors in hardware. Conceptionally related, a hardware Trojan (HT) is a malicious modification of an electronic system, particularly in the context of an integrated circuit.\r\nA physical unclonable function (PUF) is a physical entity that is embodied in a physical structure and is easy to evaluate but hard to predict. Further, an individual PUF device must be easy to make but practically impossible to duplicate, even given the exact manufacturing process that produced it. In this respect, it is the hardware analog of a one-way function. The name &quot;physically unclonable function&quot; might be a little misleading as some PUFs are clonable, and most PUFs are noisy and therefore do not achieve the requirements for a function. Today, PUFs are usually implemented in integrated circuits and are typically used in applications with high-security requirements.\r\nMany attacks on sensitive data and resources reported by organizations occur from within the organization itself.","materialsDescription":"<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What is hardware information security?</span>\r\nHardware means various types of devices (mechanical, electromechanical, electronic, etc.), which solve information protection problems with hardware. They impede access to information, including through its disguise. The hardware includes: noise generators, surge protectors, scanning radios and many other devices that &quot;block&quot; potential channels of information leakage or allow them to be detected. The advantages of technical means are related to their reliability, independence from subjective factors and high resistance to modification. The weaknesses include a lack of flexibility, relatively large volume and mass and high cost. The hardware for information protection includes the most diverse technical structures in terms of operation, device and capabilities, which ensure the suppression of disclosure, protection against leakage and counteraction to unauthorized access to sources of confidential information.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Where is the hardware used to protect information?</span>\r\nHardware information protection is used to solve the following problems:\r\n<ul><li>conducting special studies of technical means of ensuring production activity for the presence of possible channels of information leakage;</li><li>identification of information leakage channels at various objects and in premises;</li><li>localization of information leakage channels;</li><li>search and detection of industrial espionage tools;</li><li>countering unauthorized access to confidential information sources and other actions.</li></ul>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What is the classification of information security hardware?</span>\r\nAccording to the functional purpose, the hardware can be classified into detection tools, search tools and detailed measurements and active and passive countermeasures. At the same time, according to their technical capabilities, information protection tools can be general-purpose, designed for use by non-professionals in order to obtain preliminary (general) estimates, and professional complexes that allow for a thorough search, detection and precision measurement of all the characteristics of industrial espionage equipment. As an example of the former, we can consider a group of IP electromagnetic radiation indicators, which have a wide range of received signals and rather low sensitivity. As a second example - a complex for the detection and direction finding of radio bookmarks, designed to automatically detect and locate radio transmitters, radio microphones, telephone bookmarks and network radio transmitters.<br /><br />","iconURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/icon_Security_Hardware.png"},{"id":56,"title":"Router","alias":"router","description":"A router is a networking device that forwards data packets between computer networks. Routers perform the traffic directing functions on the Internet. Data sent through the internet, such as a web page or email, is in the form of data packets. A packet is typically forwarded from one router to another router through the networks that constitute an internetwork (e.g. the Internet) until it reaches its destination node.\r\nA router is connected to two or more data lines from different IP networks. When a data packet comes in on one of the lines, the router reads the network address information in the packet header to determine the ultimate destination. Then, using information in its routing table or routing policy, it directs the packet to the next network on its journey.\r\nThe most familiar type of IP routers are home and small office routers that simply forward IP packets between the home computers and the Internet. An example of a router would be the owner's cable or DSL router, which connects to the Internet through an Internet service provider (ISP). More sophisticated routers, such as enterprise routers, connect large business or ISP networks up to the powerful core routers that forward data at high speed along the optical fiber lines of the Internet backbone.\r\nThe main purpose of a router is to connect multiple networks and forward packets destined either for its own networks or other networks. A router is considered a layer-3 device because its primary forwarding decision is based on the information in the layer-3 IP packet, specifically the destination IP address. When a router receives a packet, it searches its routing table to find the best match between the destination IP address of the packet and one of the addresses in the routing table. Once a match is found, the packet is encapsulated in the layer-2 data link frame for the outgoing interface indicated in the table entry. A router typically does not look into the packet payload,[citation needed] but only at the layer-3 addresses to make a forwarding decision, plus optionally other information in the header for hints on, for example, quality of service (QoS). For pure IP forwarding, a router is designed to minimize the state information associated with individual packets. Once a packet is forwarded, the router does not retain any historical information about the packet.\r\nThe routing table itself can contain information derived from a variety of sources, such as a default or static routes that are configured manually, or dynamic routing protocols where the router learns routes from other routers. A default route is one that is used to route all traffic whose destination does not otherwise appear in the routing table; this is common – even necessary – in small networks, such as a home or small business where the default route simply sends all non-local traffic to the Internet service provider. The default route can be manually configured (as a static route), or learned by dynamic routing protocols, or be obtained by DHCP.\r\nA router can run more than one routing protocol at a time, particularly if it serves as an autonomous system border router between parts of a network that run different routing protocols; if it does so, then redistribution may be used (usually selectively) to share information between the different protocols running on the same router.\r\nBesides making a decision as to which interface a packet is forwarded to, which is handled primarily via the routing table, a router also has to manage congestion when packets arrive at a rate higher than the router can process. Three policies commonly used in the Internet are tail drop, random early detection (RED), and weighted random early detection (WRED). Tail drop is the simplest and most easily implemented; the router simply drops new incoming packets once the length of the queue exceeds the size of the buffers in the router. RED probabilistically drops datagrams early when the queue exceeds a pre-configured portion of the buffer, until a pre-determined max, when it becomes tail drop. WRED requires a weight on the average queue size to act upon when the traffic is about to exceed the pre-configured size, so that short bursts will not trigger random drops.\r\nAnother function a router performs is to decide which packet should be processed first when multiple queues exist. This is managed through QoS, which is critical when Voice over IP is deployed, so as not to introduce excessive latency.\r\nYet another function a router performs is called policy-based routing where special rules are constructed to override the rules derived from the routing table when a packet forwarding decision is made.\r\nRouter functions may be performed through the same internal paths that the packets travel inside the router. Some of the functions may be performed through an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) to avoid overhead of scheduling CPU time to process the packets. Others may have to be performed through the CPU as these packets need special attention that cannot be handled by an ASIC.","materialsDescription":" <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What Is a Router?</span>\r\nRouters are the nodes that make up a computer network like the internet. The router you use at home is the central node of your home network.\r\nIt functions as an information manager between the internet and all devices that go online (i.e. all devices connected to the router). Generally speaking, routers direct incoming traffic to its destination.\r\nThis also makes your router the first line of security in protecting your home network from malicious online attacks.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What Does a Router Do?</span>\r\nYour router handles network traffic. For example, to view this article, data packages coding for this website have to transit from our server, through various nodes on the internet, and finally through your router to arrive on your phone or computer. On your device, your browser decodes those data packages to display the article you’re currently reading.\r\nSince a typical household has more than one device that connects to the internet, you need a router to manage the incoming network signals. In other words, your router makes sure that the data packages coding for a website you want to view on your computer aren’t sent to your phone. It does that by using your device’s MAC address.\r\nWhile your router has a unique (external) IP address to receive data packages from servers worldwide, every device on your home network also carries a unique MAC address. Simply put, when you try to access information online, your router maintains a table to keep track of which device requested information from where. Based on this table, your router distributes incoming data packages to the correct recipient.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What Is the Difference Between Modems and Routers?</span>\r\nA modem turns the proprietary network signal of your ISP (internet service provider) into a standard network signal. In theory, you can choose between multiple ISPs and some of them may use the same delivery route. Your modem knows which signals to read and translate.\r\nThe kind of modem your ISP will provide you with depends on how you’re connecting to the internet. For example, a DSL modem requires a different technology than a cable or fiber optic broadband modem. That’s because one uses the copper wiring of your telephone line, while the others use a coaxial or a fiber optic cable, respectively.\r\nThe DSL modem has to filter and read both the low frequencies that phone and voice data produce, as well as the high frequencies of internet data. Cable modems, on the other hand, have to differentiate between television and internet signals, which are transmitted on different channels, rather than different frequencies. Finally, fiber optic uses pulses of light to transmit information. The modem has to decode these signals into standard data packages.\r\nOnce the modem has turned the ISP’s network signal into data packages, the router can distribute them to the target device.","iconURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/Router1.png"}],"characteristics":[],"concurentProducts":[],"jobRoles":[],"organizationalFeatures":[],"complementaryCategories":[],"solutions":[],"materials":[],"useCases":[],"best_practices":[],"values":[],"implementations":[]},"extreme-networks-blackdiamond-x8":{"id":230,"logoURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/Extreme_Networks_BlackDiamond_X8.jpg","logo":true,"scheme":false,"title":"Extreme Networks BlackDiamond X8","vendorVerified":0,"rating":"1.00","implementationsCount":0,"suppliersCount":0,"supplierPartnersCount":0,"alias":"extreme-networks-blackdiamond-x8","companyTitle":"Extreme Networks","companyTypes":["vendor"],"companyId":2783,"companyAlias":"extreme-networks","description":"Cloud-Scale Data Center Switch\r\nMeets HPC, IXP, and data center demands\r\nHigh-density wire-speed 10GbE, 40GbE, and 100GbE connectivity\r\nUnmatched performance with 20.48Tbs capacity\r\n\r\n&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;\r\nMeets HPC, IXP, and data center demands\r\nHigh-density wire-speed 10GbE, 40GbE, and 100GbE connectivity\r\nUnmatched performance with 20.48Tbs capacity\r\nClick to talk to a network expert\r\n\r\nData centers today demand highly virtualized, converged, and scalable infrastructure. Multi-tenancy and cloud computing are driving the need for simplicity and cost efficiency from the network fabric, along with a need for expandability, high performance, and service up-time. The ExtremeSwitching X8 platform provides seamless any-to-any connectivity through a simple, scalable, and centrally orchestrated network.\r\n\r\nDesigned for cloud-scale requirements of data centers, high-performance computing (HPC), and Internet exchange points (IXP), the ExtremeSwitching X8 provides a low-latency, high-performance switch fabric with high-density wire-speed 10GbE, 40GbE, and 100GbE connectivity for edge-to-core applications, all in a compact footprint using only one-third of a standard rack. The ExtremeSwitching X8 eliminates expensive multi-tier architectures and the challenges of inter-device connectivity, uplink bandwidth, and latency. The ExtremeSwitching X8 also leverages a low-power design ideal for green operations and high degrees of energy efficiency, resulting in lower total cost of ownership (TCO).\r\n\r\n\r\nHigh-density 1/10GbE, 40GbE, and 100GbE switch for data center consolidation\r\n768 ports of 10GbE SFP+ per switch, 2,304 ports per rack\r\n384 ports of 100/1000/10000MbE RJ45 per switch, 1,152 ports per rack\r\n384 ports of 1GbE SFP per switch, 1,152 ports per rack (using 10GbE)\r\n192 ports of 40GbE QSFP+ per switch, 576 ports per rack\r\n32 ports of 100GbE CFP2 per switch, 96 ports per rack\r\nOrthogonal architecture with 20.48Tbps switching capacity\r\n2.3 μSec port-to-port latency\r\nHigh-scale routing with 1 million forwarding entries\r\nPowered by time-tested, modular ExtremeXOS® operating system with resilient and intelligent virtualization features and hardware switching of up to 1 million virtual machines\r\nConverged open fabric for reliable IP-based storage services and transit for FCoE traffic\r\nLow power consumption of 5.6 watts per 10GbE or 22.5 watts per 40GbE port for low total cost of ownership\r\nExtreme Networks How-To Videos\r\n\r\n20+Tbps switching capacity\r\n2.56Tbps bandwidth per slot\r\n192 x 40GbE or 768 x 10GbE or 32 x 100GbE\r\nHigh-availability design\r\n\r\nN+1 switching, power, and fan redundancy\r\nN+N Power GRID redundancy\r\nLow latency\r\n\r\n2.3 µsec\r\nHigh-density design\r\n\r\n14.5 RU (1/3 rack )\r\nVirtualization support\r\n\r\n128K virtual machines\r\nVirtual port profile (VPP) support\r\nVirtual machine lifecycle management with XNV\r\nStorage convergence\r\n\r\nNFS, CIFS, iSCSI, FCoE\r\nLower TCO\r\n\r\nHigh-efficiency 100GbE CFP2 optics\r\n5.6W per 10GbE port\r\nPure front-to-back cooling\r\nIntelligent power management\r\nVariable-speed fans","shortDescription":"Extreme Networks BlackDiamond X8 - Cloud-Scale Data Center Switch\r\nMeets HPC, IXP, and data center demands\r\nHigh-density wire-speed 10GbE, 40GbE, and 100GbE connectivity\r\nUnmatched performance with 20.48Tbs capacity","type":null,"isRoiCalculatorAvaliable":false,"isConfiguratorAvaliable":false,"bonus":100,"usingCount":17,"sellingCount":13,"discontinued":0,"rebateForPoc":0,"rebate":0,"seo":{"title":"Extreme Networks BlackDiamond X8","keywords":"ports, 10GbE, with, 100GbE, 40GbE, rack, switch, connectivity","description":"Cloud-Scale Data Center Switch\r\nMeets HPC, IXP, and data center demands\r\nHigh-density wire-speed 10GbE, 40GbE, and 100GbE connectivity\r\nUnmatched performance with 20.48Tbs capacity\r\n\r\n&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;\r\nMeets HPC, IXP, and data center demands\r\nHigh-density w","og:title":"Extreme Networks BlackDiamond X8","og:description":"Cloud-Scale Data Center Switch\r\nMeets HPC, IXP, and data center demands\r\nHigh-density wire-speed 10GbE, 40GbE, and 100GbE connectivity\r\nUnmatched performance with 20.48Tbs capacity\r\n\r\n&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;\r\nMeets HPC, IXP, and data center demands\r\nHigh-density w","og:image":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/Extreme_Networks_BlackDiamond_X8.jpg"},"eventUrl":"","translationId":231,"dealDetails":null,"roi":null,"price":null,"bonusForReference":null,"templateData":[],"testingArea":"","categories":[{"id":56,"title":"Router","alias":"router","description":"A router is a networking device that forwards data packets between computer networks. Routers perform the traffic directing functions on the Internet. Data sent through the internet, such as a web page or email, is in the form of data packets. A packet is typically forwarded from one router to another router through the networks that constitute an internetwork (e.g. the Internet) until it reaches its destination node.\r\nA router is connected to two or more data lines from different IP networks. When a data packet comes in on one of the lines, the router reads the network address information in the packet header to determine the ultimate destination. Then, using information in its routing table or routing policy, it directs the packet to the next network on its journey.\r\nThe most familiar type of IP routers are home and small office routers that simply forward IP packets between the home computers and the Internet. An example of a router would be the owner's cable or DSL router, which connects to the Internet through an Internet service provider (ISP). More sophisticated routers, such as enterprise routers, connect large business or ISP networks up to the powerful core routers that forward data at high speed along the optical fiber lines of the Internet backbone.\r\nThe main purpose of a router is to connect multiple networks and forward packets destined either for its own networks or other networks. A router is considered a layer-3 device because its primary forwarding decision is based on the information in the layer-3 IP packet, specifically the destination IP address. When a router receives a packet, it searches its routing table to find the best match between the destination IP address of the packet and one of the addresses in the routing table. Once a match is found, the packet is encapsulated in the layer-2 data link frame for the outgoing interface indicated in the table entry. A router typically does not look into the packet payload,[citation needed] but only at the layer-3 addresses to make a forwarding decision, plus optionally other information in the header for hints on, for example, quality of service (QoS). For pure IP forwarding, a router is designed to minimize the state information associated with individual packets. Once a packet is forwarded, the router does not retain any historical information about the packet.\r\nThe routing table itself can contain information derived from a variety of sources, such as a default or static routes that are configured manually, or dynamic routing protocols where the router learns routes from other routers. A default route is one that is used to route all traffic whose destination does not otherwise appear in the routing table; this is common – even necessary – in small networks, such as a home or small business where the default route simply sends all non-local traffic to the Internet service provider. The default route can be manually configured (as a static route), or learned by dynamic routing protocols, or be obtained by DHCP.\r\nA router can run more than one routing protocol at a time, particularly if it serves as an autonomous system border router between parts of a network that run different routing protocols; if it does so, then redistribution may be used (usually selectively) to share information between the different protocols running on the same router.\r\nBesides making a decision as to which interface a packet is forwarded to, which is handled primarily via the routing table, a router also has to manage congestion when packets arrive at a rate higher than the router can process. Three policies commonly used in the Internet are tail drop, random early detection (RED), and weighted random early detection (WRED). Tail drop is the simplest and most easily implemented; the router simply drops new incoming packets once the length of the queue exceeds the size of the buffers in the router. RED probabilistically drops datagrams early when the queue exceeds a pre-configured portion of the buffer, until a pre-determined max, when it becomes tail drop. WRED requires a weight on the average queue size to act upon when the traffic is about to exceed the pre-configured size, so that short bursts will not trigger random drops.\r\nAnother function a router performs is to decide which packet should be processed first when multiple queues exist. This is managed through QoS, which is critical when Voice over IP is deployed, so as not to introduce excessive latency.\r\nYet another function a router performs is called policy-based routing where special rules are constructed to override the rules derived from the routing table when a packet forwarding decision is made.\r\nRouter functions may be performed through the same internal paths that the packets travel inside the router. Some of the functions may be performed through an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) to avoid overhead of scheduling CPU time to process the packets. Others may have to be performed through the CPU as these packets need special attention that cannot be handled by an ASIC.","materialsDescription":" <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What Is a Router?</span>\r\nRouters are the nodes that make up a computer network like the internet. The router you use at home is the central node of your home network.\r\nIt functions as an information manager between the internet and all devices that go online (i.e. all devices connected to the router). Generally speaking, routers direct incoming traffic to its destination.\r\nThis also makes your router the first line of security in protecting your home network from malicious online attacks.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What Does a Router Do?</span>\r\nYour router handles network traffic. For example, to view this article, data packages coding for this website have to transit from our server, through various nodes on the internet, and finally through your router to arrive on your phone or computer. On your device, your browser decodes those data packages to display the article you’re currently reading.\r\nSince a typical household has more than one device that connects to the internet, you need a router to manage the incoming network signals. In other words, your router makes sure that the data packages coding for a website you want to view on your computer aren’t sent to your phone. It does that by using your device’s MAC address.\r\nWhile your router has a unique (external) IP address to receive data packages from servers worldwide, every device on your home network also carries a unique MAC address. Simply put, when you try to access information online, your router maintains a table to keep track of which device requested information from where. Based on this table, your router distributes incoming data packages to the correct recipient.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What Is the Difference Between Modems and Routers?</span>\r\nA modem turns the proprietary network signal of your ISP (internet service provider) into a standard network signal. In theory, you can choose between multiple ISPs and some of them may use the same delivery route. Your modem knows which signals to read and translate.\r\nThe kind of modem your ISP will provide you with depends on how you’re connecting to the internet. For example, a DSL modem requires a different technology than a cable or fiber optic broadband modem. That’s because one uses the copper wiring of your telephone line, while the others use a coaxial or a fiber optic cable, respectively.\r\nThe DSL modem has to filter and read both the low frequencies that phone and voice data produce, as well as the high frequencies of internet data. Cable modems, on the other hand, have to differentiate between television and internet signals, which are transmitted on different channels, rather than different frequencies. Finally, fiber optic uses pulses of light to transmit information. The modem has to decode these signals into standard data packages.\r\nOnce the modem has turned the ISP’s network signal into data packages, the router can distribute them to the target device.","iconURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/Router1.png"}],"characteristics":[],"concurentProducts":[],"jobRoles":[],"organizationalFeatures":[],"complementaryCategories":[],"solutions":[],"materials":[],"useCases":[],"best_practices":[],"values":[],"implementations":[]},"extreme-networks-cer-2000-series-router":{"id":3201,"logoURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/extreme_networks_CER_2000_Series_Router.png","logo":true,"scheme":false,"title":"Extreme Networks CER 2000 Series Router","vendorVerified":0,"rating":"1.00","implementationsCount":0,"suppliersCount":0,"supplierPartnersCount":0,"alias":"extreme-networks-cer-2000-series-router","companyTitle":"Extreme Networks","companyTypes":["vendor"],"companyId":2783,"companyAlias":"extreme-networks","description":"<p>Service providers, more than ever, are looking for ways to reduce network operational costs while increasing new revenue streams through over-the-top services. ExtremeRouting CER 2000 Series Routers are purpose-built to help these providers save on space, power, and cooling while extending wire-speed IP and Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) services to the network edge without compromising performance.</p>\r\n<p>The CER 2000 is available in 24-port 1 Gigabit Ethernet (GbE) copper and hybrid fiber configurations with four 10 GbE uplink ports. To help ensure high performance, all the ports are capable of forwarding IP and MPLS packets at wire speed without oversubscription.</p>\r\n<p>A broad set of highly scalable IP unicast and multicast routing features, combined with a low total cost of ownership, makes the CER an ideal choice for service providers that want to deliver Layer 2 and Layer 3 business services through a single, easy-to-manage platform.</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Highlights:</span></p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Compact 1U, IP/MPLS, NEBS Level 3-certified router, purpose-built for high-performance Ethernet edge routing applications.</li>\r\n<li>Scalable edge router designed to support a full Internet routing table along with MPLS forwarding for advanced business and residential services, service provider data center interconnect, and Internet peering.</li>\r\n<li>Available in 24-port 1 GbE plus 4-port 10 GbE versions for both copper and fiber with non-blocking wire-speed performance and a complete suite of IPv4/IPv6 unicast and multicast routing supporting fast convergence times.</li>\r\n<li>Powered by the field-proven ExtremeRouting Multi-Service IronWare OS that also runs on the ExtremeRouting MLXe Series of high-performance core routers.</li>\r\n<li>Advanced QoS features to enforce strict SLAs at the edge of the network.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Key Applications:</span></p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Edge routing applications in Metro Ethernet networks.</li>\r\n<li>MPLS-based Layer 2 and Layer 3 VPN services.</li>\r\n<li>Provider edge routing for triple-play/ IPTV delivery.</li>\r\n<li>A provider-managed router in end-user customer premises.</li>\r\n<li>Compact BGP route reflector.</li>\r\n<li>Data center or campus border routing.</li>\r\n<li>Virtualized data center or campus applications with multi-VRF.</li>\r\n<li>Data center interconnectivity.</li>\r\n</ul>","shortDescription":"CER 2000 series routers are purpose-built to help these providers save on space, power, and cooling while extending wire-speed IP and Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) services to the network edge","type":null,"isRoiCalculatorAvaliable":false,"isConfiguratorAvaliable":false,"bonus":100,"usingCount":19,"sellingCount":0,"discontinued":0,"rebateForPoc":0,"rebate":0,"seo":{"title":"Extreme Networks CER 2000 Series Router","keywords":"","description":"<p>Service providers, more than ever, are looking for ways to reduce network operational costs while increasing new revenue streams through over-the-top services. ExtremeRouting CER 2000 Series Routers are purpose-built to help these providers save on space, p","og:title":"Extreme Networks CER 2000 Series Router","og:description":"<p>Service providers, more than ever, are looking for ways to reduce network operational costs while increasing new revenue streams through over-the-top services. ExtremeRouting CER 2000 Series Routers are purpose-built to help these providers save on space, p","og:image":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/extreme_networks_CER_2000_Series_Router.png"},"eventUrl":"","translationId":3202,"dealDetails":null,"roi":null,"price":null,"bonusForReference":null,"templateData":[{"id":87,"title":"Enterprise routers"}],"testingArea":"","categories":[{"id":56,"title":"Router","alias":"router","description":"A router is a networking device that forwards data packets between computer networks. Routers perform the traffic directing functions on the Internet. Data sent through the internet, such as a web page or email, is in the form of data packets. A packet is typically forwarded from one router to another router through the networks that constitute an internetwork (e.g. the Internet) until it reaches its destination node.\r\nA router is connected to two or more data lines from different IP networks. When a data packet comes in on one of the lines, the router reads the network address information in the packet header to determine the ultimate destination. Then, using information in its routing table or routing policy, it directs the packet to the next network on its journey.\r\nThe most familiar type of IP routers are home and small office routers that simply forward IP packets between the home computers and the Internet. An example of a router would be the owner's cable or DSL router, which connects to the Internet through an Internet service provider (ISP). More sophisticated routers, such as enterprise routers, connect large business or ISP networks up to the powerful core routers that forward data at high speed along the optical fiber lines of the Internet backbone.\r\nThe main purpose of a router is to connect multiple networks and forward packets destined either for its own networks or other networks. A router is considered a layer-3 device because its primary forwarding decision is based on the information in the layer-3 IP packet, specifically the destination IP address. When a router receives a packet, it searches its routing table to find the best match between the destination IP address of the packet and one of the addresses in the routing table. Once a match is found, the packet is encapsulated in the layer-2 data link frame for the outgoing interface indicated in the table entry. A router typically does not look into the packet payload,[citation needed] but only at the layer-3 addresses to make a forwarding decision, plus optionally other information in the header for hints on, for example, quality of service (QoS). For pure IP forwarding, a router is designed to minimize the state information associated with individual packets. Once a packet is forwarded, the router does not retain any historical information about the packet.\r\nThe routing table itself can contain information derived from a variety of sources, such as a default or static routes that are configured manually, or dynamic routing protocols where the router learns routes from other routers. A default route is one that is used to route all traffic whose destination does not otherwise appear in the routing table; this is common – even necessary – in small networks, such as a home or small business where the default route simply sends all non-local traffic to the Internet service provider. The default route can be manually configured (as a static route), or learned by dynamic routing protocols, or be obtained by DHCP.\r\nA router can run more than one routing protocol at a time, particularly if it serves as an autonomous system border router between parts of a network that run different routing protocols; if it does so, then redistribution may be used (usually selectively) to share information between the different protocols running on the same router.\r\nBesides making a decision as to which interface a packet is forwarded to, which is handled primarily via the routing table, a router also has to manage congestion when packets arrive at a rate higher than the router can process. Three policies commonly used in the Internet are tail drop, random early detection (RED), and weighted random early detection (WRED). Tail drop is the simplest and most easily implemented; the router simply drops new incoming packets once the length of the queue exceeds the size of the buffers in the router. RED probabilistically drops datagrams early when the queue exceeds a pre-configured portion of the buffer, until a pre-determined max, when it becomes tail drop. WRED requires a weight on the average queue size to act upon when the traffic is about to exceed the pre-configured size, so that short bursts will not trigger random drops.\r\nAnother function a router performs is to decide which packet should be processed first when multiple queues exist. This is managed through QoS, which is critical when Voice over IP is deployed, so as not to introduce excessive latency.\r\nYet another function a router performs is called policy-based routing where special rules are constructed to override the rules derived from the routing table when a packet forwarding decision is made.\r\nRouter functions may be performed through the same internal paths that the packets travel inside the router. Some of the functions may be performed through an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) to avoid overhead of scheduling CPU time to process the packets. Others may have to be performed through the CPU as these packets need special attention that cannot be handled by an ASIC.","materialsDescription":" <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What Is a Router?</span>\r\nRouters are the nodes that make up a computer network like the internet. The router you use at home is the central node of your home network.\r\nIt functions as an information manager between the internet and all devices that go online (i.e. all devices connected to the router). Generally speaking, routers direct incoming traffic to its destination.\r\nThis also makes your router the first line of security in protecting your home network from malicious online attacks.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What Does a Router Do?</span>\r\nYour router handles network traffic. For example, to view this article, data packages coding for this website have to transit from our server, through various nodes on the internet, and finally through your router to arrive on your phone or computer. On your device, your browser decodes those data packages to display the article you’re currently reading.\r\nSince a typical household has more than one device that connects to the internet, you need a router to manage the incoming network signals. In other words, your router makes sure that the data packages coding for a website you want to view on your computer aren’t sent to your phone. It does that by using your device’s MAC address.\r\nWhile your router has a unique (external) IP address to receive data packages from servers worldwide, every device on your home network also carries a unique MAC address. Simply put, when you try to access information online, your router maintains a table to keep track of which device requested information from where. Based on this table, your router distributes incoming data packages to the correct recipient.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What Is the Difference Between Modems and Routers?</span>\r\nA modem turns the proprietary network signal of your ISP (internet service provider) into a standard network signal. In theory, you can choose between multiple ISPs and some of them may use the same delivery route. Your modem knows which signals to read and translate.\r\nThe kind of modem your ISP will provide you with depends on how you’re connecting to the internet. For example, a DSL modem requires a different technology than a cable or fiber optic broadband modem. That’s because one uses the copper wiring of your telephone line, while the others use a coaxial or a fiber optic cable, respectively.\r\nThe DSL modem has to filter and read both the low frequencies that phone and voice data produce, as well as the high frequencies of internet data. Cable modems, on the other hand, have to differentiate between television and internet signals, which are transmitted on different channels, rather than different frequencies. Finally, fiber optic uses pulses of light to transmit information. The modem has to decode these signals into standard data packages.\r\nOnce the modem has turned the ISP’s network signal into data packages, the router can distribute them to the target device.","iconURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/Router1.png"}],"characteristics":[],"concurentProducts":[],"jobRoles":[],"organizationalFeatures":[],"complementaryCategories":[],"solutions":[],"materials":[],"useCases":[],"best_practices":[],"values":[],"implementations":[]},"f5-big-ip-application-delivery-services":{"id":4716,"logoURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/F5_Networks_logo.png","logo":true,"scheme":false,"title":"F5 Big-IP Application Delivery Services","vendorVerified":0,"rating":"0.00","implementationsCount":1,"suppliersCount":0,"supplierPartnersCount":1,"alias":"f5-big-ip-application-delivery-services","companyTitle":"F5 Networks","companyTypes":["vendor"],"companyId":2749,"companyAlias":"f5-networks","description":"<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Explore BIG-IP application services</span>\r\nKeep your apps up and running with BIG-IP application delivery controllers. BIG-IP Local Traffic Manager (LTM) and BIG-IP DNS handle your application traffic and secure your infrastructure. You’ll get built-in security, traffic management, and performance application services, whether your applications live in a private data center or in the cloud.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Service Provider</span>\r\nBIG-IP Diameter Traffic Management, BIG-IP Policy Enforcement Manager (PEM), and BIG-IP Carrier-Grade NAT (CGNAT) manage network resources to keep your applications performing at carrier-grade levels. They also help you identify ways to optimize and monetize your network, improving your bottom line.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Platforms</span>\r\nGet the right platform for your business, whether you deploy your applications on-premises, in the cloud, or both. Hardware appliances include the new BIG-IP iSeries or our high-performing VIPRION chassis and blades. Software options are available through BIG-IP virtual edition or BIG-IP Cloud Edition.","shortDescription":"BIG-IP Application Delivery Services - advanced technology for an app-centric world.","type":null,"isRoiCalculatorAvaliable":false,"isConfiguratorAvaliable":false,"bonus":100,"usingCount":11,"sellingCount":2,"discontinued":0,"rebateForPoc":0,"rebate":0,"seo":{"title":"F5 Big-IP Application Delivery Services","keywords":"","description":"<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Explore BIG-IP application services</span>\r\nKeep your apps up and running with BIG-IP application delivery controllers. BIG-IP Local Traffic Manager (LTM) and BIG-IP DNS handle your application traffic and secure your infrastru","og:title":"F5 Big-IP Application Delivery Services","og:description":"<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Explore BIG-IP application services</span>\r\nKeep your apps up and running with BIG-IP application delivery controllers. BIG-IP Local Traffic Manager (LTM) and BIG-IP DNS handle your application traffic and secure your infrastru","og:image":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/F5_Networks_logo.png"},"eventUrl":"","translationId":4717,"dealDetails":null,"roi":null,"price":null,"bonusForReference":null,"templateData":[],"testingArea":"","categories":[{"id":5,"title":"Security Software","alias":"security-software","description":" Computer security software or cybersecurity software is any computer program designed to enhance information security. Security software is a broad term that encompasses a suite of different types of software that deliver data and computer and network security in various forms. \r\nSecurity software can protect a computer from viruses, malware, unauthorized users and other security exploits originating from the Internet. Different types of security software include anti-virus software, firewall software, network security software, Internet security software, malware/spamware removal and protection software, cryptographic software, and more.\r\nIn end-user computing environments, anti-spam and anti-virus security software is the most common type of software used, whereas enterprise users add a firewall and intrusion detection system on top of it. \r\nSecurity soft may be focused on preventing attacks from reaching their target, on limiting the damage attacks can cause if they reach their target and on tracking the damage that has been caused so that it can be repaired. As the nature of malicious code evolves, security software also evolves.<span style=\"font-weight: bold; \"></span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Firewall. </span>Firewall security software prevents unauthorized users from accessing a computer or network without restricting those who are authorized. Firewalls can be implemented with hardware or software. Some computer operating systems include software firewalls in the operating system itself. For example, Microsoft Windows has a built-in firewall. Routers and servers can include firewalls. There are also dedicated hardware firewalls that have no other function other than protecting a network from unauthorized access.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Antivirus.</span> Antivirus solutions work to prevent malicious code from attacking a computer by recognizing the attack before it begins. But it is also designed to stop an attack in progress that could not be prevented, and to repair damage done by the attack once the attack abates. Antivirus software is useful because it addresses security issues in cases where attacks have made it past a firewall. New computer viruses appear daily, so antivirus and security software must be continuously updated to remain effective.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Antispyware.</span> While antivirus software is designed to prevent malicious software from attacking, the goal of antispyware software is to prevent unauthorized software from stealing information that is on a computer or being processed through the computer. Since spyware does not need to attempt to damage data files or the operating system, it does not trigger antivirus software into action. However, antispyware software can recognize the particular actions spyware is taking by monitoring the communications between a computer and external message recipients. When communications occur that the user has not authorized, antispyware can notify the user and block further communications.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Home Computers.</span> Home computers and some small businesses usually implement&nbsp; security software at the desktop level - meaning on the PC itself. This category of computer security and protection, sometimes referred to as end-point security, remains resident, or continuously operating, on the desktop. Because the software is running, it uses system resources, and can slow the computer's performance. However, because it operates in real time, it can react rapidly to attacks and seek to shut them down when they occur.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Network Security.</span> When several computers are all on the same network, it's more cost-effective to implement security at the network level. Antivirus software can be installed on a server and then loaded automatically to each desktop. However firewalls are usually installed on a server or purchased as an independent device that is inserted into the network where the Internet connection comes in. All of the computers inside the network communicate unimpeded, but any data going in or out of the network over the Internet is filtered trough the firewall.<br /><br /><br />","materialsDescription":"<h1 class=\"align-center\"> <span style=\"font-weight: normal; \">What is IT security software?</span></h1>\r\nIT security software provides protection to businesses’ computer or network. It serves as a defense against unauthorized access and intrusion in such a system. It comes in various types, with many businesses and individuals already using some of them in one form or another.\r\nWith the emergence of more advanced technology, cybercriminals have also found more ways to get into the system of many organizations. Since more and more businesses are now relying their crucial operations on software products, the importance of security system software assurance must be taken seriously – now more than ever. Having reliable protection such as a security software programs is crucial to safeguard your computing environments and data. \r\n<p class=\"align-left\">It is not just the government or big corporations that become victims of cyber threats. In fact, small and medium-sized businesses have increasingly become targets of cybercrime over the past years. </p>\r\n<h1 class=\"align-center\"><span style=\"font-weight: normal; \">What are the features of IT security software?</span></h1>\r\n\r\n<ul><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Automatic updates. </span>This ensures you don’t miss any update and your system is the most up-to-date version to respond to the constantly emerging new cyber threats.</li></ul>\r\n\r\n<ul><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Real-time scanning.</span> Dynamic scanning features make it easier to detect and infiltrate malicious entities promptly. Without this feature, you’ll risk not being able to prevent damage to your system before it happens.</li></ul>\r\n\r\n<ul><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Auto-clean.</span> A feature that rids itself of viruses even without the user manually removing it from its quarantine zone upon detection. Unless you want the option to review the malware, there is no reason to keep the malicious software on your computer which makes this feature essential.</li></ul>\r\n\r\n<ul><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Multiple app protection.</span> This feature ensures all your apps and services are protected, whether they’re in email, instant messenger, and internet browsers, among others.</li></ul>\r\n\r\n<ul><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Application level security.</span> This enables you to control access to the application on a per-user role or per-user basis to guarantee only the right individuals can enter the appropriate applications.</li></ul>\r\n\r\n<ul><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Role-based menu.</span> This displays menu options showing different users according to their roles for easier assigning of access and control.</li></ul>\r\n\r\n<ul><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Row-level (multi-tenant) security.</span> This gives you control over data access at a row-level for a single application. This means you can allow multiple users to access the same application but you can control the data they are authorized to view.</li></ul>\r\n\r\n<ul><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Single sign-on.</span> A session or user authentication process that allows users to access multiple related applications as long as they are authorized in a single session by only logging in their name and password in a single place.</li></ul>\r\n\r\n<ul><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">User privilege parameters.</span> These are customizable features and security as per individual user or role that can be accessed in their profile throughout every application.</li></ul>\r\n\r\n<ul><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Application activity auditing.</span> Vital for IT departments to quickly view when a user logged in and off and which application they accessed. Developers can log end-user activity using their sign-on/signoff activities.</li></ul>\r\n<p class=\"align-left\"><br /><br /><br /><br /></p>","iconURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/icon_Security_Software.png"},{"id":834,"title":"IoT - Internet of Things Security","alias":"iot-internet-of-things-security","description":" IoT security is the technology area concerned with safeguarding connected devices and networks in the internet of things (IoT).\r\nIoT involves adding internet connectivity to a system of interrelated computing devices, mechanical and digital machines, objects, animals and/or people. Each &quot;thing&quot; is provided a unique identifier and the ability to automatically transfer data over a network. Allowing devices to connect to the internet opens them up to a number of serious vulnerabilities if they are not properly protected.\r\nIoT security has become the subject of scrutiny after a number of high-profile incidents where a common IoT device was used to infiltrate and attack the larger network. Implementing security measures is critical to ensuring the safety of networks with IoT devices connected to them.\r\nIoT security hacks can happen in any industry, from smart home to a manufacturing plant to a connected car. The severity of impact depends greatly on the individual system, the data collected and/or the information it contains.\r\nAn attack disabling the brakes of a connected car, for example, or on a connected health device, such as an insulin pump hacked to administer too much medication to a patient, can be life-threatening. Likewise, an attack on a refrigeration system housing medicine that is monitored by an IoT system can ruin the viability of a medicine if temperatures fluctuate. Similarly, an attack on critical infrastructure -- an oil well, energy grid or water supply -- can be disastrous.\r\nSo, a robust IoT security portfolio must allow protecting devices from all types of vulnerabilities while deploying the security level that best matches application needs. Cryptography technologies are used to combat communication attacks. Security services are offered for protecting against lifecycle attacks. Isolation measures can be implemented to fend off software attacks. And, finally, IoT security should include tamper mitigation and side-channel attack mitigation technologies for fighting physical attacks of the chip.","materialsDescription":" <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What are the key requirements of IoT Security?</span>\r\nThe key requirements for any IoT security solution are:\r\n<ul><li>Device and data security, including authentication of devices and confidentiality and integrity of data</li><li>Implementing and running security operations at IoT scale</li><li>Meeting compliance requirements and requests</li><li>Meeting performance requirements as per the use case</li></ul>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What do connected devices require to participate in the IoT Securely?</span>\r\nTo securely participate in the IoT, each connected device needs a unique identification – even before it has an IP address. This digital credential establishes the root of trust for the device’s entire lifecycle, from initial design to deployment to retirement.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Why is device authentication necessary for the IoT?</span>\r\nStrong IoT device authentication is required to ensure connected devices on the IoT can be trusted to be what they purport to be. Consequently, each IoT device needs a unique identity that can be authenticated when the device attempts to connect to a gateway or central server. With this unique ID in place, IT system administrators can track each device throughout its lifecycle, communicate securely with it, and prevent it from executing harmful processes. If a device exhibits unexpected behavior, administrators can simply revoke its privileges.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Why is secure manufacturing necessary for IoT devices?</span>\r\nIoT devices produced through unsecured manufacturing processes provide criminals opportunities to change production runs to introduce unauthorized code or produce additional units that are subsequently sold on the black market.\r\nOne way to secure manufacturing processes is to use hardware security modules (HSMs) and supporting security software to inject cryptographic keys and digital certificates and to control the number of units built and the code incorporated into each.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Why is code signing necessary for IoT devices?</span>\r\nTo protect businesses, brands, partners, and users from software that has been infected by malware, software developers have adopted code signing. In the IoT, code signing in the software release process ensures the integrity of IoT device software and firmware updates and defends against the risks associated with code tampering or code that deviates from organizational policies.\r\nIn public key cryptography, code signing is a specific use of certificate-based digital signatures that enables an organization to verify the identity of the software publisher and certify the software has not been changed since it was published.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What is IoT PKI?</span>\r\nToday there are more things (devices) online than there are people on the planet! Devices are the number one users of the Internet and need digital identities for secure operation. As enterprises seek to transform their business models to stay competitive, rapid adoption of IoT technologies is creating increasing demand for Public Key Infrastructures (PKIs) to provide digital certificates for the growing number of devices and the software and firmware they run.\r\nSafe IoT deployments require not only trusting the devices to be authentic and to be who they say they are, but also trusting that the data they collect is real and not altered. If one cannot trust the IoT devices and the data, there is no point in collecting, running analytics, and executing decisions based on the information collected.\r\nSecure adoption of IoT requires:\r\n<ul><li>Enabling mutual authentication between connected devices and applications</li><li>Maintaining the integrity and confidentiality of the data collected by devices</li><li>Ensuring the legitimacy and integrity of the software downloaded to devices</li><li>Preserving the privacy of sensitive data in light of stricter security regulations</li></ul>","iconURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/iot.png"},{"id":178,"title":"IoT - Internet of Things","alias":"iot-internet-of-things","description":"The Internet of things (IoT) is the extension of Internet connectivity into physical devices and everyday objects. Embedded with electronics, Internet connectivity, and other forms of hardware (such as sensors), these devices can communicate and interact with others over the Internet, and they can be remotely monitored and controlled.\r\nThe definition of the Internet of things has evolved due to the convergence of multiple technologies, real-time analytics, machine learning, commodity sensors, and embedded systems. Traditional fields of embedded systems, wireless sensor networks, control systems, automation (including home and building automation). and others all contribute to enabling the Internet of things. In the consumer market, IoT technology is most synonymous with products pertaining to the concept of the &quot;smart home&quot;, covering devices and appliances (such as lighting fixtures, thermostats, home security systems and cameras, and other home appliances) that support one or more common ecosystems, and can be controlled via devices associated with that ecosystem, such as smartphones and smart speakers.\r\nThe IoT concept has faced prominent criticism, especially in regards to privacy and security concerns related to these devices and their intention of pervasive presence.","materialsDescription":"<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What is the Internet of Things (IoT)?</span>\r\nThe Internet of things refers to the network of things (physical objects) that can be connected to the Internet to collect and share data without human-to-human or human-to-computer interaction.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Why is it called the Internet of Things?</span>\r\nThe term Internet of things was coined by Kevin Ashton in 1999. Stemming from Kevin Ashton’s experience with RFID, the term Internet of things originally described the concept of tagging every object in a person’s life with machine-readable codes. This would allow computers to easily manage and inventory all of these things.\r\nThe term IoT today has evolved to a much broader prospect. It now encompasses ubiquitous connectivity, devices, sensors, analytics, machine learning, and many other technologies.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What is an IoT solution?</span>\r\nAn IoT solution is a combination of devices or other data sources, outfitted with sensors and Internet connected hardware to securely report information back to an IoT platform. This information is often a physical metric which can help users answer a question or solve a specific problem.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What is an IoT Proof of Concept (PoC)?</span>\r\nThe purpose of a PoC is to experiment with a solution in your environment, collect data, and evaluate performance from a set timeline on a set budget. A PoC is a low-risk way to introduce IoT to an organization.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What is an IoT cloud platform?</span>\r\nAn IoT platform provides users with one or more of these key elements — visualization tools, data security features, a workflow engine and a custom user interface to utilize the information collected from devices and other data sources in the field. These platforms are based in the cloud and can be accessed from anywhere.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What is industrial equipment monitoring?</span>\r\nIndustrial equipment monitoring uses a network of connected sensors - either native to a piece of equipment or retrofitted - to inform owners/operators of a machine’s output, component conditions, need for service or impending failure. Industrial equipment monitoring is an IoT solution which can utilize an IoT platform to unify disparate data and enable decision-makers to respond to real-time data.<br /><br />","iconURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/IoT_-_Internet_of_Things.png"},{"id":56,"title":"Router","alias":"router","description":"A router is a networking device that forwards data packets between computer networks. Routers perform the traffic directing functions on the Internet. Data sent through the internet, such as a web page or email, is in the form of data packets. A packet is typically forwarded from one router to another router through the networks that constitute an internetwork (e.g. the Internet) until it reaches its destination node.\r\nA router is connected to two or more data lines from different IP networks. When a data packet comes in on one of the lines, the router reads the network address information in the packet header to determine the ultimate destination. Then, using information in its routing table or routing policy, it directs the packet to the next network on its journey.\r\nThe most familiar type of IP routers are home and small office routers that simply forward IP packets between the home computers and the Internet. An example of a router would be the owner's cable or DSL router, which connects to the Internet through an Internet service provider (ISP). More sophisticated routers, such as enterprise routers, connect large business or ISP networks up to the powerful core routers that forward data at high speed along the optical fiber lines of the Internet backbone.\r\nThe main purpose of a router is to connect multiple networks and forward packets destined either for its own networks or other networks. A router is considered a layer-3 device because its primary forwarding decision is based on the information in the layer-3 IP packet, specifically the destination IP address. When a router receives a packet, it searches its routing table to find the best match between the destination IP address of the packet and one of the addresses in the routing table. Once a match is found, the packet is encapsulated in the layer-2 data link frame for the outgoing interface indicated in the table entry. A router typically does not look into the packet payload,[citation needed] but only at the layer-3 addresses to make a forwarding decision, plus optionally other information in the header for hints on, for example, quality of service (QoS). For pure IP forwarding, a router is designed to minimize the state information associated with individual packets. Once a packet is forwarded, the router does not retain any historical information about the packet.\r\nThe routing table itself can contain information derived from a variety of sources, such as a default or static routes that are configured manually, or dynamic routing protocols where the router learns routes from other routers. A default route is one that is used to route all traffic whose destination does not otherwise appear in the routing table; this is common – even necessary – in small networks, such as a home or small business where the default route simply sends all non-local traffic to the Internet service provider. The default route can be manually configured (as a static route), or learned by dynamic routing protocols, or be obtained by DHCP.\r\nA router can run more than one routing protocol at a time, particularly if it serves as an autonomous system border router between parts of a network that run different routing protocols; if it does so, then redistribution may be used (usually selectively) to share information between the different protocols running on the same router.\r\nBesides making a decision as to which interface a packet is forwarded to, which is handled primarily via the routing table, a router also has to manage congestion when packets arrive at a rate higher than the router can process. Three policies commonly used in the Internet are tail drop, random early detection (RED), and weighted random early detection (WRED). Tail drop is the simplest and most easily implemented; the router simply drops new incoming packets once the length of the queue exceeds the size of the buffers in the router. RED probabilistically drops datagrams early when the queue exceeds a pre-configured portion of the buffer, until a pre-determined max, when it becomes tail drop. WRED requires a weight on the average queue size to act upon when the traffic is about to exceed the pre-configured size, so that short bursts will not trigger random drops.\r\nAnother function a router performs is to decide which packet should be processed first when multiple queues exist. This is managed through QoS, which is critical when Voice over IP is deployed, so as not to introduce excessive latency.\r\nYet another function a router performs is called policy-based routing where special rules are constructed to override the rules derived from the routing table when a packet forwarding decision is made.\r\nRouter functions may be performed through the same internal paths that the packets travel inside the router. Some of the functions may be performed through an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) to avoid overhead of scheduling CPU time to process the packets. Others may have to be performed through the CPU as these packets need special attention that cannot be handled by an ASIC.","materialsDescription":" <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What Is a Router?</span>\r\nRouters are the nodes that make up a computer network like the internet. The router you use at home is the central node of your home network.\r\nIt functions as an information manager between the internet and all devices that go online (i.e. all devices connected to the router). Generally speaking, routers direct incoming traffic to its destination.\r\nThis also makes your router the first line of security in protecting your home network from malicious online attacks.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What Does a Router Do?</span>\r\nYour router handles network traffic. For example, to view this article, data packages coding for this website have to transit from our server, through various nodes on the internet, and finally through your router to arrive on your phone or computer. On your device, your browser decodes those data packages to display the article you’re currently reading.\r\nSince a typical household has more than one device that connects to the internet, you need a router to manage the incoming network signals. In other words, your router makes sure that the data packages coding for a website you want to view on your computer aren’t sent to your phone. It does that by using your device’s MAC address.\r\nWhile your router has a unique (external) IP address to receive data packages from servers worldwide, every device on your home network also carries a unique MAC address. Simply put, when you try to access information online, your router maintains a table to keep track of which device requested information from where. Based on this table, your router distributes incoming data packages to the correct recipient.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What Is the Difference Between Modems and Routers?</span>\r\nA modem turns the proprietary network signal of your ISP (internet service provider) into a standard network signal. In theory, you can choose between multiple ISPs and some of them may use the same delivery route. Your modem knows which signals to read and translate.\r\nThe kind of modem your ISP will provide you with depends on how you’re connecting to the internet. For example, a DSL modem requires a different technology than a cable or fiber optic broadband modem. That’s because one uses the copper wiring of your telephone line, while the others use a coaxial or a fiber optic cable, respectively.\r\nThe DSL modem has to filter and read both the low frequencies that phone and voice data produce, as well as the high frequencies of internet data. Cable modems, on the other hand, have to differentiate between television and internet signals, which are transmitted on different channels, rather than different frequencies. Finally, fiber optic uses pulses of light to transmit information. The modem has to decode these signals into standard data packages.\r\nOnce the modem has turned the ISP’s network signal into data packages, the router can distribute them to the target device.","iconURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/Router1.png"},{"id":540,"title":"Security Hardware","alias":"security-hardware","description":"Hardware security as a discipline originated out of cryptographic engineering and involves hardware design, access control, secure multi-party computation, secure key storage, ensuring code authenticity and measures to ensure that the supply chain that built the product is secure, among other things.\r\nA hardware security module (HSM) is a physical computing device that safeguards and manages digital keys for strong authentication and provides cryptoprocessing. These modules traditionally come in the form of a plug-in card or an external device that attaches directly to a computer or network server.\r\nSome providers in this discipline consider that the key difference between hardware security and software security is that hardware security is implemented using &quot;non-Turing-machine&quot; logic (raw combinatorial logic or simple state machines). One approach, referred to as &quot;hardsec&quot;, uses FPGAs to implement non-Turing-machine security controls as a way of combining the security of hardware with the flexibility of software.\r\nHardware backdoors are backdoors in hardware. Conceptionally related, a hardware Trojan (HT) is a malicious modification of an electronic system, particularly in the context of an integrated circuit.\r\nA physical unclonable function (PUF) is a physical entity that is embodied in a physical structure and is easy to evaluate but hard to predict. Further, an individual PUF device must be easy to make but practically impossible to duplicate, even given the exact manufacturing process that produced it. In this respect, it is the hardware analog of a one-way function. The name &quot;physically unclonable function&quot; might be a little misleading as some PUFs are clonable, and most PUFs are noisy and therefore do not achieve the requirements for a function. Today, PUFs are usually implemented in integrated circuits and are typically used in applications with high-security requirements.\r\nMany attacks on sensitive data and resources reported by organizations occur from within the organization itself.","materialsDescription":"<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What is hardware information security?</span>\r\nHardware means various types of devices (mechanical, electromechanical, electronic, etc.), which solve information protection problems with hardware. They impede access to information, including through its disguise. The hardware includes: noise generators, surge protectors, scanning radios and many other devices that &quot;block&quot; potential channels of information leakage or allow them to be detected. The advantages of technical means are related to their reliability, independence from subjective factors and high resistance to modification. The weaknesses include a lack of flexibility, relatively large volume and mass and high cost. The hardware for information protection includes the most diverse technical structures in terms of operation, device and capabilities, which ensure the suppression of disclosure, protection against leakage and counteraction to unauthorized access to sources of confidential information.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Where is the hardware used to protect information?</span>\r\nHardware information protection is used to solve the following problems:\r\n<ul><li>conducting special studies of technical means of ensuring production activity for the presence of possible channels of information leakage;</li><li>identification of information leakage channels at various objects and in premises;</li><li>localization of information leakage channels;</li><li>search and detection of industrial espionage tools;</li><li>countering unauthorized access to confidential information sources and other actions.</li></ul>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What is the classification of information security hardware?</span>\r\nAccording to the functional purpose, the hardware can be classified into detection tools, search tools and detailed measurements and active and passive countermeasures. At the same time, according to their technical capabilities, information protection tools can be general-purpose, designed for use by non-professionals in order to obtain preliminary (general) estimates, and professional complexes that allow for a thorough search, detection and precision measurement of all the characteristics of industrial espionage equipment. As an example of the former, we can consider a group of IP electromagnetic radiation indicators, which have a wide range of received signals and rather low sensitivity. As a second example - a complex for the detection and direction finding of radio bookmarks, designed to automatically detect and locate radio transmitters, radio microphones, telephone bookmarks and network radio transmitters.<br /><br />","iconURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/icon_Security_Hardware.png"},{"id":471,"title":"Hardware","alias":"hardware","description":" Computer hardware includes the physical, tangible parts or components of a computer, such as the cabinet, central processing unit, monitor, keyboard, computer data storage, graphics card, sound card, speakers and motherboard. By contrast, software is instructions that can be stored and run by hardware. Hardware is so-termed because it is &quot;hard&quot; or rigid with respect to changes or modifications; whereas software is &quot;soft&quot; because it is easy to update or change. Intermediate between software and hardware is &quot;firmware&quot;, which is software that is strongly coupled to the particular hardware of a computer system and thus the most difficult to change but also among the most stable with respect to consistency of interface. The progression from levels of &quot;hardness&quot; to &quot;softness&quot; in computer systems parallels a progression of layers of abstraction in computing.\r\nHardware is typically directed by the software to execute any command or instruction. A combination of hardware and software forms a usable computing system, although other systems exist with only hardware components.\r\nThe template for all modern computers is the Von Neumann architecture, detailed in a 1945 paper by Hungarian mathematician John von Neumann. This describes a design architecture for an electronic digital computer with subdivisions of a processing unit consisting of an arithmetic logic unit and processor registers, a control unit containing an instruction register and program counter, a memory to store both data and instructions, external mass storage, and input and output mechanisms. The meaning of the term has evolved to mean a stored-program computer in which an instruction fetch and a data operation cannot occur at the same time because they share a common bus. This is referred to as the Von Neumann bottleneck and often limits the performance of the system.","materialsDescription":" <span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">What does Hardware (H/W) mean?</span>\r\nHardware (H/W), in the context of technology, refers to the physical elements that make up a computer or electronic system and everything else involved that is physically tangible. This includes the monitor, hard drive, memory and CPU. Hardware works hand-in-hand with firmware and software to make a computer function.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">What are the types of computer systems?</span>\r\n<span style=\"font-style: italic; \"><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Personal computer</span></span>\r\nThe personal computer, also known as the PC, is one of the most common types of computer due to its versatility and relatively low price. Laptops are generally very similar, although they may use lower-power or reduced size components, thus lower performance.\r\n<span style=\"font-style: italic; \"><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Case</span></span>\r\nThe computer case encloses and holds most of the components of the system. It provides mechanical support and protection for internal elements such as the motherboard, disk drives, and power supplies, and controls and directs the flow of cooling air over internal components. The case is also part of the system to control electromagnetic interference radiated by the computer, and protects internal parts from electrostatic discharge. Large tower cases provide extra internal space for multiple disk drives or other peripherals and usually stand on the floor, while desktop cases provide less expansion room. All-in-one style designs include a video display built into the same case. Portable and laptop computers require cases that provide impact protection for the unit. A current development in laptop computers is a detachable keyboard, which allows the system to be configured as a touch-screen tablet. Hobbyists may decorate the cases with colored lights, paint, or other features, in an activity called case modding.\r\n<span style=\"font-style: italic; \"><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Power supply</span></span>\r\nA power supply unit (PSU) converts alternating current (AC) electric power to low-voltage direct current (DC) power for the internal components of the computer. Laptops are capable of running from a built-in battery, normally for a period of hours. The PSU typically uses a switched-mode power supply (SMPS), with power MOSFETs (power metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors) used in the converters and regulator circuits of the SMPS.\r\n<span style=\"font-style: italic; \"><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Motherboard</span></span>\r\nThe motherboard is the main component of a computer. It is a board with integrated circuitry that connects the other parts of the computer including the CPU, the RAM, the disk drives (CD, DVD, hard disk, or any others) as well as any peripherals connected via the ports or the expansion slots. The integrated circuit (IC) chips in a computer typically contain billions of tiny metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs).\r\nComponents directly attached to or to part of the motherboard include:\r\n<ul><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">The CPU (central processing unit)</span>, which performs most of the calculations which enable a computer to function, and is referred to as the brain of the computer which get a hold of program instruction from random-access memory (RAM), interprets and processes it and then send it backs to computer result so that the relevant components can carry out the instructions. The CPU is a microprocessor, which is fabricated on a metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) integrated circuit (IC) chip. It is usually cooled by a heat sink and fan, or water-cooling system. Most newer CPU include an on-die graphics processing unit (GPU). The clock speed of CPU governs how fast it executes instructions, and is measured in GHz; typical values lie between 1 GHz and 5 GHz. Many modern computers have the option to overclock the CPU which enhances performance at the expense of greater thermal output and thus a need for improved cooling.</li><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">The chipset</span>, which includes the north bridge, mediates communication between the CPU and the other components of the system, including main memory; as well as south bridge, which is connected to the north bridge, and supports auxiliary interfaces and buses; and, finally, a Super I/O chip, connected through the south bridge, which supports the slowest and most legacy components like serial ports, hardware monitoring and fan control.</li><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Random-access memory (RAM)</span>, which stores the code and data that are being actively accessed by the CPU. For example, when a web browser is opened on the computer it takes up memory; this is stored in the RAM until the web browser is closed. It is typically a type of dynamic RAM (DRAM), such as synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), where MOS memory chips store data on memory cells consisting of MOSFETs and MOS capacitors. RAM usually comes on dual in-line memory modules (DIMMs) in the sizes of 2GB, 4GB, and 8GB, but can be much larger.</li><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Read-only memory (ROM)</span>, which stores the BIOS that runs when the computer is powered on or otherwise begins execution, a process known as Bootstrapping, or &quot;booting&quot; or &quot;booting up&quot;. The ROM is typically a nonvolatile BIOS memory chip, which stores data on floating-gate MOSFET memory cells.</li><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">The BIOS (Basic Input Output System)</span> includes boot firmware and power management firmware. Newer motherboards use Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI) instead of BIOS.</li><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Buses</span> that connect the CPU to various internal components and to expand cards for graphics and sound.</li><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">The CMOS</span> (complementary MOS) battery, which powers the CMOS memory for date and time in the BIOS chip. This battery is generally a watch battery.</li><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">The video card</span> (also known as the graphics card), which processes computer graphics. More powerful graphics cards are better suited to handle strenuous tasks, such as playing intensive video games or running computer graphics software. A video card contains a graphics processing unit (GPU) and video memory (typically a type of SDRAM), both fabricated on MOS integrated circuit (MOS IC) chips.</li><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Power MOSFETs</span> make up the voltage regulator module (VRM), which controls how much voltage other hardware components receive.</li></ul>\r\n<span style=\"font-style: italic; \"><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Expansion cards</span></span>\r\nAn expansion card in computing is a printed circuit board that can be inserted into an expansion slot of a computer motherboard or backplane to add functionality to a computer system via the expansion bus. Expansion cards can be used to obtain or expand on features not offered by the motherboard.\r\n<span style=\"font-style: italic; \"><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Storage devices</span></span>\r\nA storage device is any computing hardware and digital media that is used for storing, porting and extracting data files and objects. It can hold and store information both temporarily and permanently, and can be internal or external to a computer, server or any similar computing device. Data storage is a core function and fundamental component of computers.\r\n<span style=\"font-style: italic; \"><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Fixed media</span></span>\r\nData is stored by a computer using a variety of media. Hard disk drives (HDDs) are found in virtually all older computers, due to their high capacity and low cost, but solid-state drives (SSDs) are faster and more power efficient, although currently more expensive than hard drives in terms of dollar per gigabyte, so are often found in personal computers built post-2007. SSDs use flash memory, which stores data on MOS memory chips consisting of floating-gate MOSFET memory cells. Some systems may use a disk array controller for greater performance or reliability.\r\n<span style=\"font-style: italic; \"><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Removable media</span></span>\r\nTo transfer data between computers, an external flash memory device (such as a memory card or USB flash drive) or optical disc (such as a CD-ROM, DVD-ROM or BD-ROM) may be used. Their usefulness depends on being readable by other systems; the majority of machines have an optical disk drive (ODD), and virtually all have at least one Universal Serial Bus (USB) port.\r\n<span style=\"font-style: italic; \"><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Input and output peripherals</span></span>\r\nInput and output devices are typically housed externally to the main computer chassis. The following are either standard or very common to many computer systems.\r\n<span style=\"font-style: italic; \"><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Input</span></span>\r\nInput devices allow the user to enter information into the system, or control its operation. Most personal computers have a mouse and keyboard, but laptop systems typically use a touchpad instead of a mouse. Other input devices include webcams, microphones, joysticks, and image scanners.\r\n<span style=\"font-style: italic; \"><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Output device</span></span>\r\nOutput devices display information in a human readable form. Such devices could include printers, speakers, monitors or a Braille embosser.\r\n<span style=\"font-style: italic; \"><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Mainframe computer</span></span>\r\nA mainframe computer is a much larger computer that typically fills a room and may cost many hundreds or thousands of times as much as a personal computer. They are designed to perform large numbers of calculations for governments and large enterprises.\r\n<span style=\"font-style: italic; \"><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Departmental computing</span></span>\r\nIn the 1960s and 1970s, more and more departments started to use cheaper and dedicated systems for specific purposes like process control and laboratory automation.\r\n<span style=\"font-style: italic;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Supercomputer</span></span>\r\nA supercomputer is superficially similar to a mainframe, but is instead intended for extremely demanding computational tasks. As of June 2018, the fastest supercomputer on the TOP500supercomputer list is the Summit, in the United States, with a LINPACK benchmarkscore of 122.3 PFLOPS Light, by around 29 PFLOPS.\r\nThe term supercomputer does not refer to a specific technology. Rather it indicates the fastest computations available at any given time. In mid 2011, the fastest supercomputers boasted speeds exceeding one petaflop, or 1 quadrillion (10^15 or 1,000 trillion) floating point operations per second. Supercomputers are fast but extremely costly, so they are generally used by large organizations to execute computationally demanding tasks involving large data sets. Supercomputers typically run military and scientific applications. Although costly, they are also being used for commercial applications where huge amounts of data must be analyzed. For example, large banks employ supercomputers to calculate the risks and returns of various investment strategies, and healthcare organizations use them to analyze giant databases of patient data to determine optimal treatments for various diseases and problems incurring to the country. ","iconURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/icon_Hardware.jpg"}],"characteristics":[],"concurentProducts":[],"jobRoles":[],"organizationalFeatures":[],"complementaryCategories":[],"solutions":[],"materials":[],"useCases":[],"best_practices":[],"values":[],"implementations":[]},"f5-big-ip-dns-formerly-global-traffic-manager-gtm":{"id":500,"logoURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/F5_BIG-IP_DNS__ranee_Global_Traffic_Manager_-_GTM_.jpg","logo":true,"scheme":false,"title":"F5 BIG-IP DNS (formerly Global Traffic Manager - GTM)","vendorVerified":0,"rating":"1.70","implementationsCount":1,"suppliersCount":0,"supplierPartnersCount":1,"alias":"f5-big-ip-dns-formerly-global-traffic-manager-gtm","companyTitle":"F5 Networks","companyTypes":["vendor"],"companyId":2749,"companyAlias":"f5-networks","description":"Speed, meet security.\r\nBIG-IP DNS hyperscales up to 100 million responses per second (RPS) to manage rapid increases in DNS queries.&nbsp;\r\nWith a set of features that includes multicore scalability, DNS Express, and IP Anycast integration, BIG-IP DNS handles millions of DNS queries, protects your business from DDoS attacks, and ensures top application performance for users.\r\nBIG-IP DNS delivers a real-time, signed DNSSEC query response and DNS firewall services for attack protection and mitigates complex threats by blocking access to malicious domains.\r\nWorks with what you already have in place.\r\nBIG-IP DNS services integrate with DNS zone management solutions, increase DNS performance at the network edge, and mask the DNS back-end infrastructure.\r\n\r\nThat translates into higher productivity, server consolidation, faster responses, and protected DNS management.\r\nAll-over availability.\r\nBIG-IP DNS routes distributed app traffic to keep pace with changing network and user volumes that can overwhelm data centers during peak traffic times.\r\nBIG-IP DNS can also be configured as a full proxy for global load balancing applications and DNS across architectures, as well as across the globe. Plus, you can use it in virtual and hybrid cloud environments to extend DNS services and global app availability while keeping centralized control within the data center.\r\n","shortDescription":"BIG-IP DNS improves the performance and availability of your global applications by sending users to the closest or best-performing physical, virtual, or cloud environment. It also hyperscales and secures your DNS infrastructure from DDoS attacks and delivers a real-time DNSSEC solution that protects against hijacking attacks.","type":null,"isRoiCalculatorAvaliable":false,"isConfiguratorAvaliable":false,"bonus":100,"usingCount":12,"sellingCount":5,"discontinued":0,"rebateForPoc":0,"rebate":0,"seo":{"title":"F5 BIG-IP DNS (formerly Global Traffic Manager - GTM)","keywords":"BIG-IP, services, with, across, availability, that, global, queries","description":"Speed, meet security.\r\nBIG-IP DNS hyperscales up to 100 million responses per second (RPS) to manage rapid increases in DNS queries.&nbsp;\r\nWith a set of features that includes multicore scalability, DNS Express, and IP Anycast integration, BIG-IP DNS handles ","og:title":"F5 BIG-IP DNS (formerly Global Traffic Manager - GTM)","og:description":"Speed, meet security.\r\nBIG-IP DNS hyperscales up to 100 million responses per second (RPS) to manage rapid increases in DNS queries.&nbsp;\r\nWith a set of features that includes multicore scalability, DNS Express, and IP Anycast integration, BIG-IP DNS handles ","og:image":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/F5_BIG-IP_DNS__ranee_Global_Traffic_Manager_-_GTM_.jpg"},"eventUrl":"","translationId":501,"dealDetails":null,"roi":null,"price":null,"bonusForReference":null,"templateData":[],"testingArea":"","categories":[{"id":443,"title":"Application Delivery Controller (load balancer) - appliance","alias":"application-delivery-controller-load-balancer-appliance","description":" Application Delivery Controllers are the next generation of load balancers, and are typically located between the firewall/router and the web server farm. An application delivery controller is a network device that helps sites direct user traffic to remove excess load from two or more servers. In addition to providing Layer 4 load balancing, ADCs can manage Layer 7 for content switching, and also provide SSL offload and acceleration. They tend to offer more advanced features such as content redirection as well as server health monitoring. An Application delivery controller may also be known as a Web switch, URL switch, Web content switch, content switch and Layer 7 switch.\r\nToday, advanced application delivery controllers and intelligent load balancers are not only affordable, but the consolidation of Layer 4-7 load balancing and content switching, and server offload capabilities such as SSL, data caching and compression provides companies with cost-effective out-of-the-box infrastructure.\r\nFor enterprise organizations (companies with 1,000 or more employees), integrating best-of-breed network infrastructure is commonplace. However best-of-breed does not equate with deploying networks with enterprise-specific features and expensive products, but rather, deploying products that are purpose-built, with the explicit features, performance, reliability and scalability created specifically for the companies of all sizes.\r\nIn general, businesses of all sizes are inclined to purchase “big brand” products. However, smaller vendors that offer products within the same category can provide the optimal performance, features and reliability required, with the same benefits - at a lower cost.\r\nFor the enterprise market, best-of-breed comes with a high Total Cost of Ownership (TCO), since deploying products from various manufacturers requires additional training, maintenance and support. Kemp can help SMBs lower their TCO, and help them build reliable, high performance and scalable web and application infrastructure. Kemp products have a high price/performance value for SMBs. Our products are purpose-built for SMB businesses for dramatically less than the price of “big name” ADC and SLB vendors who are developing features that enterprise customers might use.","materialsDescription":" <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What are application delivery controllers?</span>\r\nApplication Delivery Controllers (ADCs) are the next stage in the development of server load balancing solutions. ADCs allow you to perform not only the tasks of balancing user requests between servers, but also incorporate mechanisms that increase the performance, security and resiliency of applications, as well as ensure their scalability.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">And what other possibilities do application controllers have?</span>\r\nIn addition to the function of uniform distribution of user requests, application delivery controllers have many other interesting features. They can provide around-the-clock availability of services, improve web application performance up to five times, reduce risks when launching new services, protect confidential data, and publish internal applications to the outside with secure external access (a potential replacement for outgoing Microsoft TMG).\r\nOne of the most important functions of application delivery controllers, which distinguish them from simple load balancers, is the presence of a functional capable of processing information issued to the user based on certain rules.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What are the prerequisites for implementing application delivery controllers in a particular organization?</span>\r\nA number of factors can determine the criteria for deciding whether to implement application controllers in your organization. First, this is the poor performance of web services, which is a long download of content, frequent hangs and crashes. Secondly, such a prerequisite can be interruptions in the work of services and communication channels, expressed in failures in the transmitting and receiving equipment that ensures the operation of the data transmission network, as well as failures in the operation of servers.\r\nIn addition, it is worth thinking about implementing application delivery controllers if you use Microsoft TMG or Cisco ACE products, since they are no longer supported by the manufacturer. A prerequisite for the implementation of ADC may be the launch of new large web projects, since this process will inevitably entail the need to ensure the operability of this web project with the maintenance of high fault tolerance and performance.\r\nAlso, controllers are needed when you need to provide fault tolerance, continuous availability and high speed of applications that are consolidated in the data center. A similar situation arises when it is necessary to build a backup data center: here you also need to ensure fault tolerance between several data centers located in different cities.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What are the prospects for the introduction of application controllers in Russia and in the world?</span>\r\nGartner's research shows that there have recently been marked changes in the market for products that offer load balancing mechanisms. In this segment, user demand shifts from servers implementing a simple load balancing mechanism to devices offering richer functionality.\r\nGartner: “The era of load balancing has long gone, and companies need to focus on products that offer richer application delivery functionality.”\r\nIn Russia, due to the specifics of the internal IT market, application controllers are implemented mainly because of the presence of some specific functionality, and not because of the comprehensive solution for delivering applications in general, which this product offers. The main task for which application delivery controllers are now most often sold is the same load balancing function as before.","iconURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/icon_Application_Delivery_Controller_load_balancer_appliance.png"},{"id":457,"title":"DDoS Protection","alias":"ddos-protection","description":" A denial-of-service attack (DoS attack) is a cyber-attack in which the perpetrator seeks to make a machine or network resource unavailable to its intended users by temporarily or indefinitely disrupting services of a host connected to the Internet. Denial of service is typically accomplished by flooding the targeted machine or resource with superfluous requests in an attempt to overload systems and prevent some or all legitimate requests from being fulfilled.\r\nIn a distributed denial-of-service attack (DDoS attack), the incoming traffic flooding the victim originates from many different sources. This effectively makes it impossible to stop the attack simply by blocking a single source.\r\nA DoS or DDoS attack is analogous to a group of people crowding the entry door of a shop, making it hard for legitimate customers to enter, disrupting trade.\r\nCriminal perpetrators of DoS attacks often target sites or services hosted on high-profile web servers such as banks or credit card payment gateways. Revenge, blackmail and activism can motivate these attacks. ","materialsDescription":" <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What are the Different Types of DDoS Attacks?</span>\r\nDistributed Denial of Service attacks vary significantly, and there are thousands of different ways an attack can be carried out (attack vectors), but an attack vector will generally fall into one of three broad categories:\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Volumetric Attacks:</span>\r\nVolumetric attacks attempt to consume the bandwidth either within the target network/service or between the target network/service and the rest of the Internet. These attacks are simply about causing congestion.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">TCP State-Exhaustion Attacks:</span>\r\nTCP State-Exhaustion attacks attempt to consume the connection state tables which are present in many infrastructure components such as load-balancers, firewalls and the application servers themselves. Even high capacity devices capable of maintaining state on millions of connections can be taken down by these attacks.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Application Layer Attacks:</span>\r\nApplication Layer attacks target some aspect of an application or service at Layer-7. These are the deadliest kind of attacks as they can be very effective with as few as one attacking machine generating a low traffic rate (this makes these attacks very difficult to proactively detect and mitigate). Application layer attacks have come to prevalence over the past three or four years and simple application layer flood attacks (HTTP GET flood etc.) have been some of the most common denials of service attacks seen in the wild.","iconURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/icon_DDoS_Protection.png"}],"characteristics":[],"concurentProducts":[],"jobRoles":[],"organizationalFeatures":[],"complementaryCategories":[],"solutions":[],"materials":[],"useCases":[],"best_practices":[],"values":[],"implementations":[]},"f5-big-ip-dns-big-ip-local-traffic-manager-from-securedata":{"id":1507,"logoURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/F5_BIG-IP_DNS__ranee_Global_Traffic_Manager_-_GTM_.jpg","logo":true,"scheme":false,"title":"F5 BIG-IP DNS, BIG-IP Local Traffic Manager from SecureData","vendorVerified":0,"rating":"1.40","implementationsCount":0,"suppliersCount":0,"supplierPartnersCount":0,"alias":"f5-big-ip-dns-big-ip-local-traffic-manager-from-securedata","companyTitle":"SecureData","companyTypes":["supplier"],"companyId":2950,"companyAlias":"securedata","description":"BIG-IP DNS hyperscales up to 100 million responses per second (RPS) to manage rapid increases in DNS queries.\r\nWith a set of features that includes multicore scalability, DNS Express, and IP Anycast integration, BIG-IP DNS handles millions of DNS queries, protects your business from DDoS attacks, and ensures top application performance for users.\r\nBIG-IP DNS delivers a real-time, signed DNSSEC query response and DNS firewall services for attack protection and mitigates complex threats by blocking access to malicious domains.\r\nWorks with what you already have in place.\r\nBIG-IP DNS services integrate with DNS zone management solutions, increase DNS performance at the network edge, and mask the DNS back-end infrastructure.\r\nBIG-IP Local Traffic Manager (LTM) gives you a depth of understanding about your network’s application traffic and control over how it’s handled. It transforms the chaotic volume of network traffic into logically assembled streams of data, and then makes intelligent traffic management decisions, selecting the right destination based on server performance, security, and availability.","shortDescription":"BIG-IP DNS improves the performance and availability of your global applications.\r\nBIG-IP Local Traffic Manager (LTM) gives you a depth of understanding about your network’s application traffic","type":null,"isRoiCalculatorAvaliable":false,"isConfiguratorAvaliable":false,"bonus":100,"usingCount":12,"sellingCount":13,"discontinued":0,"rebateForPoc":0,"rebate":0,"seo":{"title":"F5 BIG-IP DNS, BIG-IP Local Traffic Manager from SecureData","keywords":"","description":"BIG-IP DNS hyperscales up to 100 million responses per second (RPS) to manage rapid increases in DNS queries.\r\nWith a set of features that includes multicore scalability, DNS Express, and IP Anycast integration, BIG-IP DNS handles millions of DNS queries, prot","og:title":"F5 BIG-IP DNS, BIG-IP Local Traffic Manager from SecureData","og:description":"BIG-IP DNS hyperscales up to 100 million responses per second (RPS) to manage rapid increases in DNS queries.\r\nWith a set of features that includes multicore scalability, DNS Express, and IP Anycast integration, BIG-IP DNS handles millions of DNS queries, prot","og:image":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/F5_BIG-IP_DNS__ranee_Global_Traffic_Manager_-_GTM_.jpg"},"eventUrl":"","translationId":1508,"dealDetails":null,"roi":null,"price":null,"bonusForReference":null,"templateData":[],"testingArea":"","categories":[{"id":457,"title":"DDoS Protection","alias":"ddos-protection","description":" A denial-of-service attack (DoS attack) is a cyber-attack in which the perpetrator seeks to make a machine or network resource unavailable to its intended users by temporarily or indefinitely disrupting services of a host connected to the Internet. Denial of service is typically accomplished by flooding the targeted machine or resource with superfluous requests in an attempt to overload systems and prevent some or all legitimate requests from being fulfilled.\r\nIn a distributed denial-of-service attack (DDoS attack), the incoming traffic flooding the victim originates from many different sources. This effectively makes it impossible to stop the attack simply by blocking a single source.\r\nA DoS or DDoS attack is analogous to a group of people crowding the entry door of a shop, making it hard for legitimate customers to enter, disrupting trade.\r\nCriminal perpetrators of DoS attacks often target sites or services hosted on high-profile web servers such as banks or credit card payment gateways. Revenge, blackmail and activism can motivate these attacks. ","materialsDescription":" <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What are the Different Types of DDoS Attacks?</span>\r\nDistributed Denial of Service attacks vary significantly, and there are thousands of different ways an attack can be carried out (attack vectors), but an attack vector will generally fall into one of three broad categories:\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Volumetric Attacks:</span>\r\nVolumetric attacks attempt to consume the bandwidth either within the target network/service or between the target network/service and the rest of the Internet. These attacks are simply about causing congestion.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">TCP State-Exhaustion Attacks:</span>\r\nTCP State-Exhaustion attacks attempt to consume the connection state tables which are present in many infrastructure components such as load-balancers, firewalls and the application servers themselves. Even high capacity devices capable of maintaining state on millions of connections can be taken down by these attacks.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Application Layer Attacks:</span>\r\nApplication Layer attacks target some aspect of an application or service at Layer-7. These are the deadliest kind of attacks as they can be very effective with as few as one attacking machine generating a low traffic rate (this makes these attacks very difficult to proactively detect and mitigate). Application layer attacks have come to prevalence over the past three or four years and simple application layer flood attacks (HTTP GET flood etc.) have been some of the most common denials of service attacks seen in the wild.","iconURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/icon_DDoS_Protection.png"},{"id":443,"title":"Application Delivery Controller (load balancer) - appliance","alias":"application-delivery-controller-load-balancer-appliance","description":" Application Delivery Controllers are the next generation of load balancers, and are typically located between the firewall/router and the web server farm. An application delivery controller is a network device that helps sites direct user traffic to remove excess load from two or more servers. In addition to providing Layer 4 load balancing, ADCs can manage Layer 7 for content switching, and also provide SSL offload and acceleration. They tend to offer more advanced features such as content redirection as well as server health monitoring. An Application delivery controller may also be known as a Web switch, URL switch, Web content switch, content switch and Layer 7 switch.\r\nToday, advanced application delivery controllers and intelligent load balancers are not only affordable, but the consolidation of Layer 4-7 load balancing and content switching, and server offload capabilities such as SSL, data caching and compression provides companies with cost-effective out-of-the-box infrastructure.\r\nFor enterprise organizations (companies with 1,000 or more employees), integrating best-of-breed network infrastructure is commonplace. However best-of-breed does not equate with deploying networks with enterprise-specific features and expensive products, but rather, deploying products that are purpose-built, with the explicit features, performance, reliability and scalability created specifically for the companies of all sizes.\r\nIn general, businesses of all sizes are inclined to purchase “big brand” products. However, smaller vendors that offer products within the same category can provide the optimal performance, features and reliability required, with the same benefits - at a lower cost.\r\nFor the enterprise market, best-of-breed comes with a high Total Cost of Ownership (TCO), since deploying products from various manufacturers requires additional training, maintenance and support. Kemp can help SMBs lower their TCO, and help them build reliable, high performance and scalable web and application infrastructure. Kemp products have a high price/performance value for SMBs. Our products are purpose-built for SMB businesses for dramatically less than the price of “big name” ADC and SLB vendors who are developing features that enterprise customers might use.","materialsDescription":" <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What are application delivery controllers?</span>\r\nApplication Delivery Controllers (ADCs) are the next stage in the development of server load balancing solutions. ADCs allow you to perform not only the tasks of balancing user requests between servers, but also incorporate mechanisms that increase the performance, security and resiliency of applications, as well as ensure their scalability.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">And what other possibilities do application controllers have?</span>\r\nIn addition to the function of uniform distribution of user requests, application delivery controllers have many other interesting features. They can provide around-the-clock availability of services, improve web application performance up to five times, reduce risks when launching new services, protect confidential data, and publish internal applications to the outside with secure external access (a potential replacement for outgoing Microsoft TMG).\r\nOne of the most important functions of application delivery controllers, which distinguish them from simple load balancers, is the presence of a functional capable of processing information issued to the user based on certain rules.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What are the prerequisites for implementing application delivery controllers in a particular organization?</span>\r\nA number of factors can determine the criteria for deciding whether to implement application controllers in your organization. First, this is the poor performance of web services, which is a long download of content, frequent hangs and crashes. Secondly, such a prerequisite can be interruptions in the work of services and communication channels, expressed in failures in the transmitting and receiving equipment that ensures the operation of the data transmission network, as well as failures in the operation of servers.\r\nIn addition, it is worth thinking about implementing application delivery controllers if you use Microsoft TMG or Cisco ACE products, since they are no longer supported by the manufacturer. A prerequisite for the implementation of ADC may be the launch of new large web projects, since this process will inevitably entail the need to ensure the operability of this web project with the maintenance of high fault tolerance and performance.\r\nAlso, controllers are needed when you need to provide fault tolerance, continuous availability and high speed of applications that are consolidated in the data center. A similar situation arises when it is necessary to build a backup data center: here you also need to ensure fault tolerance between several data centers located in different cities.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What are the prospects for the introduction of application controllers in Russia and in the world?</span>\r\nGartner's research shows that there have recently been marked changes in the market for products that offer load balancing mechanisms. In this segment, user demand shifts from servers implementing a simple load balancing mechanism to devices offering richer functionality.\r\nGartner: “The era of load balancing has long gone, and companies need to focus on products that offer richer application delivery functionality.”\r\nIn Russia, due to the specifics of the internal IT market, application controllers are implemented mainly because of the presence of some specific functionality, and not because of the comprehensive solution for delivering applications in general, which this product offers. The main task for which application delivery controllers are now most often sold is the same load balancing function as before.","iconURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/icon_Application_Delivery_Controller_load_balancer_appliance.png"},{"id":34,"title":"ITSM - IT Service Management","alias":"itsm-it-service-management","description":"<span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">IT service management (ITSM)</span> is the process of designing, delivering, managing, and improving the IT services an organization provides to its end users. ITSM is focused on aligning IT processes and services with business objectives to help an organization grow.\r\nITSM positions IT services as the key means of delivering and obtaining value, where an internal or external IT service provider works with business customers, at the same time taking responsibility for the associated costs and risks. ITSM works across the whole lifecycle of a service, from the original strategy, through design, transition and into live operation.\r\nTo ensure sustainable quality of IT services, ITSM establishes a set of practices, or processes, constituting a service management system. There are industrial, national and international standards for IT service management solutions, setting up requirements and good practices for the management system. \r\nITSM system is based on a set of principles, such as focusing on value and continual improvement. It is not just a set of processes – it is a cultural mindset to ensure that the desired outcome for the business is achieved. \r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">ITIL (IT Infrastructure Library)</span> is a framework of best practices and recommendations for managing an organization's IT operations and services. IT service management processes, when built based on the ITIL framework, pave the way for better IT service operations management and improved business. To summarize, ITIL is a set of guidelines for effective IT service management best practices. ITIL has evolved beyond the delivery of services to providing end-to-end value delivery. The focus is now on the co-creation of value through service relationships. \r\n<p class=\"align-center\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">ITSM processes typically include five stages, all based on the ITIL framework:</span></p>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">ITSM strategy.</span> This stage forms the foundation or the framework of an organization's ITSM process building. It involves defining the services that the organization will offer, strategically planning processes, and recognizing and developing the required assets to keep processes moving. \r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Service design.</span> This stage's main aim is planning and designing the IT services the organization offers to meet business demands. It involves creating and designing new services as well as assessing current services and making relevant improvements.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Service transition.</span> Once the designs for IT services and their processes have been finalized, it's important to build them and test them out to ensure that processes flow. IT teams need to ensure that the designs don't disrupt services in any way, especially when existing IT service processes are upgraded or redesigned. This calls for change management, evaluation, and risk management. \r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Service operation. </span>This phase involves implementing the tried and tested new or modified designs in a live environment. While in this stage, the processes have already been tested and the issues fixed, but new processes are bound to have hiccups—especially when customers start using the services. \r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Continual service improvement (CSI).</span> Implementing IT processes successfully shouldn't be the final stage in any organization. There's always room for improvement and new development based on issues that pop up, customer needs and demands, and user feedback.\r\n\r\n","materialsDescription":"<h1 class=\"align-center\">Benefits of efficient ITSM processes</h1>\r\nIrrespective of the size of business, every organization is involved in IT service management in some way. ITSM ensures that incidents, service requests, problems, changes, and IT assets—in addition to other aspects of IT services—are managed in a streamlined way.\r\nIT teams in your organization can employ various workflows and best practices in ITSM, as outlined in ITIL. Effective IT service management can have positive effects on an IT organization's overall function.\r\nHere are the 10 key benefits of ITSM:\r\n<ul><li>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Lower costs for IT operations</li><li>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Higher returns on IT investments</li><li>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Minimal service outages</li><li>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Ability to establish well-defined, repeatable, and manageable IT processes</li><li>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Efficient analysis of IT problems to reduce repeat incidents</li><li>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Improved efficiency of IT help desk teams</li><li>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Well-defined roles and responsibilities</li><li>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Clear expectations on service levels and service availability</li><li>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Risk-free implementation of IT changes</li><li>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Better transparency into IT processes and services</li></ul>\r\n<h1 class=\"align-center\">How to choose an ITSM tool?</h1>\r\nWith a competent IT service management goal in mind, it's important to invest in a service desk solution that caters to your business needs. It goes without saying, with more than 150 service desk tools to choose from, selecting the right one is easier said than done. Here are a few things to keep in mind when choosing an ITSM products:\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Identify key processes and their dependencies. </span>Based on business goals, decide which key ITSM processes need to be implemented and chart out the integrations that need to be established to achieve those goals. \r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Consult with ITSM experts.</span> Participate in business expos, webinars, demos, etc., and educate yourself about the various options that are available in the market. Reports from expert analysts such as Gartner and Forrester are particularly useful as they include reviews of almost every solution, ranked based on multiple criteria.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Choose a deployment option.</span> Every business has a different IT infrastructure model. Selecting an on-premises or software as a service (SaaS IT service management) tool depends on whether your business prefers to host its applications and data on its own servers or use a public or private cloud.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Plan ahead for the future.</span> Although it's important to consider the &quot;needs&quot; primarily, you shouldn't rule out the secondary or luxury capabilities. If the ITSM tool doesn't have the potential to adapt to your needs as your organization grows, it can pull you back from progressing. Draw a clear picture of where your business is headed and choose an service ITSM that is flexible and technology-driven.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Don't stop with the capabilities of the ITSM tool.</span> It might be tempting to assess an ITSM tool based on its capabilities and features but it's important to evaluate the vendor of the tool. A good IT support team, and a vendor that is endorsed for their customer-vendor relationship can take your IT services far. Check Gartner's magic quadrant and other analyst reports, along with product and support reviews to ensure that the said tool provides good customer support.","iconURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/icon_ITSM.png"},{"id":42,"title":"UTM - Unified threat management","alias":"utm-unified-threat-management","description":"<span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">UTM (Unified Threat Management)</span> system is a type of network hardware appliance, virtual appliance or cloud service that protects businesses from security threats in a simplified way by combining and integrating multiple security services and features.\r\nUnified threat management <span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">devices&nbsp; </span>are often packaged as network security appliances that can help protect networks against combined security threats, including malware and attacks that simultaneously target separate parts of the network.\r\nUTM <span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">cloud services</span> and virtual network appliances are becoming increasingly popular for network security, especially for smaller and medium-sized businesses. They both do away with the need for on-premises network security appliances, yet still provide centralized control and ease of use for building network security defense in depth. While UTM systems and <span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">next-generation firewalls (NGFWs)</span> are sometimes comparable, unified threat management device includes added security features that NGFWs don't offer.\r\nOriginally developed to fill the network security gaps left by traditional firewalls, NGFWs usually include application intelligence and intrusion prevention systems, as well as denial-of-service protection. Unified threat management devices offer multiple layers of network security, including next-generation firewalls, intrusion detection/prevention systems, antivirus, virtual private networks (VPN), spam filtering and URL filtering for web content.\r\nUnified threat management appliance has gained traction in the industry due to the emergence of blended threats, which are combinations of different types of malware and attacks that target separate parts of the network simultaneously. By creating a single point of defense and providing a single console, unified security management make dealing with varied threats much easier.\r\nUnified threat management products provide increased protection and visibility, as well as control over network security, reducing complexity. Unified threat management system typically does this via inspection methods that address different types of threats. These methods include:\r\n<ul><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Flow-based inspection,</span> also known as stream-based inspection, samples data that enters a UTM device, and then uses pattern matching to determine whether there is malicious content in the data flow.</li><li> <span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Proxy-based inspection</span> acts as a proxy to reconstruct the content entering a UTM device, and then executes a full inspection of the content to search for potential security threats. If the content is clean, the device sends the content to the user. However, if a virus or other security threat is detected, the device removes the questionable content, and then sends the file or webpage to the user.</li></ul>\r\n\r\n","materialsDescription":"<h1 class=\"align-center\"> How UTM is deployed?</h1>\r\nBusinesses can implement UTM as a UTM appliance that connects to a company's network, as a software program running on an existing network server, or as a service that works in a cloud environment.\r\nUTMs are particularly useful in organizations that have many branches or retail outlets that have traditionally used dedicated WAN, but are increasingly using public internet connections to the headquarters/data center. Using a UTM in these cases gives the business more insight and better control over the security of those branch or retail outlets.\r\nBusinesses can choose from one or more methods to deploy UTM to the appropriate platforms, but they may also find it most suitable to select a combination of platforms. Some of the options include installing unified threat management software on the company's servers in a data center; using software-based UTM products on cloud-based servers; using traditional UTM hardware appliances that come with preintegrated hardware and software; or using virtual appliances, which are integrated software suites that can be deployed in virtual environments.\r\n<h1 class=\"align-center\">Benefits of Using a Unified Threat Management Solution</h1>\r\nUTM solutions offer unique benefits to small and medium businesses that are looking to enhance their security programs. Because the capabilities of multiple specialized programs are contained in a single appliance, UTM threat management reduces the complexity of a company’s security system. Similarly, having one program that controls security reduces the amount of training that employees receive when being hired or migrating to a new system and allows for easy management in the future. This can also save money in the long run as opposed to having to buy multiple devices.\r\nSome UTM solutions provide additional benefits for companies in strictly regulated industries. Appliances that use identity-based security to report on user activity while enabling policy creation based on user identity meet the requirements of regulatory compliance such as HIPPA, CIPA, and GLBA that require access controls and auditing that meet control data leakage.\r\nUTM solutions also help to protect networks against combined threats. These threats consist of different types of malware and attacks that target separate parts of the network simultaneously. When using separate appliances for each security wall, preventing these combined attacks can be difficult. This is because each security wall has to be managed individually in order to remain up-to-date with the changing security threats. Because it is a single point of defense, UTM’s make dealing with combined threats easier.\r\n\r\n","iconURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/icon_UTM.jpg"},{"id":542,"title":"UTM - Unified Threat Management Appliance","alias":"utm-unified-threat-management-appliance","description":"A unified threat management (UTM) system is a type of network hardware appliance that protects businesses from security threats in a simplified way by combining and integrating multiple security services and features.<br />UTM devices are often packaged as network security appliances that can help protect networks against combined security threats, including malware and attacks that simultaneously target separate parts of the network.\r\nWhile UTM systems and next-generation firewalls (NGFWs) are sometimes comparable, UTM devices include added security features that NGFWs don't offer.\r\nUTM systems provide increased protection and visibility, as well as control over network security, which reduces complexity. UTM systems typically do this via inspection methods that address different types of threats.\r\nThese methods include:\r\n<ul><li>Flow-based inspection, also known as stream-based inspection, samples data that enters a UTM device, and then uses pattern matching to determine whether there is malicious content in the data flow.</li><li>Proxy-based inspection acts as a proxy to reconstruct the content entering a UTM device, and then executes a full inspection of the content to search for potential security threats. If the content is clean, the device sends the content to the user. However, if a virus or other security threat is detected, the device removes the questionable content, and then sends the file or webpage to the user.</li></ul>\r\nUTM devices provide a single platform for multiple network security functions and offer the benefit of a single interface for those security functions, as well as a single point of interface to monitor or analyze security logs for those different functions.<br /><br />","materialsDescription":"<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">How do UTM Appliances block a computer virus — or many viruses?</span>\r\nUnified threat management appliances have gained traction in the industry due to the emergence of blended threats, which are combinations of different types of malware and attacks that target separate parts of the network simultaneously. Preventing these types of attacks can be difficult when using separate appliances and vendors for each specific security task, as each aspect has to be managed and updated individually in order to remain current in the face of the latest forms of malware and cybercrime. By creating a single point of defense and providing a single console, UTM solutions make dealing with varied threats much easier.\r\nWhile unified threat management solutions do solve some network security issues, they aren't without some drawbacks, with the biggest one being that the single point of defense that an UTM appliance provides also creates a single point of failure. Because of this, many organizations choose to supplement their UTM device with a second software-based perimeter to stop any malware that got through or around the UTM firewall.\r\nWhat kind of companies use a Unified Threat Management system?\r\nUTM was originally for small to medium office businesses to simplify their security systems. But due to its almost universal applicability, it has since become popular with all sectors and larger enterprises. Developments in the technology have allowed it to scale up, opening UTM up to more types of businesses that are looking for a comprehensive gateway security solution.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What security features does Unified Threat Management have?</span>\r\nAs previously mentioned, most UTM services include a firewall, antivirus and intrusion detection and prevention systems. But they also can include other services that provide additional security.\r\n<ul><li>Data loss prevention software to stop data from exfiltrating the business, which in turn prevents a data leak from occurring.</li><li>Security information and event management software for real-time monitoring of network health, which allows threats and points of weakness to be identified.</li><li>Bandwidth management to regulate and prioritize network traffic, ensuring everything is running smoothly without getting overwhelmed.</li><li>Email filtering to remove spam and dangerous emails before they reach the internal network, lowering the chance of a phishing or similar attack breaching your defenses.</li><li>Web filtering to prevent connections to dangerous or inappropriate sites from a machine on the network. This lowers the chance of infection through malvertising or malicious code on the page. It can also be used to increase productivity within a business, i.e. blocking or restricting social media, gaming sites, etc.</li><li>Application filtering to either a blacklist or whitelist which programs can run, preventing certain applications from communicating in and out of the network, i.e. Facebook messenger.</li></ul>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What are the benefits of Unified Threat Management?</span>\r\n<ul><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Simplifies the network</span></li></ul>\r\nBy consolidating multiple security appliances and services into one, you can easily reduce the amount of time spent on maintaining many separate systems that may have become disorganized. This can also improve the performance of the network as there is less bloat. A smaller system also requires less energy and space to run.\r\n<ul><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Provides greater security and visibility</span></li></ul>\r\nA UTM system can include reporting tools, application filtering and virtual private network (VPN) capabilities, all of which defend your network from more types of threats or improve the existing security. Additionally, monitoring and analysis tools can help locate points of weakness or identify ongoing attacks.\r\n<ul><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Can defend from more sophisticated attacks</span></li></ul>\r\nBecause UTM defends multiple parts of a network it means that an attack targeting multiple points simultaneously can be repelled more easily. With cyber-attacks getting more sophisticated, having defenses that can match them is of greater importance.\r\nHaving several ways of detecting a threat also means a UTM system is more accurate at identifying potential attacks and preventing them from causing damage.<br /><br />","iconURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/icon_UTM_Unified_Threat_Management_Appliance.png"}],"characteristics":[],"concurentProducts":[],"jobRoles":[],"organizationalFeatures":[],"complementaryCategories":[],"solutions":[],"materials":[],"useCases":[],"best_practices":[],"values":[],"implementations":[]},"fortigate":{"id":174,"logoURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/FortiGate.jpg","logo":true,"scheme":false,"title":"Fortinet FortiGate NGFW","vendorVerified":0,"rating":"2.00","implementationsCount":4,"suppliersCount":0,"supplierPartnersCount":21,"alias":"fortigate","companyTitle":"Fortinet","companyTypes":["vendor"],"companyId":690,"companyAlias":"fortinet","description":"FortiGate NGFWs are network firewalls powered by purpose-built security processing units (SPUs) including the latest NP7 (Network Processor 7). They enable security-driven networking, and are ideal network firewalls for hybrid and hyperscale data centers.\r\nFortinet NGFWs reduce cost and complexity by eliminating points products and consolidating industry-leading security capabilities such as secure sockets layer (SSL) inspection including the latest TLS1.3, web filtering, intrusion prevention system (IPS) to provide fully visibility and protect any edge. Fortinet NGFWs uniquely meet the performance needs of hyperscale and hybrid IT architectures, enabling organizations to deliver optimal user experience, and manage security risks for better business continuity.\r\nFortiGate next-generation firewalls inspect traffic at hyperscale as it enters and leaves the network. These inspections happen at unparalleled speed, scale, and performance to ensure that only legitimate traffic is allowed, all without degrading user experience or creating costly downtime.\r\nAs an integral part of the Fortinet Security Fabric, FortiGate NGFWs can communicate within the comprehensive Fortinet security portfolio as well as third-party security solutions in a multivendor environment. FortiGate NGFWs seamlessly integrate with artificial intelligence (AI)-driven FortiGuard and FortiSandbox services to protect against known and zero-day threats and improve operational efficiency through integration with Fabric Management Center.","shortDescription":"FortiGate is a Top-rated security—NSS Labs “Recommended”. Comprehensive security in one, simplified solution. Flexible deployment options fit your unique requirements","type":null,"isRoiCalculatorAvaliable":false,"isConfiguratorAvaliable":false,"bonus":100,"usingCount":12,"sellingCount":19,"discontinued":0,"rebateForPoc":0,"rebate":0,"seo":{"title":"Fortinet FortiGate NGFW","keywords":"security, network, your, FortiGate, deployments, small, platform, across","description":"FortiGate NGFWs are network firewalls powered by purpose-built security processing units (SPUs) including the latest NP7 (Network Processor 7). They enable security-driven networking, and are ideal network firewalls for hybrid and hyperscale data centers.\r\n","og:title":"Fortinet FortiGate NGFW","og:description":"FortiGate NGFWs are network firewalls powered by purpose-built security processing units (SPUs) including the latest NP7 (Network Processor 7). They enable security-driven networking, and are ideal network firewalls for hybrid and hyperscale data centers.\r\n","og:image":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/FortiGate.jpg"},"eventUrl":"","translationId":175,"dealDetails":null,"roi":null,"price":null,"bonusForReference":null,"templateData":[],"testingArea":"","categories":[{"id":536,"title":"WAN optimization - appliance","alias":"wan-optimization-appliance","description":" WAN optimization appliance is a collection of techniques for increasing data-transfer efficiencies across wide-area networks (WANs). In 2008, the WAN optimization market was estimated to be $1 billion and was to grow to $4.4 billion by 2014 according to Gartner, a technology research firm. In 2015 Gartner estimated the WAN optimization market to be a $1.1 billion market.\r\nThe most common measures of TCP data-transfer efficiencies (i.e., optimization) are throughput, bandwidth requirements, latency, protocol optimization, and congestion, as manifested in dropped packets. In addition, the WAN itself can be classified with regards to the distance between endpoints and the amounts of data transferred. Two common business WAN topologies are Branch to Headquarters and Data Center to Data Center (DC2DC). In general, &quot;Branch&quot; WAN links are closer, use less bandwidth, support more simultaneous connections, support smaller connections and more short-lived connections, and handle a greater variety of protocols. They are used for business applications such as email, content management systems, database application, and Web delivery. In comparison, &quot;DC2DC&quot; WAN links tend to require more bandwidth, are more distant and involve fewer connections, but those connections are bigger (100 Mbit/s to 1 Gbit/s flows) and of longer duration. Traffic on a &quot;DC2DC&quot; WAN may include replication, back up, data migration, virtualization, and other Business Continuity/Disaster Recovery (BC/DR) flow.\r\nWAN optimization has been the subject of extensive academic research almost since the advent of the WAN. In the early 2000s, research in both the private and public sectors turned to improve the end-to-end throughput of TCP, and the target of the first proprietary WAN optimization solutions was the Branch WAN. In recent years, however, the rapid growth of digital data, and the concomitant needs to store and protect it, has presented a need for DC2DC WAN optimization. For example, such optimizations can be performed to increase overall network capacity utilization, meet inter-datacenter transfer deadlines, or minimize average completion times of data transfers. As another example, private inter-datacenter WANs can benefit optimizations for fast and efficient geo-replication of data and content, such as newly computed machine learning models or multimedia content.\r\nComponent techniques of Branch WAN Optimization include deduplication, wide-area file services (WAFS), SMB proxy, HTTPS Proxy, media multicasting, web caching, and bandwidth management. Requirements for DC2DC WAN Optimization also center around deduplication and TCP acceleration, however, these must occur in the context of multi-gigabit data transfer rates. ","materialsDescription":" <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What techniques does WAN optimization have?</span>\r\n<ul><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Deduplication</span> – Eliminates the transfer of redundant data across the WAN by sending references instead of the actual data. By working at the byte level, benefits are achieved across IP applications.</li><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Compression</span> – Relies on data patterns that can be represented more efficiently. Essentially compression techniques similar to ZIP, RAR, ARJ, etc. are applied on-the-fly to data passing through hardware (or virtual machine) based WAN acceleration appliances.</li><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Latency optimization</span> – Can include TCP refinements such as window-size scaling, selective acknowledgments, Layer 3 congestion control algorithms, and even co-location strategies in which the application is placed in near proximity to the endpoint to reduce latency. In some implementations, the local WAN optimizer will answer the requests of the client locally instead of forwarding the request to the remote server in order to leverage write-behind and read-ahead mechanisms to reduce WAN latency.</li><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Caching/proxy</span> – Staging data in local caches; Relies on human behavior, accessing the same data over and over.</li><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Forward error correction</span> – Mitigates packet loss by adding another loss-recovery packet for every “N” packets that are sent, and this would reduce the need for retransmissions in error-prone and congested WAN links.</li><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Protocol spoofing</span> – Bundles multiple requests from chatty applications into one. May also include stream-lining protocols such as CIFS.</li><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Traffic shaping</span> – Controls data flow for specific applications. Giving flexibility to network operators/network admins to decide which applications take precedence over the WAN. A common use case of traffic shaping would be to prevent one protocol or application from hogging or flooding a link over other protocols deemed more important by the business/administrator. Some WAN acceleration devices are able to traffic shape with granularity far beyond traditional network devices. Such as shaping traffic on a per-user AND per application basis simultaneously.</li><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Equalizing</span> – Makes assumptions on what needs immediate priority based on data usage. Usage examples for equalizing may include wide open unregulated Internet connections and clogged VPN tunnels.</li><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Connection limits</span> – Prevents access gridlock in and to denial of service or to peer. Best suited for wide-open Internet access links, can also be used links.</li><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Simple rate limits</span> – Prevents one user from getting more than a fixed amount of data. Best suited as a stop-gap first effort for remediating a congested Internet connection or WAN link.</li></ul>","iconURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/icon_WAN_optimization_appliance.png"},{"id":49,"title":"VPN - Virtual Private Network","alias":"vpn-virtual-private-network","description":"A <span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">virtual private network (VPN)</span> extends a private network across a public network, and enables users to send and receive data across shared or public networks as if their computing devices were directly connected to the private network. Applications running on a computing device, e.g. a laptop, desktop, smartphone, across a VPN may therefore benefit from the functionality, security, and management of the private network. Encryption is a common though not an inherent part of a VPN connection.\r\nAt its most basic level, VPN tunneling creates a point-to-point connection that cannot be accessed by unauthorized users. To actually create the VPN tunnel, the endpoint device needs to be running a VPN client (software application) locally or in the cloud. The VPN client runs in the background and is not noticeable to the end user unless there are performance issues.\r\nThe performance of a VPN can be affected by a variety of factors, among them the speed of users' internet connections, the types of protocols an internet service provider may use and the type of encryption the VPN uses. In the enterprise, performance can also be affected by poor quality of service (QoS) outside the control of an organization's information technology (IT) department.\r\nConsumers use a virtual private network software to protect their online activity and identity. By using an anonymous VPN service, a user's Internet traffic and data remain encrypted, which prevents eavesdroppers from sniffing Internet activity. Personal VPN services are especially useful when accessing public Wi-Fi hotspots because the public wireless services might not be secure. In addition to public Wi-Fi security, it also provides consumers with uncensored Internet access and can help prevent data theft and unblock websites.\r\nCompanies and organizations will typically use a VPN&nbsp; security to communicate confidentially over a public network and to send voice, video or data. It is also an excellent option for remote workers and organizations with global offices and partners to share data in a private manner.\r\n<p class=\"align-center\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Types of VPNs</span></p>\r\n<ul><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Remote access VPN</span>. Remote access VPN clients connect to a VPN gateway server on the organization's network. The gateway requires the device to authenticate its identity before granting access to internal network resources such as file servers, printers and intranets. This type of VPN usually relies on either IP Security (IPsec) or Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) to secure the connection.</li></ul>\r\n\r\n<ul><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Site-to-site VPN.</span> In contrast, a site-to-site VPN uses a gateway device to connect an entire network in one location to a network in another location. End-node devices in the remote location do not need VPN clients because the gateway handles the connection. Most site-to-site VPNs connecting over the internet use IPsec. It is also common for them to use carrier MPLS clouds rather than the public internet as the transport for site-to-site VPNs. </li></ul>\r\n\r\n<ul><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Mobile VPN.</span> In a mobile VPN, a VPN server still sits at the edge of the company network, enabling secure tunneled access by authenticated, authorized VPN clients. Mobile VPN tunnels are not tied to physical IP addresses, however. Instead, each tunnel is bound to a logical IP address. That logical IP address sticks to the mobile device no matter where it may roam.</li></ul>\r\n\r\n<ul><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">VPN Hardware</span>. It offer a number of advantages over the software-based VPN. In addition to enhanced security, hardware VPNs can provide load balancing to handle large client loads. Administration is managed through a Web browser interface. A hardware VPN is more expensive than a software VPN. Because of the cost, hardware VPNs are a more realistic option for large businesses than for small businesses or branch offices. </li></ul>\r\n\r\n<ul><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">VPN appliance.</span> A VPN appliance, also known as a VPN gateway appliance, is a network device equipped with enhanced security features. Also known as an SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) VPN appliance, it is in effect a router that provides protection, authorization, authentication and encryption for VPNs.</li></ul>\r\n\r\n<ul><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Dynamic multipoint virtual private network (DMVPN</span>). A dynamic multipoint virtual private network (DMVPN) is a secure network that exchanges data between sites without needing to pass traffic through an organization's headquarter virtual private network (VPN) server or router. </li></ul>\r\n\r\n<ul><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">VPN Reconnect.</span> VPN Reconnect is a feature of Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008 R2 that allows a virtual private network&nbsp; connection to remain open during a brief interruption of Internet service. Usually, when a computing device using a VPN connection drops its Internet connection, the end user has to manually reconnect to the VPN. VPN Reconnect keeps the VPN tunnel open for a configurable amount of time so when Internet service is restored, the VPN connection is automatically restored as well. </li></ul>\r\n<p class=\"align-left\">&nbsp;</p>","materialsDescription":"<h1 class=\"align-center\"><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">What is VPN software?</span></h1>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: normal;\"></span>VPN software is a tool that allows users to create a secure, encrypted connection over a computer network such as the Internet. The platform was developed to allow for secure access to business applications and other resources.\r\n<header><h1 class=\"align-center\"><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">How does VPN software work?</span></h1></header>\r\n<p class=\"align-left\">So what does VPN do? Basically, a VPN is a group of computers or networks, which are connected over the Internet. For businesses, VPN services serve as avenues for getting access to networks when they are not physically on the same network. Such a service can also be used to encrypt communications over public networks.</p>\r\n<p class=\"align-left\">VPNs are usually deployed through local installation or by logging on to a service’s website. To give you an idea as to how VPN works, the software allows your computer to basically exchange keys with a remote server, through which all data traffic is encrypted and kept secure, safe from prying eyes. It lets you browse the Internet without the worry of being tracked, monitored and identified without permission. A VPN also helps in accessing blocked sites and in circumventing censorship.</p>\r\n<h1 class=\"align-center\"><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">What are the features of VPN software?</span></h1>\r\n<p class=\"align-left\">There are a variety of ways by which you can determine what VPN suits you. Here are some features of software VPN solutions and buying factors that you should consider:<br /><br /></p>\r\n<ul><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Privacy</span>: You should know what kind of privacy you really need. Is it for surfing, downloading or simply accessing blocked sites? Best of VPN programs offer one or more of these capabilities.</li><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Software/features</span>: Platforms should not be limited to ease of use, they should include features such as kill switches and DNS leak prevention tools which provide a further layer of protection.</li><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Security</span>: One should consider the level of security that a service offers. This can prevent hackers and agencies from accessing your data.</li><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Cross-platform support</span>: A VPN solution should be able to run on any device. To do this, setup guides for different platforms should be provided by the vendor.</li><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">The number of servers/countries</span>: For these services, the more servers VPN there are, the better the service. This allows users to connect from virtually all over the world. It will also enable them to change their locations at will.</li><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Speed</span>: It’s common knowledge that using VPN comes with reduction in Internet speed. This is due to the fact that signals need to travel long distances and the demands of the encryption and decryption processes. Choose a service that has minimal impact on Internet speed.</li><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Simultaneous connections</span>: Many services allow users to use only one device at a time. However, many VPN service providers allow customers to connect multiple devices all at the same time.</li></ul>\r\n<p class=\"align-left\">&nbsp;</p>","iconURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/VPN_-_Virtual_Private_Network.png"},{"id":784,"title":"NGFW - next-generation firewall - Appliance","alias":"ngfw-next-generation-firewall-appliance","description":" A next-generation firewall (NGFW) is a part of the third generation of firewall technology, combining a traditional firewall with other network device filtering functionalities, such as an application firewall using in-line deep packet inspection (DPI), an intrusion prevention system (IPS). Other techniques might also be employed, such as TLS/SSL encrypted traffic inspection, website filtering, QoS/bandwidth management, antivirus inspection and third-party identity management integration (i.e. LDAP, RADIUS, Active Directory).\r\nNGFWs include the typical functions of traditional firewalls such as packet filtering, network- and port-address translation (NAT), stateful inspection, and virtual private network (VPN) support. The goal of next-generation firewalls is to include more layers of the OSI model, improving filtering of network traffic that is dependent on the packet contents.\r\nNGFWs perform deeper inspection compared to stateful inspection performed by the first- and second-generation firewalls. NGFWs use a more thorough inspection style, checking packet payloads and matching signatures for harmful activities such as exploitable attacks and malware.\r\nImproved detection of encrypted applications and intrusion prevention service. Modern threats like web-based malware attacks, targeted attacks, application-layer attacks, and more have had a significantly negative effect on the threat landscape. In fact, more than 80% of all new malware and intrusion attempts are exploiting weaknesses in applications, as opposed to weaknesses in networking components and services.\r\nStateful firewalls with simple packet filtering capabilities were efficient blocking unwanted applications as most applications met the port-protocol expectations. Administrators could promptly prevent an unsafe application from being accessed by users by blocking the associated ports and protocols. But today, blocking a web application like Farmville that uses port 80 by closing the port would also mean complications with the entire HTTP protocol.\r\nProtection based on ports, protocols, IP addresses is no more reliable and viable. This has led to the development of identity-based security approach, which takes organizations a step ahead of conventional security appliances which bind security to IP-addresses.\r\nNGFWs offer administrators a deeper awareness of and control over individual applications, along with deeper inspection capabilities by the firewall. Administrators can create very granular &quot;allow/deny&quot; rules for controlling use of websites and applications in the network. ","materialsDescription":"<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\"> What is a next-generation firewall (NGFW)?</span>\r\nAn NGFW contains all the normal defences that a traditional firewall has as well as a type of intrusion prevention software and application control, alongside other bonus security features. NGFWs are also capable of deep packet inspection which enables more robust filters.\r\nIntrusion prevention software monitors network activity to detect and stop vulnerability exploits from occurring. This is usually done by monitoring for breaches against the network policies in place as a breach is usually indicative of malicious activity.\r\nApplication control software simply sets up a hard filter for programs that are trying to send or receive data over the Internet. This can either be done by blacklist (programs in the filter are blocked) or by whitelist (programs not in the filter are blocked).","iconURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/icon_NGFW.png"},{"id":782,"title":"NGFW - next-generation firewall","alias":"ngfw-next-generation-firewall","description":"A next-generation firewall (NGFW) is a part of the third generation of firewall technology that is implemented in either hardware or software and is capable of detecting and blocking sophisticated attacks by enforcing security policies at the application, port and protocol levels.\r\nNGFWs typically feature advanced functions including:\r\n<ul><li>application awareness;</li><li>integrated intrusion prevention systems (IPS);</li><li>identity awareness -- user and group control;</li><li>bridged and routed modes;</li><li> the ability to use external intelligence sources.</li></ul>\r\nOf these offerings, most next-generation firewalls integrate at least three basic functions: enterprise firewall capabilities, an intrusion prevention system (IPS) and application control.\r\nLike the introduction of stateful inspection in traditional firewalls, NGFWs bring additional context to the firewall's decision-making process by providing it with the ability to understand the details of the web application traffic passing through it and to take action to block traffic that might exploit vulnerabilities.\r\nThe different features of next-generation firewalls combine to create unique benefits for users. NGFWs are often able to block malware before it enters a network, something that wasn't previously possible.\r\nNGFWs are also better equipped to address advanced persistent threats (APTs) because they can be integrated with threat intelligence services. NGFWs can also offer a low-cost option for companies trying to improve basic device security through the use of application awareness, inspection services, protection systems and awareness tools.<br /><br />","materialsDescription":"<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What is a next-generation firewall (NGFW)?</span>\r\nA NGFW contains all the normal defenses that a traditional firewall has as well as a type of intrusion prevention software and application control, alongside other additional security features. NGFWs are also capable of deep packet inspection, which enables more robust filters.\r\nIntrusion prevention software monitors network activity to detect and stop vulnerability exploits from occurring. This is usually done by monitoring for breaches against the network policies in place as a breach is usually indicative of malicious activity.\r\nApplication control software simply sets up a hard filter for programs that are trying to send or receive data over the Internet. This can either be done by a blacklist (programs in the filter are blocked) or by a whitelist (programs not in the filter are blocked).","iconURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/icon_NGFW.png"}],"characteristics":[],"concurentProducts":[],"jobRoles":[],"organizationalFeatures":[],"complementaryCategories":[],"solutions":[],"materials":[],"useCases":[],"best_practices":[],"values":[],"implementations":[]},"hpe-marshrutizatory-serii-hpe-flexnetwork-msr3000":{"id":3196,"logoURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/FlexNetwork_MSR3000_Router_Series.png","logo":true,"scheme":false,"title":"HPE FlexNetwork MSR3000 Router Series","vendorVerified":0,"rating":"2.00","implementationsCount":0,"suppliersCount":0,"supplierPartnersCount":452,"alias":"hpe-marshrutizatory-serii-hpe-flexnetwork-msr3000","companyTitle":"Hewlett Packard Enterprise","companyTypes":["supplier","vendor"],"companyId":172,"companyAlias":"hewlett-packard-enterprise","description":"<p>The HPE MSR3000 Router Series delivers high-performance medium to large branch routing up to 5 Mpps in a cost-optimized form factor. Featuring integrated routing, switching, security, and SIP with no additional licensing, you can boost your service delivery while simplifying management of your corporate WAN.</p>\r\n<p>With the Open Application Platform module, the MSR3000 Router Series offers a wide range of virtualized applications. Its distributed architecture and high reliability also strengthen the resiliency of medium to large branches.</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What's new:</span></p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Enhances security with built-in IPS and stateful firewall, with optional HPE IPS filter subscription.</li>\r\n<li>WAN survivability with 4G LTE SIC modules, and flexible power options.</li>\r\n<li>New Serial, GbE and Gig-T SIC modules increase configuration flexibility.</li>\r\n<li>High-density voice modules and channelized POS access to cover.</li>\r\n<li>Additional features such as ADVPN and hierarchical QoS.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Features:</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Reduces Complexity and Simplifies Your Network</span></p>\r\n<p>The HPE MSR3000 Router Series simplifies your network through integrated routing, switching, security, and voice, and combines the flexibility of modular upgrades to deliver high-performance medium-to-large branch routing.</p>\r\n<p>Makes administration easier with HPE Intelligent Management Center (IMC) Software.</p>\r\n<p>Reduces management complexity with zero-touch deployment (ZTP) and Dynamic VPN.</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Enhances Time to Service and Branch Performance</span></p>\r\n<p>The HPE MSR3000 Router Series offers high performance routing with up to 5 Mpps forwarding and 3.3 Gbps of IPSec encryption throughput to meet bandwidth requirements of branch traffic.</p>\r\n<p>Supports branch services with a comprehensive feature set and eases the cloud transition with integrated security.</p>\r\n<p>Satisfies medium to large branches with advanced hardware architecture and high port density.</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Increase Your Return on Investment</span></p>\r\n<p>The HPE MSR3000 Router Series is a modular platform with a wide range of connectivity options that enables the right design for your needs.</p>\r\n<p>Reduces your TCO through open standards, power and space savings, and energy-efficient hardware.</p>\r\n<p>Deploy advanced features with no additional licensing.</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Boosts Agility and Resiliency</span></p>\r\n<p>The HPE MSR3000 Router Series provides branch service and business continuity with 4G/LTE and 3G WAN.</p>\r\n<p>With the Open Application Platform module, support HPE AllianceOne applications such as WAN acceleration and Microsoft Skype for Business (Lync).</p>\r\n<p>Delivers an open standards approach to your network infrastructure.</p>\r\n<p>With advanced hardware architecture and FPBA modules, you get reliable, high-performance functionality with multi-core processors.</p>","shortDescription":"The HPE MSR3000 Router Series delivers high-performance medium to large branch routing up to 5 Mpps in a cost-optimized form factor.","type":null,"isRoiCalculatorAvaliable":false,"isConfiguratorAvaliable":false,"bonus":100,"usingCount":9,"sellingCount":18,"discontinued":0,"rebateForPoc":0,"rebate":0,"seo":{"title":"HPE FlexNetwork MSR3000 Router Series","keywords":"","description":"<p>The HPE MSR3000 Router Series delivers high-performance medium to large branch routing up to 5 Mpps in a cost-optimized form factor. Featuring integrated routing, switching, security, and SIP with no additional licensing, you can boost your service delivery","og:title":"HPE FlexNetwork MSR3000 Router Series","og:description":"<p>The HPE MSR3000 Router Series delivers high-performance medium to large branch routing up to 5 Mpps in a cost-optimized form factor. Featuring integrated routing, switching, security, and SIP with no additional licensing, you can boost your service delivery","og:image":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/FlexNetwork_MSR3000_Router_Series.png"},"eventUrl":"","translationId":3197,"dealDetails":null,"roi":null,"price":null,"bonusForReference":null,"templateData":[{"id":87,"title":"Enterprise routers"}],"testingArea":"","categories":[{"id":56,"title":"Router","alias":"router","description":"A router is a networking device that forwards data packets between computer networks. Routers perform the traffic directing functions on the Internet. Data sent through the internet, such as a web page or email, is in the form of data packets. A packet is typically forwarded from one router to another router through the networks that constitute an internetwork (e.g. the Internet) until it reaches its destination node.\r\nA router is connected to two or more data lines from different IP networks. When a data packet comes in on one of the lines, the router reads the network address information in the packet header to determine the ultimate destination. Then, using information in its routing table or routing policy, it directs the packet to the next network on its journey.\r\nThe most familiar type of IP routers are home and small office routers that simply forward IP packets between the home computers and the Internet. An example of a router would be the owner's cable or DSL router, which connects to the Internet through an Internet service provider (ISP). More sophisticated routers, such as enterprise routers, connect large business or ISP networks up to the powerful core routers that forward data at high speed along the optical fiber lines of the Internet backbone.\r\nThe main purpose of a router is to connect multiple networks and forward packets destined either for its own networks or other networks. A router is considered a layer-3 device because its primary forwarding decision is based on the information in the layer-3 IP packet, specifically the destination IP address. When a router receives a packet, it searches its routing table to find the best match between the destination IP address of the packet and one of the addresses in the routing table. Once a match is found, the packet is encapsulated in the layer-2 data link frame for the outgoing interface indicated in the table entry. A router typically does not look into the packet payload,[citation needed] but only at the layer-3 addresses to make a forwarding decision, plus optionally other information in the header for hints on, for example, quality of service (QoS). For pure IP forwarding, a router is designed to minimize the state information associated with individual packets. Once a packet is forwarded, the router does not retain any historical information about the packet.\r\nThe routing table itself can contain information derived from a variety of sources, such as a default or static routes that are configured manually, or dynamic routing protocols where the router learns routes from other routers. A default route is one that is used to route all traffic whose destination does not otherwise appear in the routing table; this is common – even necessary – in small networks, such as a home or small business where the default route simply sends all non-local traffic to the Internet service provider. The default route can be manually configured (as a static route), or learned by dynamic routing protocols, or be obtained by DHCP.\r\nA router can run more than one routing protocol at a time, particularly if it serves as an autonomous system border router between parts of a network that run different routing protocols; if it does so, then redistribution may be used (usually selectively) to share information between the different protocols running on the same router.\r\nBesides making a decision as to which interface a packet is forwarded to, which is handled primarily via the routing table, a router also has to manage congestion when packets arrive at a rate higher than the router can process. Three policies commonly used in the Internet are tail drop, random early detection (RED), and weighted random early detection (WRED). Tail drop is the simplest and most easily implemented; the router simply drops new incoming packets once the length of the queue exceeds the size of the buffers in the router. RED probabilistically drops datagrams early when the queue exceeds a pre-configured portion of the buffer, until a pre-determined max, when it becomes tail drop. WRED requires a weight on the average queue size to act upon when the traffic is about to exceed the pre-configured size, so that short bursts will not trigger random drops.\r\nAnother function a router performs is to decide which packet should be processed first when multiple queues exist. This is managed through QoS, which is critical when Voice over IP is deployed, so as not to introduce excessive latency.\r\nYet another function a router performs is called policy-based routing where special rules are constructed to override the rules derived from the routing table when a packet forwarding decision is made.\r\nRouter functions may be performed through the same internal paths that the packets travel inside the router. Some of the functions may be performed through an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) to avoid overhead of scheduling CPU time to process the packets. Others may have to be performed through the CPU as these packets need special attention that cannot be handled by an ASIC.","materialsDescription":" <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What Is a Router?</span>\r\nRouters are the nodes that make up a computer network like the internet. The router you use at home is the central node of your home network.\r\nIt functions as an information manager between the internet and all devices that go online (i.e. all devices connected to the router). Generally speaking, routers direct incoming traffic to its destination.\r\nThis also makes your router the first line of security in protecting your home network from malicious online attacks.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What Does a Router Do?</span>\r\nYour router handles network traffic. For example, to view this article, data packages coding for this website have to transit from our server, through various nodes on the internet, and finally through your router to arrive on your phone or computer. On your device, your browser decodes those data packages to display the article you’re currently reading.\r\nSince a typical household has more than one device that connects to the internet, you need a router to manage the incoming network signals. In other words, your router makes sure that the data packages coding for a website you want to view on your computer aren’t sent to your phone. It does that by using your device’s MAC address.\r\nWhile your router has a unique (external) IP address to receive data packages from servers worldwide, every device on your home network also carries a unique MAC address. Simply put, when you try to access information online, your router maintains a table to keep track of which device requested information from where. Based on this table, your router distributes incoming data packages to the correct recipient.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What Is the Difference Between Modems and Routers?</span>\r\nA modem turns the proprietary network signal of your ISP (internet service provider) into a standard network signal. In theory, you can choose between multiple ISPs and some of them may use the same delivery route. Your modem knows which signals to read and translate.\r\nThe kind of modem your ISP will provide you with depends on how you’re connecting to the internet. For example, a DSL modem requires a different technology than a cable or fiber optic broadband modem. That’s because one uses the copper wiring of your telephone line, while the others use a coaxial or a fiber optic cable, respectively.\r\nThe DSL modem has to filter and read both the low frequencies that phone and voice data produce, as well as the high frequencies of internet data. Cable modems, on the other hand, have to differentiate between television and internet signals, which are transmitted on different channels, rather than different frequencies. Finally, fiber optic uses pulses of light to transmit information. The modem has to decode these signals into standard data packages.\r\nOnce the modem has turned the ISP’s network signal into data packages, the router can distribute them to the target device.","iconURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/Router1.png"}],"characteristics":[],"concurentProducts":[],"jobRoles":[],"organizationalFeatures":[],"complementaryCategories":[],"solutions":[],"materials":[],"useCases":[],"best_practices":[],"values":[],"implementations":[]},"huawei-ar2200-series-enterprise-routers":{"id":3193,"logoURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/Huawei_AR2200_Series_Enterprise_Routers.jpg","logo":true,"scheme":false,"title":"Huawei AR2200 Series Enterprise Routers","vendorVerified":0,"rating":"2.00","implementationsCount":0,"suppliersCount":0,"supplierPartnersCount":4,"alias":"huawei-ar2200-series-enterprise-routers","companyTitle":"Huawei","companyTypes":["vendor"],"companyId":2743,"companyAlias":"huawei","description":"<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Features and benefits</span></span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Applications in one box, Reduce TCO</span></p>\r\n<p>The AR2200 routers reduce equipment and deployment costs due to the integrated routing, switching, 3G, voice, and security functions into a single device. At the same time, The AR2200 realizes enterprises flexible access with rich interfaces adapting to a variety of terminals.</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Industry-Leading Voice Quality and User Experience</span></p>\r\n<p>Enterprise-class voice communication is flexible and efficient, as the AR2200 voice features integrate with data networks.</p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Basic voice functions are provided by the built-in PBX, SIP server, and SIP access gateway</li>\r\n<li>Value-added voice services include multi-party communication, IVR automatic connection, ring-back-tone, parallel ringing, sequential ringing, one number link you (ONLY), bill management, and subscriber management.</li>\r\n<li>Intelligent call routing enables exceptional voice service reliability.</li>\r\n<li>The AR2200 routers can be connected with the NGN/IMS/PBX/terminal of major vendors.</li>\r\n<li>The Quality of Experience (QoE) feature monitors voice service quality in real time.</li>\r\n<li>Jitter buffer, echo cancellation, and packet loss compensation combine to deliver a superior user experience.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Secure Service Access Protects Networks and Users</span></p>\r\n<p>While delivering enterprise-class network services, the AR3260 router provides robust network security. Comprehensive security solutions include user access control, packet detection, and active attack defense.</p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Features a built-in firewall and IPS, which acts as the first line of defense.</li>\r\n<li>Port authentication technologies include 802.1x authentication, MAC address authentication, and portal authentication.</li>\r\n<li>User and device authentication methods include RADIUS and HWTACACS.</li>\r\n<li>VPN technologies include IPSec VPN, GRE VPN, DSVPN, L2TP VPN.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Better Experience, Business Continuity</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Multi-cores architecture, Industry-Leading performance</span></p>\r\n<p>The AR2200 routers use a multi-core CPU and non-blocking switching structure to provide industry-leading system performance.</p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>The multi-core CPU speeds up concurrent data and voice service processing, supporting a large number of services.</li>\r\n<li>Achieves maximum traffic throughput with non-blocking switching.&bull;&nbsp; The bus channel bandwidth of a single slot is up to 10 Gbps.</li>\r\n<li>Delivers high performance and service reliability through independent protocol management, service processing, and data switching.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<p>To meet enterprise requirements for network expansion and rapid service deployment, the AR2200 routers:</p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Integrates routing and switching functions to simplify device configuration and maintenance by improving data switching efficiency between interface cards.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Low cost, High reliability</span></p>\r\n<p>To guarantee the reliability of the equipment layer and network layer, the AR2200 series support hot-swaps technology and redundant components design, a series of fault detection and judgment mechanisms, which can shorten the service interruption time.</p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Assures service reliability and network stability with hot-swappable interface cards and redundant components, including fan modules.</li>\r\n<li>Link backup for enterprise services improves reliability.</li>\r\n<li>MS level Fault detection mechanisms, shorten the service interruption time.</li>\r\n<li>Local survival, improve the voice reliability of branch network.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Intelligent Service Deployment</span></p>\r\n<p>As the enterprise grows, requirements for service deployment increase. To meet these growing demands, the AR2200 routers provide convenient configuration options:</p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Mini-USB port to configure the devices using a GUI.</li>\r\n<li>USB drive to configure devices for plug-and-play.</li>\r\n<li>Auto-config feature to automatically distribute configurations to devices.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Cooperation platform, On Demand applications</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Open Service Platform, Enterprise-level APP</span></p>\r\n<p>The AR2200 routers provide a unified communication solution for enterprise customers. It uses the Open Service Platform (OSP) to interconnect with third-party IT systems. Customers, agents, third-party vendors, and manufacturers can develop unified communication systems by using the AR2200 routers.</p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Integrate and customize services quickly.</li>\r\n<li>Save money and simplify management, as service integration does not require dedicated servers.</li>\r\n<li>Services synchronized with cloud-side services and local services are processed locally, which improves service quality and efficiency.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Standard MIB provided by VRP, Simplified Network and Device Management</span></p>\r\n<p>The AR2200 routers make network and device management simple:</p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Manage devices easily with the eSight network management system.</li>\r\n<li>Monitor links in real time using the NQA feature.</li>\r\n<li>Maintain peak network performance by using the NetStream feature to view traffic characteristics and statistics, as well as optimization according to usage.</li>\r\n</ul>","shortDescription":"The AR2200 routers are next-generation enterprise-class routers based on the Huawei proprietary Versatile Routing Platform (VRP).","type":null,"isRoiCalculatorAvaliable":false,"isConfiguratorAvaliable":false,"bonus":100,"usingCount":6,"sellingCount":8,"discontinued":0,"rebateForPoc":0,"rebate":0,"seo":{"title":"Huawei AR2200 Series Enterprise Routers","keywords":"","description":"<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Features and benefits</span></span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Applications in one box, Reduce TCO</span></p>\r\n<p>The AR2200 routers reduce equipment and deployment cos","og:title":"Huawei AR2200 Series Enterprise Routers","og:description":"<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Features and benefits</span></span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Applications in one box, Reduce TCO</span></p>\r\n<p>The AR2200 routers reduce equipment and deployment cos","og:image":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/Huawei_AR2200_Series_Enterprise_Routers.jpg"},"eventUrl":"","translationId":3194,"dealDetails":null,"roi":null,"price":null,"bonusForReference":null,"templateData":[{"id":87,"title":"Enterprise routers"}],"testingArea":"","categories":[{"id":56,"title":"Router","alias":"router","description":"A router is a networking device that forwards data packets between computer networks. Routers perform the traffic directing functions on the Internet. Data sent through the internet, such as a web page or email, is in the form of data packets. A packet is typically forwarded from one router to another router through the networks that constitute an internetwork (e.g. the Internet) until it reaches its destination node.\r\nA router is connected to two or more data lines from different IP networks. When a data packet comes in on one of the lines, the router reads the network address information in the packet header to determine the ultimate destination. Then, using information in its routing table or routing policy, it directs the packet to the next network on its journey.\r\nThe most familiar type of IP routers are home and small office routers that simply forward IP packets between the home computers and the Internet. An example of a router would be the owner's cable or DSL router, which connects to the Internet through an Internet service provider (ISP). More sophisticated routers, such as enterprise routers, connect large business or ISP networks up to the powerful core routers that forward data at high speed along the optical fiber lines of the Internet backbone.\r\nThe main purpose of a router is to connect multiple networks and forward packets destined either for its own networks or other networks. A router is considered a layer-3 device because its primary forwarding decision is based on the information in the layer-3 IP packet, specifically the destination IP address. When a router receives a packet, it searches its routing table to find the best match between the destination IP address of the packet and one of the addresses in the routing table. Once a match is found, the packet is encapsulated in the layer-2 data link frame for the outgoing interface indicated in the table entry. A router typically does not look into the packet payload,[citation needed] but only at the layer-3 addresses to make a forwarding decision, plus optionally other information in the header for hints on, for example, quality of service (QoS). For pure IP forwarding, a router is designed to minimize the state information associated with individual packets. Once a packet is forwarded, the router does not retain any historical information about the packet.\r\nThe routing table itself can contain information derived from a variety of sources, such as a default or static routes that are configured manually, or dynamic routing protocols where the router learns routes from other routers. A default route is one that is used to route all traffic whose destination does not otherwise appear in the routing table; this is common – even necessary – in small networks, such as a home or small business where the default route simply sends all non-local traffic to the Internet service provider. The default route can be manually configured (as a static route), or learned by dynamic routing protocols, or be obtained by DHCP.\r\nA router can run more than one routing protocol at a time, particularly if it serves as an autonomous system border router between parts of a network that run different routing protocols; if it does so, then redistribution may be used (usually selectively) to share information between the different protocols running on the same router.\r\nBesides making a decision as to which interface a packet is forwarded to, which is handled primarily via the routing table, a router also has to manage congestion when packets arrive at a rate higher than the router can process. Three policies commonly used in the Internet are tail drop, random early detection (RED), and weighted random early detection (WRED). Tail drop is the simplest and most easily implemented; the router simply drops new incoming packets once the length of the queue exceeds the size of the buffers in the router. RED probabilistically drops datagrams early when the queue exceeds a pre-configured portion of the buffer, until a pre-determined max, when it becomes tail drop. WRED requires a weight on the average queue size to act upon when the traffic is about to exceed the pre-configured size, so that short bursts will not trigger random drops.\r\nAnother function a router performs is to decide which packet should be processed first when multiple queues exist. This is managed through QoS, which is critical when Voice over IP is deployed, so as not to introduce excessive latency.\r\nYet another function a router performs is called policy-based routing where special rules are constructed to override the rules derived from the routing table when a packet forwarding decision is made.\r\nRouter functions may be performed through the same internal paths that the packets travel inside the router. Some of the functions may be performed through an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) to avoid overhead of scheduling CPU time to process the packets. Others may have to be performed through the CPU as these packets need special attention that cannot be handled by an ASIC.","materialsDescription":" <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What Is a Router?</span>\r\nRouters are the nodes that make up a computer network like the internet. The router you use at home is the central node of your home network.\r\nIt functions as an information manager between the internet and all devices that go online (i.e. all devices connected to the router). Generally speaking, routers direct incoming traffic to its destination.\r\nThis also makes your router the first line of security in protecting your home network from malicious online attacks.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What Does a Router Do?</span>\r\nYour router handles network traffic. For example, to view this article, data packages coding for this website have to transit from our server, through various nodes on the internet, and finally through your router to arrive on your phone or computer. On your device, your browser decodes those data packages to display the article you’re currently reading.\r\nSince a typical household has more than one device that connects to the internet, you need a router to manage the incoming network signals. In other words, your router makes sure that the data packages coding for a website you want to view on your computer aren’t sent to your phone. It does that by using your device’s MAC address.\r\nWhile your router has a unique (external) IP address to receive data packages from servers worldwide, every device on your home network also carries a unique MAC address. Simply put, when you try to access information online, your router maintains a table to keep track of which device requested information from where. Based on this table, your router distributes incoming data packages to the correct recipient.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What Is the Difference Between Modems and Routers?</span>\r\nA modem turns the proprietary network signal of your ISP (internet service provider) into a standard network signal. In theory, you can choose between multiple ISPs and some of them may use the same delivery route. Your modem knows which signals to read and translate.\r\nThe kind of modem your ISP will provide you with depends on how you’re connecting to the internet. For example, a DSL modem requires a different technology than a cable or fiber optic broadband modem. That’s because one uses the copper wiring of your telephone line, while the others use a coaxial or a fiber optic cable, respectively.\r\nThe DSL modem has to filter and read both the low frequencies that phone and voice data produce, as well as the high frequencies of internet data. Cable modems, on the other hand, have to differentiate between television and internet signals, which are transmitted on different channels, rather than different frequencies. Finally, fiber optic uses pulses of light to transmit information. The modem has to decode these signals into standard data packages.\r\nOnce the modem has turned the ISP’s network signal into data packages, the router can distribute them to the target device.","iconURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/Router1.png"}],"characteristics":[],"concurentProducts":[],"jobRoles":[],"organizationalFeatures":[],"complementaryCategories":[],"solutions":[],"materials":[],"useCases":[],"best_practices":[],"values":[],"implementations":[]},"juniper-mx-series-5g-universal-routing-platform":{"id":3191,"logoURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/MX_Series_5G_Universal_Routing_Platform.png","logo":true,"scheme":false,"title":"Juniper MX Series 5G Universal Routing Platform","vendorVerified":0,"rating":"1.40","implementationsCount":0,"suppliersCount":0,"supplierPartnersCount":2,"alias":"juniper-mx-series-5g-universal-routing-platform","companyTitle":"Juniper Networks","companyTypes":["supplier","vendor"],"companyId":2784,"companyAlias":"juniper-networks","description":"<p>Virtualized, full-featured, carrier-grade router is ideal for NFV environments, rapid service introduction, and cost-effective service scale-out.</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">virtual MX (vMX)</span></p>\r\n<p>Виртуализированный полнофункциональный маршрутизатор операторского уровня идеально подходит для сред NFV, быстрого внедрения услуг и экономически эффективного масштабирования услуг.</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">MX5</span></p>\r\n<p>Compact 40 Gbps router is software-upgradable through 160 Gbps of system capacity; ideal for enterprise applications as well as space- and power-constrained service provider facilities.</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">MX10</span></p>\r\n<p>Compact 80 Gbps router is software-upgradable through 160 Gbps of system capacity; ideal for enterprise applications as well as space- and power-constrained service provider facilities.</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">MX40</span></p>\r\n<p>Compact 120 Gbps router is software-upgradable through 160 Gbps of system capacity; ideal for enterprise applications as well as space- and power-constrained service provider facilities.</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">MX80</span></p>\r\n<p>Compact 160 Gbps router is ideal for enterprise applications as well as space- and power-constrained service provider facilities.</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">MX104</span></p>\r\n<p>Versatile 160 Gbps router offers a high level of redundancy; optimized for mobile backhaul, metro Ethernet, aggregation, and enterprise WAN applications.</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">MX150</span></p>\r\n<p>The compact MX150 is a high-performance, feature-rich edge router that is ideally suited for lower bandwidth service provider and enterprise applications.</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">MX204</span></p>\r\n<p>A compact multiservices router, the MX204 delivers ultra-high density in a 1 U power-efficient form factor to address the widest variety of service provider, mobile, data center, and cloud applications.</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">MX240</span></p>\r\n<p>Modular router offers up to 3 Tbps of system capacity and embedded MACsec and IPsec encryption in a compact form factor; optimized for cloud, campus, enterprise, data center, service provider edge, cable, and mobile service core deployments.</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">MX480</span></p>\r\n<p>Modular router delivers up to 9 Tbps of system capacity and embedded MACsec and IPsec encryption for cloud, campus, enterprise, data center, service provider edge, cable, and mobile service core deployments.</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">MX960</span></p>\r\n<p>Modular router delivers up to 12 Tbps of system capacity and embedded MACsec and IPsec encryption for large cloud, data center, service provider, cable, and mobile service core deployments.</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">MX2008</span></p>\r\n<p>40-Tbps modular, space-optimized carrier-grade router that provides ultra-high-density 10GbE, 40GbE, and 100GbE interfaces to help network operators efficiently address edge and core applications.</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">MX2010</span></p>\r\n<p>40-Tbps modular carrier-grade router that provides ultra-high-density 10GbE, 40GbE, and 100GbE interfaces to help network operators efficiently address edge and core applications.</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">MX2020</span></p>\r\n<p>80-Tbps carrier-grade router that provides ultra-high-density 10GbE, 40GbE, and 100GbE interfaces to help network operators efficiently address edge and core applications.</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">MX10003</span></p>\r\n<p>Compact universal routing platform with ultra-high system capacity and interface density for long-term investment protection.</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">MX10008 и MX10016</span></p>\r\n<p>Space- and power-optimized routing platforms with innovative universal chassis design deliver superior performance, versatility, and capacity.</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Features:</span></span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Service Agility</span></p>\r\n<p>Supports broadest range of business, residential, infrastructure, and enterprise applications and services.</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Best-in-Class Architecture</span></p>\r\n<p>A highly redundant platform powered by Junos OS, the MX Series offers always-on reliability and high performance at massive scale.</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">SDN Enabled</span></p>\r\n<p>Seamless integration with standard-based SDN controllers such as the Contrail Cloud Platform makes the MX Series platform an SDN gateway between physical and virtual network elements.</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Service Integration</span></p>\r\n<p>Integrates a wide set of services&mdash;including carrier-grade NAT (CGNAT), stateful firewall, and deep packet inspection (DPI)&mdash;to address the widest range of applications and support network and service consolidation.</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Physical and Virtual, with No Compromise</span></p>\r\n<p>Consistent feature set across physical and virtual MX Series platforms ensures operational and service consistency.</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Long-Term Investment Protection</span></p>\r\n<p>Offers future-proof scale for long-term growth as well as investment protecting upgrade paths for existing MX Series customers.</p>","shortDescription":"The MX Series 5G platform is the networking platform to support a standards-based 5G user plane that can be applied to both existing and future MX routers to converge wired and wireless networking.","type":null,"isRoiCalculatorAvaliable":false,"isConfiguratorAvaliable":false,"bonus":100,"usingCount":20,"sellingCount":1,"discontinued":0,"rebateForPoc":0,"rebate":0,"seo":{"title":"Juniper MX Series 5G Universal Routing Platform","keywords":"","description":"<p>Virtualized, full-featured, carrier-grade router is ideal for NFV environments, rapid service introduction, and cost-effective service scale-out.</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">virtual MX (vMX)</span></p>\r\n<p>Виртуализированный полнофункциональный","og:title":"Juniper MX Series 5G Universal Routing Platform","og:description":"<p>Virtualized, full-featured, carrier-grade router is ideal for NFV environments, rapid service introduction, and cost-effective service scale-out.</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">virtual MX (vMX)</span></p>\r\n<p>Виртуализированный полнофункциональный","og:image":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/MX_Series_5G_Universal_Routing_Platform.png"},"eventUrl":"","translationId":3192,"dealDetails":null,"roi":null,"price":null,"bonusForReference":null,"templateData":[{"id":87,"title":"Enterprise routers"}],"testingArea":"","categories":[{"id":56,"title":"Router","alias":"router","description":"A router is a networking device that forwards data packets between computer networks. Routers perform the traffic directing functions on the Internet. Data sent through the internet, such as a web page or email, is in the form of data packets. A packet is typically forwarded from one router to another router through the networks that constitute an internetwork (e.g. the Internet) until it reaches its destination node.\r\nA router is connected to two or more data lines from different IP networks. When a data packet comes in on one of the lines, the router reads the network address information in the packet header to determine the ultimate destination. Then, using information in its routing table or routing policy, it directs the packet to the next network on its journey.\r\nThe most familiar type of IP routers are home and small office routers that simply forward IP packets between the home computers and the Internet. An example of a router would be the owner's cable or DSL router, which connects to the Internet through an Internet service provider (ISP). More sophisticated routers, such as enterprise routers, connect large business or ISP networks up to the powerful core routers that forward data at high speed along the optical fiber lines of the Internet backbone.\r\nThe main purpose of a router is to connect multiple networks and forward packets destined either for its own networks or other networks. A router is considered a layer-3 device because its primary forwarding decision is based on the information in the layer-3 IP packet, specifically the destination IP address. When a router receives a packet, it searches its routing table to find the best match between the destination IP address of the packet and one of the addresses in the routing table. Once a match is found, the packet is encapsulated in the layer-2 data link frame for the outgoing interface indicated in the table entry. A router typically does not look into the packet payload,[citation needed] but only at the layer-3 addresses to make a forwarding decision, plus optionally other information in the header for hints on, for example, quality of service (QoS). For pure IP forwarding, a router is designed to minimize the state information associated with individual packets. Once a packet is forwarded, the router does not retain any historical information about the packet.\r\nThe routing table itself can contain information derived from a variety of sources, such as a default or static routes that are configured manually, or dynamic routing protocols where the router learns routes from other routers. A default route is one that is used to route all traffic whose destination does not otherwise appear in the routing table; this is common – even necessary – in small networks, such as a home or small business where the default route simply sends all non-local traffic to the Internet service provider. The default route can be manually configured (as a static route), or learned by dynamic routing protocols, or be obtained by DHCP.\r\nA router can run more than one routing protocol at a time, particularly if it serves as an autonomous system border router between parts of a network that run different routing protocols; if it does so, then redistribution may be used (usually selectively) to share information between the different protocols running on the same router.\r\nBesides making a decision as to which interface a packet is forwarded to, which is handled primarily via the routing table, a router also has to manage congestion when packets arrive at a rate higher than the router can process. Three policies commonly used in the Internet are tail drop, random early detection (RED), and weighted random early detection (WRED). Tail drop is the simplest and most easily implemented; the router simply drops new incoming packets once the length of the queue exceeds the size of the buffers in the router. RED probabilistically drops datagrams early when the queue exceeds a pre-configured portion of the buffer, until a pre-determined max, when it becomes tail drop. WRED requires a weight on the average queue size to act upon when the traffic is about to exceed the pre-configured size, so that short bursts will not trigger random drops.\r\nAnother function a router performs is to decide which packet should be processed first when multiple queues exist. This is managed through QoS, which is critical when Voice over IP is deployed, so as not to introduce excessive latency.\r\nYet another function a router performs is called policy-based routing where special rules are constructed to override the rules derived from the routing table when a packet forwarding decision is made.\r\nRouter functions may be performed through the same internal paths that the packets travel inside the router. Some of the functions may be performed through an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) to avoid overhead of scheduling CPU time to process the packets. Others may have to be performed through the CPU as these packets need special attention that cannot be handled by an ASIC.","materialsDescription":" <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What Is a Router?</span>\r\nRouters are the nodes that make up a computer network like the internet. The router you use at home is the central node of your home network.\r\nIt functions as an information manager between the internet and all devices that go online (i.e. all devices connected to the router). Generally speaking, routers direct incoming traffic to its destination.\r\nThis also makes your router the first line of security in protecting your home network from malicious online attacks.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What Does a Router Do?</span>\r\nYour router handles network traffic. For example, to view this article, data packages coding for this website have to transit from our server, through various nodes on the internet, and finally through your router to arrive on your phone or computer. On your device, your browser decodes those data packages to display the article you’re currently reading.\r\nSince a typical household has more than one device that connects to the internet, you need a router to manage the incoming network signals. In other words, your router makes sure that the data packages coding for a website you want to view on your computer aren’t sent to your phone. It does that by using your device’s MAC address.\r\nWhile your router has a unique (external) IP address to receive data packages from servers worldwide, every device on your home network also carries a unique MAC address. Simply put, when you try to access information online, your router maintains a table to keep track of which device requested information from where. Based on this table, your router distributes incoming data packages to the correct recipient.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What Is the Difference Between Modems and Routers?</span>\r\nA modem turns the proprietary network signal of your ISP (internet service provider) into a standard network signal. In theory, you can choose between multiple ISPs and some of them may use the same delivery route. Your modem knows which signals to read and translate.\r\nThe kind of modem your ISP will provide you with depends on how you’re connecting to the internet. For example, a DSL modem requires a different technology than a cable or fiber optic broadband modem. That’s because one uses the copper wiring of your telephone line, while the others use a coaxial or a fiber optic cable, respectively.\r\nThe DSL modem has to filter and read both the low frequencies that phone and voice data produce, as well as the high frequencies of internet data. Cable modems, on the other hand, have to differentiate between television and internet signals, which are transmitted on different channels, rather than different frequencies. Finally, fiber optic uses pulses of light to transmit information. The modem has to decode these signals into standard data packages.\r\nOnce the modem has turned the ISP’s network signal into data packages, the router can distribute them to the target device.","iconURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/Router1.png"}],"characteristics":[],"concurentProducts":[],"jobRoles":[],"organizationalFeatures":[],"complementaryCategories":[],"solutions":[],"materials":[],"useCases":[],"best_practices":[],"values":[],"implementations":[]},"juniper-qfx-series-switches":{"id":488,"logoURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/Juniper_QFX_kommutatory.png","logo":true,"scheme":false,"title":"Juniper QFX Series switches","vendorVerified":0,"rating":"2.10","implementationsCount":2,"suppliersCount":0,"supplierPartnersCount":2,"alias":"juniper-qfx-series-switches","companyTitle":"Juniper Networks","companyTypes":["supplier","vendor"],"companyId":2784,"companyAlias":"juniper-networks","description":"QFX5100\r\nThe QFX5100 Switches are low-latency, high-performance 10GbE/40GbE switches that act as a flexible building block for multiple data center fabric architectures.\r\nQFX5200\r\nQFX5200 fixed-configuration switches offer flexible connectivity options, from 10GbE to 100GbE, making them ideally suited for leaf deployments in next-generation IP data center fabrics.\r\nQFX10000\r\nThe QFX10000 Switches are highly scalable, high-density platforms that support a variety of 10GbE/40GbE/100GbE deployments, providing a robust foundation for the most demanding data centers.\r\nHigh performance, low latency\r\nWith throughput of up to 6 Tbps per slot, QFX Series switches deliver sustained wire-speed switching with low latency and jitter for virtualized data center environments.\r\nHighly available\r\nRedundant fabrics, power and cooling, combined with separate control and data planes, ensure maximum system availability.\r\nData center fabric building blocks\r\nQFX Series switches provide the universal building blocks for multiple data center fabric architectures, including Junos Fusion, QFabric System, Virtual Chassis and Virtual Chassis Fabric.\r\nStandards-based\r\nStandards-based bridging, routing, VMware NSX Layer 2 gateway, and Fibre Channel technology enable interoperability and easy integration.","shortDescription":"QFX Series switches are high-performance, high-density platforms that satisfy the needs of today’s most demanding enterprise and service provider environments. Designed for top-of-rack, end-of-row, and spine-and-core aggregation deployments in modern data centers, QFX Series switches can be deployed as 10GbE, 40GbE or 100GbE access, spine, core or aggregation devices in Virtual Chassis, Virtual Chassis Fabric, Multi-Chassis LAG and Junos Fusion architectures.","type":null,"isRoiCalculatorAvaliable":false,"isConfiguratorAvaliable":false,"bonus":100,"usingCount":8,"sellingCount":10,"discontinued":0,"rebateForPoc":0,"rebate":0,"seo":{"title":"Juniper QFX Series switches","keywords":"data, center, switches, 10GbE, building, fabric, Series, latency","description":"QFX5100\r\nThe QFX5100 Switches are low-latency, high-performance 10GbE/40GbE switches that act as a flexible building block for multiple data center fabric architectures.\r\nQFX5200\r\nQFX5200 fixed-configuration switches offer flexible connectivity options, from 1","og:title":"Juniper QFX Series switches","og:description":"QFX5100\r\nThe QFX5100 Switches are low-latency, high-performance 10GbE/40GbE switches that act as a flexible building block for multiple data center fabric architectures.\r\nQFX5200\r\nQFX5200 fixed-configuration switches offer flexible connectivity options, from 1","og:image":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/Juniper_QFX_kommutatory.png"},"eventUrl":"","translationId":489,"dealDetails":null,"roi":null,"price":null,"bonusForReference":null,"templateData":[],"testingArea":"","categories":[{"id":56,"title":"Router","alias":"router","description":"A router is a networking device that forwards data packets between computer networks. Routers perform the traffic directing functions on the Internet. Data sent through the internet, such as a web page or email, is in the form of data packets. A packet is typically forwarded from one router to another router through the networks that constitute an internetwork (e.g. the Internet) until it reaches its destination node.\r\nA router is connected to two or more data lines from different IP networks. When a data packet comes in on one of the lines, the router reads the network address information in the packet header to determine the ultimate destination. Then, using information in its routing table or routing policy, it directs the packet to the next network on its journey.\r\nThe most familiar type of IP routers are home and small office routers that simply forward IP packets between the home computers and the Internet. An example of a router would be the owner's cable or DSL router, which connects to the Internet through an Internet service provider (ISP). More sophisticated routers, such as enterprise routers, connect large business or ISP networks up to the powerful core routers that forward data at high speed along the optical fiber lines of the Internet backbone.\r\nThe main purpose of a router is to connect multiple networks and forward packets destined either for its own networks or other networks. A router is considered a layer-3 device because its primary forwarding decision is based on the information in the layer-3 IP packet, specifically the destination IP address. When a router receives a packet, it searches its routing table to find the best match between the destination IP address of the packet and one of the addresses in the routing table. Once a match is found, the packet is encapsulated in the layer-2 data link frame for the outgoing interface indicated in the table entry. A router typically does not look into the packet payload,[citation needed] but only at the layer-3 addresses to make a forwarding decision, plus optionally other information in the header for hints on, for example, quality of service (QoS). For pure IP forwarding, a router is designed to minimize the state information associated with individual packets. Once a packet is forwarded, the router does not retain any historical information about the packet.\r\nThe routing table itself can contain information derived from a variety of sources, such as a default or static routes that are configured manually, or dynamic routing protocols where the router learns routes from other routers. A default route is one that is used to route all traffic whose destination does not otherwise appear in the routing table; this is common – even necessary – in small networks, such as a home or small business where the default route simply sends all non-local traffic to the Internet service provider. The default route can be manually configured (as a static route), or learned by dynamic routing protocols, or be obtained by DHCP.\r\nA router can run more than one routing protocol at a time, particularly if it serves as an autonomous system border router between parts of a network that run different routing protocols; if it does so, then redistribution may be used (usually selectively) to share information between the different protocols running on the same router.\r\nBesides making a decision as to which interface a packet is forwarded to, which is handled primarily via the routing table, a router also has to manage congestion when packets arrive at a rate higher than the router can process. Three policies commonly used in the Internet are tail drop, random early detection (RED), and weighted random early detection (WRED). Tail drop is the simplest and most easily implemented; the router simply drops new incoming packets once the length of the queue exceeds the size of the buffers in the router. RED probabilistically drops datagrams early when the queue exceeds a pre-configured portion of the buffer, until a pre-determined max, when it becomes tail drop. WRED requires a weight on the average queue size to act upon when the traffic is about to exceed the pre-configured size, so that short bursts will not trigger random drops.\r\nAnother function a router performs is to decide which packet should be processed first when multiple queues exist. This is managed through QoS, which is critical when Voice over IP is deployed, so as not to introduce excessive latency.\r\nYet another function a router performs is called policy-based routing where special rules are constructed to override the rules derived from the routing table when a packet forwarding decision is made.\r\nRouter functions may be performed through the same internal paths that the packets travel inside the router. Some of the functions may be performed through an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) to avoid overhead of scheduling CPU time to process the packets. Others may have to be performed through the CPU as these packets need special attention that cannot be handled by an ASIC.","materialsDescription":" <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What Is a Router?</span>\r\nRouters are the nodes that make up a computer network like the internet. The router you use at home is the central node of your home network.\r\nIt functions as an information manager between the internet and all devices that go online (i.e. all devices connected to the router). Generally speaking, routers direct incoming traffic to its destination.\r\nThis also makes your router the first line of security in protecting your home network from malicious online attacks.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What Does a Router Do?</span>\r\nYour router handles network traffic. For example, to view this article, data packages coding for this website have to transit from our server, through various nodes on the internet, and finally through your router to arrive on your phone or computer. On your device, your browser decodes those data packages to display the article you’re currently reading.\r\nSince a typical household has more than one device that connects to the internet, you need a router to manage the incoming network signals. In other words, your router makes sure that the data packages coding for a website you want to view on your computer aren’t sent to your phone. It does that by using your device’s MAC address.\r\nWhile your router has a unique (external) IP address to receive data packages from servers worldwide, every device on your home network also carries a unique MAC address. Simply put, when you try to access information online, your router maintains a table to keep track of which device requested information from where. Based on this table, your router distributes incoming data packages to the correct recipient.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What Is the Difference Between Modems and Routers?</span>\r\nA modem turns the proprietary network signal of your ISP (internet service provider) into a standard network signal. In theory, you can choose between multiple ISPs and some of them may use the same delivery route. Your modem knows which signals to read and translate.\r\nThe kind of modem your ISP will provide you with depends on how you’re connecting to the internet. For example, a DSL modem requires a different technology than a cable or fiber optic broadband modem. That’s because one uses the copper wiring of your telephone line, while the others use a coaxial or a fiber optic cable, respectively.\r\nThe DSL modem has to filter and read both the low frequencies that phone and voice data produce, as well as the high frequencies of internet data. Cable modems, on the other hand, have to differentiate between television and internet signals, which are transmitted on different channels, rather than different frequencies. Finally, fiber optic uses pulses of light to transmit information. 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