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Combining moving target defense (MTD), streaming encryption, out-of-band, and port masking technologies, solutions prevent data interception, data injection, and network attacks. Introspective Networks’ Smoke line of secure products provide protection for communications, file transfers, secure connections, and entire networks for any commercial or government organization seeking powerful, nextgen network security for public, shared or private networking.\r\n<br />Source: https://www.linkedin.com/company/introspective-power-inc/about/","companyTypes":["supplier","vendor"],"products":{},"vendoredProductsCount":1,"suppliedProductsCount":1,"supplierImplementations":[],"vendorImplementations":[],"userImplementations":[],"userImplementationsCount":0,"supplierImplementationsCount":0,"vendorImplementationsCount":0,"vendorPartnersCount":0,"supplierPartnersCount":0,"b4r":0,"categories":{"5":{"id":5,"title":"Security Software","description":" Computer security software or cybersecurity software is any computer program designed to enhance information security. Security software is a broad term that encompasses a suite of different types of software that deliver data and computer and network security in various forms. \r\nSecurity software can protect a computer from viruses, malware, unauthorized users and other security exploits originating from the Internet. Different types of security software include anti-virus software, firewall software, network security software, Internet security software, malware/spamware removal and protection software, cryptographic software, and more.\r\nIn end-user computing environments, anti-spam and anti-virus security software is the most common type of software used, whereas enterprise users add a firewall and intrusion detection system on top of it. \r\nSecurity soft may be focused on preventing attacks from reaching their target, on limiting the damage attacks can cause if they reach their target and on tracking the damage that has been caused so that it can be repaired. As the nature of malicious code evolves, security software also evolves.<span style=\"font-weight: bold; \"></span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Firewall. </span>Firewall security software prevents unauthorized users from accessing a computer or network without restricting those who are authorized. Firewalls can be implemented with hardware or software. Some computer operating systems include software firewalls in the operating system itself. For example, Microsoft Windows has a built-in firewall. Routers and servers can include firewalls. There are also dedicated hardware firewalls that have no other function other than protecting a network from unauthorized access.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Antivirus.</span> Antivirus solutions work to prevent malicious code from attacking a computer by recognizing the attack before it begins. But it is also designed to stop an attack in progress that could not be prevented, and to repair damage done by the attack once the attack abates. Antivirus software is useful because it addresses security issues in cases where attacks have made it past a firewall. New computer viruses appear daily, so antivirus and security software must be continuously updated to remain effective.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Antispyware.</span> While antivirus software is designed to prevent malicious software from attacking, the goal of antispyware software is to prevent unauthorized software from stealing information that is on a computer or being processed through the computer. Since spyware does not need to attempt to damage data files or the operating system, it does not trigger antivirus software into action. However, antispyware software can recognize the particular actions spyware is taking by monitoring the communications between a computer and external message recipients. When communications occur that the user has not authorized, antispyware can notify the user and block further communications.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Home Computers.</span> Home computers and some small businesses usually implement&nbsp; security software at the desktop level - meaning on the PC itself. This category of computer security and protection, sometimes referred to as end-point security, remains resident, or continuously operating, on the desktop. Because the software is running, it uses system resources, and can slow the computer's performance. However, because it operates in real time, it can react rapidly to attacks and seek to shut them down when they occur.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Network Security.</span> When several computers are all on the same network, it's more cost-effective to implement security at the network level. Antivirus software can be installed on a server and then loaded automatically to each desktop. However firewalls are usually installed on a server or purchased as an independent device that is inserted into the network where the Internet connection comes in. All of the computers inside the network communicate unimpeded, but any data going in or out of the network over the Internet is filtered trough the firewall.<br /><br /><br />","materialsDescription":"<h1 class=\"align-center\"> <span style=\"font-weight: normal; \">What is IT security software?</span></h1>\r\nIT security software provides protection to businesses’ computer or network. It serves as a defense against unauthorized access and intrusion in such a system. It comes in various types, with many businesses and individuals already using some of them in one form or another.\r\nWith the emergence of more advanced technology, cybercriminals have also found more ways to get into the system of many organizations. Since more and more businesses are now relying their crucial operations on software products, the importance of security system software assurance must be taken seriously – now more than ever. Having reliable protection such as a security software programs is crucial to safeguard your computing environments and data. \r\n<p class=\"align-left\">It is not just the government or big corporations that become victims of cyber threats. In fact, small and medium-sized businesses have increasingly become targets of cybercrime over the past years. </p>\r\n<h1 class=\"align-center\"><span style=\"font-weight: normal; \">What are the features of IT security software?</span></h1>\r\n\r\n<ul><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Automatic updates. </span>This ensures you don’t miss any update and your system is the most up-to-date version to respond to the constantly emerging new cyber threats.</li></ul>\r\n\r\n<ul><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Real-time scanning.</span> Dynamic scanning features make it easier to detect and infiltrate malicious entities promptly. Without this feature, you’ll risk not being able to prevent damage to your system before it happens.</li></ul>\r\n\r\n<ul><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Auto-clean.</span> A feature that rids itself of viruses even without the user manually removing it from its quarantine zone upon detection. Unless you want the option to review the malware, there is no reason to keep the malicious software on your computer which makes this feature essential.</li></ul>\r\n\r\n<ul><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Multiple app protection.</span> This feature ensures all your apps and services are protected, whether they’re in email, instant messenger, and internet browsers, among others.</li></ul>\r\n\r\n<ul><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Application level security.</span> This enables you to control access to the application on a per-user role or per-user basis to guarantee only the right individuals can enter the appropriate applications.</li></ul>\r\n\r\n<ul><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Role-based menu.</span> This displays menu options showing different users according to their roles for easier assigning of access and control.</li></ul>\r\n\r\n<ul><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Row-level (multi-tenant) security.</span> This gives you control over data access at a row-level for a single application. This means you can allow multiple users to access the same application but you can control the data they are authorized to view.</li></ul>\r\n\r\n<ul><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Single sign-on.</span> A session or user authentication process that allows users to access multiple related applications as long as they are authorized in a single session by only logging in their name and password in a single place.</li></ul>\r\n\r\n<ul><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">User privilege parameters.</span> These are customizable features and security as per individual user or role that can be accessed in their profile throughout every application.</li></ul>\r\n\r\n<ul><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Application activity auditing.</span> Vital for IT departments to quickly view when a user logged in and off and which application they accessed. Developers can log end-user activity using their sign-on/signoff activities.</li></ul>\r\n<p class=\"align-left\"><br /><br /><br /><br /></p>","iconURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/icon_Security_Software.png","alias":"security-software"},"43":{"id":43,"title":"Data Encryption","description":"<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Data encryption</span> translates data into another form, or code, so that only people with access to a secret key (formally called a decryption key) or password can read it. Encrypted data is commonly referred to as ciphertext, while unencrypted data is called plaintext. Currently, encryption is one of the most popular and effective data security methods used by organizations. \r\nTwo main types of data encryption exist - <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">asymmetric encryption</span>, also known as public-key encryption, and <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">symmetric encryption</span>.<br />The purpose of data encryption is to protect digital data confidentiality as it is stored on computer systems and transmitted using the internet or other computer networks. The outdated data encryption standard (DES) has been replaced by modern encryption algorithms that play a critical role in the security of IT systems and communications.\r\nThese algorithms provide confidentiality and drive key security initiatives including authentication, integrity, and non-repudiation. Authentication allows for the verification of a message’s origin, and integrity provides proof that a message’s contents have not changed since it was sent. Additionally, non-repudiation ensures that a message sender cannot deny sending the message.\r\nData protection software for data encryption can provide encryption of devices, email, and data itself. In many cases, these encryption functionalities are also met with control capabilities for devices, email, and data. \r\nCompanies and organizations face the challenge of protecting data and preventing data loss as employees use external devices, removable media, and web applications more often as a part of their daily business procedures. Sensitive data may no longer be under the company’s control and protection as employees copy data to removable devices or upload it to the cloud. As a result, the best data loss prevention solutions prevent data theft and the introduction of malware from removable and external devices as well as web and cloud applications. In order to do so, they must also ensure that devices and applications are used properly and that data is secured by auto-encryption even after it leaves the organization.\r\nEncryption software program encrypts data or files by working with one or more encryption algorithms. Security personnel use it to protect data from being viewed by unauthorized users.\r\nTypically, each data packet or file encrypted via data encryption programs requires a key to be decrypted to its original form. This key is generated by the software itself and shared between the data/file sender and receiver. Thus, even if the encrypted data is extracted or compromised, its original content cannot be retrieved without the encryption key. File encryption, email encryption, disk encryption and network encryption are widely used types of data encryption software.<br /><br />","materialsDescription":"<h1 class=\"align-center\"><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">What is Encryption software?</span></h1>\r\nEncryption software is software that uses cryptography to prevent unauthorized access to digital information. Cryptography is used to protect digital information on computers as well as the digital information that is sent to other computers over the Internet.There are many software products which provide encryption. Software encryption uses a cipher to obscure the content into ciphertext. One way to classify this type of software is by the type of cipher used. Ciphers can be divided into two categories: <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">public key ciphers</span> (also known as asymmetric ciphers), and <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">symmetric key ciphers</span>. Encryption software can be based on either public key or symmetric key encryption.\r\nAnother way to classify crypto software is to categorize its purpose. Using this approach, software encryption may be classified into software which encrypts &quot;<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">data in transit</span>&quot; and software which encrypts &quot;<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">data at rest</span>&quot;. Data in transit generally uses public key ciphers, and data at rest generally uses symmetric key ciphers.\r\nSymmetric key ciphers can be further divided into stream ciphers and block ciphers. Stream ciphers typically encrypt plaintext a bit or byte at a time, and are most commonly used to encrypt real-time communications, such as audio and video information. The key is used to establish the initial state of a keystream generator, and the output of that generator is used to encrypt the plaintext. Block cipher algorithms split the plaintext into fixed-size blocks and encrypt one block at a time. For example, AES processes 16-byte blocks, while its predecessor DES encrypted blocks of eight bytes.<br />There is also a well-known case where PKI is used for data in transit of data at rest.\r\n<h1 class=\"align-center\"><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">How Data Encryption is used?</span></h1>\r\nThe purpose of data encryption is to deter malicious or negligent parties from accessing sensitive data. An important line of defense in a cybersecurity architecture, encryption makes using intercepted data as difficult as possible. It can be applied to all kinds of data protection needs ranging from classified government intel to personal credit card transactions. Data encryption software, also known as an encryption algorithm or cipher, is used to develop an encryption scheme which theoretically can only be broken with large amounts of computing power.\r\nEncryption is an incredibly important tool for keeping your data safe. When your files are encrypted, they are completely unreadable without the correct encryption key.&nbsp; If someone steals your encrypted files, they won’t be able to do anything with them.\r\nThere different types of encryption: hardware and software. Both offer different advantages. So, what are these methods and why do they matter?\r\n<h1 class=\"align-center\"><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">Software Encryption</span></h1>\r\n<p class=\"align-left\">As the name implies, software encryption uses features of encryption software to encrypt your data. Cryptosoft typically relies on a password; give the right password, and your files will be decrypted, otherwise they remain locked. With encryption enabled, it is passed through a special algorithm that scrambles your data as it is written to disk. The same software then unscrambles data as it is read from the disk for an authenticated user.</p>\r\n<p class=\"align-left\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Pros.</span>Crypto programs is typically quite cheap to implement, making it very popular with developers. In addition, software-based encryption routines do not require any additional hardware.<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\"></span></p>\r\n<p class=\"align-left\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Cons.</span>Types of encryption software is only as secure as the rest of your computer or smartphone. If a hacker can crack your password, the encryption is immediately undone.<br />Software encryption tools also share the processing resources of your computer, which can cause the entire machine to slow down as data is encrypted/decrypted. You will also find that opening and closing encrypted files is much slower than normal because the process is relatively resource intensive, particularly for higher levels of encryption</p>\r\n<h1 class=\"align-center\"><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">Hardware encryption</span></h1>\r\n<p class=\"align-left\">At the heart of hardware encryption is a separate processor dedicated to the task of authentication and encryption. Hardware encryption is increasingly common on mobile devices. <br />The encryption protection technology still relies on a special key to encrypt and decrypt data, but this is randomly generated by the encryption processor. Often times, hardware encryption devices replace traditional passwords with biometric logons (like fingerprints) or a PIN number that is entered on an attached keypad<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\"></span></p>\r\n<p class=\"align-left\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Pros.</span>Hardware offers strong encryption, safer than software solutions because the encryption process is separate from the rest of the machine. This makes it much harder to intercept or break. </p>\r\n<p class=\"align-left\">The use of a dedicated processor also relieves the burden on the rest of your device, making the encryption and decryption process much faster.<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\"></span></p>\r\n<p class=\"align-left\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Cons.</span>Typically, hardware-based encrypted storage is much more expensive than a software encryption tools. <br />If the hardware decryption processor fails, it becomes extremely hard to access your information.<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\"></span></p>\r\n<p class=\"align-left\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">The Data Recovery Challenge. </span>Encrypted data is a challenge to recover. Even by recovering the raw sectors from a failed drive, it is still encrypted, which means it is still unreadable. </p>\r\n<p class=\"align-left\">Hardware encrypted devices don’t typically have these additional recovery options. Many have a design to prevent decryption in the event of a component failure, stopping hackers from disassembling them. The fastest and most effective way to deal with data loss on an encrypted device is to ensure you have a complete backup stored somewhere safe. For your PC, this may mean copying data to another encrypted device. For other devices, like your smartphone, backing up to the Cloud provides a quick and simple economy copy that you can restore from. As an added bonus, most Cloud services now encrypt their users’ data too. <br /><br /><br /></p>","iconURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/icon_Data_Encryption.png","alias":"data-encryption"},"52":{"id":52,"title":"SaaS - software as a service","description":"<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Software as a service (SaaS)</span> is a software licensing and delivery model in which software is licensed on a subscription basis and is centrally hosted. It is sometimes referred to as &quot;on-demand software&quot;, and was formerly referred to as &quot;software plus services&quot; by Microsoft.\r\n SaaS services is typically accessed by users using a thin client, e.g. via a web browser. SaaS software solutions has become a common delivery model for many business applications, including office software, messaging software, payroll processing software, DBMS software, management software, CAD software, development software, gamification, virtualization, accounting, collaboration, customer relationship management (CRM), Management Information Systems (MIS), enterprise resource planning (ERP), invoicing, human resource management (HRM), talent acquisition, learning management systems, content management (CM), Geographic Information Systems (GIS), and service desk management. SaaS has been incorporated into the strategy of nearly all leading enterprise software companies.\r\nSaaS applications are also known as <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Web-based software</span>, <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">on-demand software</span> and<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\"> hosted software</span>.\r\nThe term &quot;Software as a Service&quot; (SaaS) is considered to be part of the nomenclature of cloud computing, along with Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), Desktop as a Service (DaaS),managed software as a service (MSaaS), mobile backend as a service (MBaaS), and information technology management as a service (ITMaaS).\r\nBecause SaaS is based on cloud computing it saves organizations from installing and running applications on their own systems. That eliminates or at least reduces the associated costs of hardware purchases and maintenance and of software and support. The initial setup cost for a SaaS application is also generally lower than it for equivalent enterprise software purchased via a site license.\r\nSometimes, the use of SaaS cloud software can also reduce the long-term costs of software licensing, though that depends on the pricing model for the individual SaaS offering and the enterprise’s usage patterns. In fact, it’s possible for SaaS to cost more than traditional software licenses. This is an area IT organizations should explore carefully.<br />SaaS also provides enterprises the flexibility inherent with cloud services: they can subscribe to a SaaS offering as needed rather than having to buy software licenses and install the software on a variety of computers. The savings can be substantial in the case of applications that require new hardware purchases to support the software.<br /><br /><br /><br />","materialsDescription":"<h1 class=\"align-center\"><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">Who uses SaaS?</span></h1>\r\nIndustry analyst Forrester Research notes that SaaS adoption has so far been concentrated mostly in human resource management (HRM), customer relationship management (CRM), collaboration software (e.g., email), and procurement solutions, but is poised to widen. Today it’s possible to have a data warehouse in the cloud that you can access with business intelligence software running as a service and connect to your cloud-based ERP like NetSuite or Microsoft Dynamics.The dollar savings can run into the millions. And SaaS installations are often installed and working in a fraction of the time of on-premises deployments—some can be ready in hours. \r\nSales and marketing people are likely familiar with Salesforce.com, the leading SaaS CRM software, with millions of users across more than 100,000 customers. Sales is going SaaS too, with apps available to support sales in order management, compensation, quote production and configure, price, quoting, electronic signatures, contract management and more.\r\n<h1 class=\"align-center\"><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">Why SaaS? Benefits of software as a service</span></h1>\r\n<ul><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Lower cost of entry</span>. With SaaS solution, you pay for what you need, without having to buy hardware to host your new applications. Instead of provisioning internal resources to install the software, the vendor provides APIs and performs much of the work to get their software working for you. The time to a working solution can drop from months in the traditional model to weeks, days or hours with the SaaS model. In some businesses, IT wants nothing to do with installing and running a sales app. In the case of funding software and its implementation, this can be a make-or-break issue for the sales and marketing budget, so the lower cost really makes the difference.</li></ul>\r\n\r\n<ul><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Reduced time to benefit/rapid prototyping</span>. In the SaaS model, the software application is already installed and configured. Users can provision the server for the cloud and quickly have the application ready for use. This cuts the time to benefit and allows for rapid demonstrations and prototyping. With many SaaS companies offering free trials, this means a painless proof of concept and discovery phase to prove the benefit to the organization. </li></ul>\r\n\r\n<ul><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Pay as you go</span>. SaaS business software gives you the benefit of predictable costs both for the subscription and to some extent, the administration. Even as you scale, you can have a clear idea of what your costs will be. This allows for much more accurate budgeting, especially as compared to the costs of internal IT to manage upgrades and address issues for an owned instance.</li></ul>\r\n\r\n<ul><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">The SaaS vendor is responsible for upgrades, uptime and security</span>. Under the SaaS model, since the software is hosted by the vendor, they take on the responsibility for maintaining the software and upgrading it, ensuring that it is reliable and meeting agreed-upon service level agreements, and keeping the application and its data secure.&nbsp; While some IT people worry about Software as a Service security outside of the enterprise walls, the likely truth is that the vendor has a much higher level of security than the enterprise itself would provide. Many will have redundant instances in very secure data centers in multiple geographies.&nbsp; Also, the data is being automatically backed up by the vendor, providing additional security and peace of mind. Because of the data center hosting, you’re getting the added benefit of at least some disaster recovery. Lastly, the vendor manages these issues as part of their core competencies—let them.</li></ul>\r\n\r\n<ul><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Integration and scalability.</span> Most SaaS apps are designed to support some amount of customization for the way you do business. SaaS vendors create APIs to allow connections not only to internal applications like ERPs or CRMs but also to other SaaS providers. One of the terrific aspects of integration is that orders written in the field can be automatically sent to the ERP. Now a salesperson in the field can check inventory through the catalog, write the order in front of the customer for approval, send it and receive confirmation, all in minutes. And as you scale with a SaaS vendor, there’s no need to invest in server capacity and software licenses. </li></ul>\r\n\r\n<ul><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Work anywhere</span>. Since the software is hosted in the cloud and accessible over the internet, users can access it via mobile devices wherever they are connected. This includes checking customer order histories prior to a sales call, as well as having access to real time data and real time order taking with the customer.</li></ul>\r\n<p class=\"align-left\">&nbsp;</p>","iconURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/SaaS__1_.png","alias":"saas-software-as-a-service"},"331":{"id":331,"title":"Network Management Software","description":" <span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Network management software</span> is software that is used to provision, discover, monitor and maintain computer networks. \r\nWith the expansion of the world wide web and the Internet, computer networks have become very large and complex, making them impossible to manage manually. In response, a suite of network management software was developed to help reduce the burden of managing the growing complexity of computer networks. \r\nNetwork management software usually collects information about network devices (which are called Nodes) using protocols like SNMP, ICMP, CDP etc. This information is then presented to network administrators in an easy to understand and accessible manner to help them quickly identify and remediate problems. \r\nSome advanced network control software may rectify network problems automatically. Network management program may also help with tasks involved in provisioning new networks, such as installing and configuring new network nodes etc. Network management tools may also help with maintenance of existing networks like upgrading software on existing network devices, creating new virtual networks etc. \r\n<p class=\"align-center\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Functions</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"align-left\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Provisioning:</span> Enables network managers to provision new network devices in an environment. Automating this step reduces cost and eliminates chances of human error.</p>\r\n<p class=\"align-left\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Mapping or Discovery:</span> Enables the software to discover the features of a target network. Some features that are usually discovered are: the nodes in a network, the connectivity between these nodes, the vendor types, the performance characteristics etc.</p>\r\n<p class=\"align-left\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Monitoring:</span> Enables the network management system to monitor the network for problems and to suggest improvements. The software may poll the devices periodically or register itself to receive alerts from network devices. One mechanism for network devices to volunteer information about itself is by sending an SNMP Trap. Monitoring can reveal faults in the network such as failed or misconfigured nodes, performance bottlenecks, intrusions etc.</p>\r\n<p class=\"align-left\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Configuration management:</span> Enables the software to ensure that the network configuration is as desired and there is no configuration drift.</p>\r\n<p class=\"align-left\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Regulatory compliance:</span> Enables the network management system software to ensure that the network meets the regulatory standards and complies with applicable laws.</p>\r\n<p class=\"align-left\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Change control:</span> Enables the software to ensure that the network changes are enacted in a controlled and coordinated manner. Change control can enable audit trails which has applications during a forensic investigation after a network intrusion.</p>\r\n<p class=\"align-left\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Software Asset Management:</span>Provides software deployment and patch management.</p>\r\n<p class=\"align-left\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Cybersecurity: </span>Enabled the software to use all the data gathered from the nodes to identify security risks in an IT environment.</p>","materialsDescription":"<h1 class=\"align-center\">What does Network Inventory Management system mean?</h1>\r\nNetwork inventory management is the process of keeping records of all the IT or network assets that make up the network.\r\nIt enables network administrators/businesses to have a physical record of all IT and network equipment within the organization.\r\nNetwork inventory management is generally performed to through IT asset tracking software that scans, compiles and records data about each device/node over a network.\r\n<p class=\"align-left\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Network inventory management software may include:</span></p>\r\n<ul><li>Number of routers, their make, type and place of installation, serial number</li><li>IP addresses of all devices/nodes, IP addressing scheme used</li><li>Number and type of software along with license keys and expiry dates</li></ul>\r\n<p class=\"align-left\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">This data helps businesses with:</span></p>\r\n<ul><li>Network size estimation</li><li>Network capacity planning</li><li>Network cost/ROI estimation</li><li>Physical network administration (to deal with device/equipment loss and theft)</li></ul>\r\n<h1 class=\"align-center\">What is SNMP Management Software?</h1>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) management software</span> is an application or program used to manage and monitor many network devices – such as servers, printers, hubs, switches, and routers – that are SNMP-aware and which an SNMP agent software can poll and receive alert traps when needed.\r\nSNMP network management software is currently considered the best choice by professionals for IP (Internet Protocol) network management, and as a result, SNMP is widely supported and featured in many hardware devices and network management software packages. \r\nSNMP software is designed to be able to be deployed on a large number of network devices, to have minimal impact and transport requirements on the managed nodes and to continue working when most other network applications fail.\r\n\r\n","iconURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/icon_Network_Management_Software.png","alias":"network-management-software"},"467":{"id":467,"title":"Network Forensics","description":" Network forensics is a sub-branch of digital forensics relating to the monitoring and analysis of computer network traffic for the purposes of information gathering, legal evidence, or intrusion detection. Unlike other areas of digital forensics, network investigations deal with volatile and dynamic information. Network traffic is transmitted and then lost, so network forensics is often a pro-active investigation.\r\nNetwork forensics generally has two uses. The first, relating to security, involves monitoring a network for anomalous traffic and identifying intrusions. An attacker might be able to erase all log files on a compromised host; network-based evidence might therefore be the only evidence available for forensic analysis. The second form relates to law enforcement. In this case analysis of captured network traffic can include tasks such as reassembling transferred files, searching for keywords and parsing human communication such as emails or chat sessions.\r\nTwo systems are commonly used to collect network data; a brute force &quot;catch it as you can&quot; and a more intelligent &quot;stop look listen&quot; method.\r\nNetwork forensics is a comparatively new field of forensic science. The growing popularity of the Internet in homes means that computing has become network-centric and data is now available outside of disk-based digital evidence. Network forensics can be performed as a standalone investigation or alongside a computer forensics analysis (where it is often used to reveal links between digital devices or reconstruct how a crime was committed).\r\nMarcus Ranum is credited with defining Network forensics as &quot;the capture, recording, and analysis of network events in order to discover the source of security attacks or other problem incidents&quot;.\r\nCompared to computer forensics, where evidence is usually preserved on disk, network data is more volatile and unpredictable. Investigators often only have material to examine if packet filters, firewalls, and intrusion detection systems were set up to anticipate breaches of security.\r\nSystems used to collect network data for forensics use usually come in two forms:\r\n<ul><li>&quot;Catch-it-as-you-can&quot; – This is where all packets passing through a certain traffic point are captured and written to storage with analysis being done subsequently in batch mode. This approach requires large amounts of storage.</li><li>&quot;Stop, look and listen&quot; – This is where each packet is analyzed in a rudimentary way in memory and only certain information saved for future analysis. This approach requires a faster processor to keep up with incoming traffic.</li></ul>","materialsDescription":" <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Why is network forensics important?</span>\r\nNetwork forensics is important because so many common attacks entail some type of misuse of network resources.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What are the different ways in which the network can be attacked?</span>\r\nAttacks typically target availability confidentiality and integrity. Loss of any one of these items constitutes a security breach.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Where is the best place to search for information?</span>\r\nInformation can be found by either doing a live analysis of the network, analyzing IDS information, or examining logs that can be found in routers and servers.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">How does a forensic analyst know how deeply to look for information?</span>\r\nSome amount of information can be derived from looking at the skill level of the attacker. Attackers with little skill are much less likely to use advanced hiding techniques.","iconURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/icon_Network_Forensics.png","alias":"network-forensics"},"834":{"id":834,"title":"IoT - Internet of Things Security","description":" IoT security is the technology area concerned with safeguarding connected devices and networks in the internet of things (IoT).\r\nIoT involves adding internet connectivity to a system of interrelated computing devices, mechanical and digital machines, objects, animals and/or people. Each &quot;thing&quot; is provided a unique identifier and the ability to automatically transfer data over a network. Allowing devices to connect to the internet opens them up to a number of serious vulnerabilities if they are not properly protected.\r\nIoT security has become the subject of scrutiny after a number of high-profile incidents where a common IoT device was used to infiltrate and attack the larger network. Implementing security measures is critical to ensuring the safety of networks with IoT devices connected to them.\r\nIoT security hacks can happen in any industry, from smart home to a manufacturing plant to a connected car. The severity of impact depends greatly on the individual system, the data collected and/or the information it contains.\r\nAn attack disabling the brakes of a connected car, for example, or on a connected health device, such as an insulin pump hacked to administer too much medication to a patient, can be life-threatening. Likewise, an attack on a refrigeration system housing medicine that is monitored by an IoT system can ruin the viability of a medicine if temperatures fluctuate. Similarly, an attack on critical infrastructure -- an oil well, energy grid or water supply -- can be disastrous.\r\nSo, a robust IoT security portfolio must allow protecting devices from all types of vulnerabilities while deploying the security level that best matches application needs. Cryptography technologies are used to combat communication attacks. Security services are offered for protecting against lifecycle attacks. Isolation measures can be implemented to fend off software attacks. And, finally, IoT security should include tamper mitigation and side-channel attack mitigation technologies for fighting physical attacks of the chip.","materialsDescription":" <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What are the key requirements of IoT Security?</span>\r\nThe key requirements for any IoT security solution are:\r\n<ul><li>Device and data security, including authentication of devices and confidentiality and integrity of data</li><li>Implementing and running security operations at IoT scale</li><li>Meeting compliance requirements and requests</li><li>Meeting performance requirements as per the use case</li></ul>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What do connected devices require to participate in the IoT Securely?</span>\r\nTo securely participate in the IoT, each connected device needs a unique identification – even before it has an IP address. This digital credential establishes the root of trust for the device’s entire lifecycle, from initial design to deployment to retirement.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Why is device authentication necessary for the IoT?</span>\r\nStrong IoT device authentication is required to ensure connected devices on the IoT can be trusted to be what they purport to be. Consequently, each IoT device needs a unique identity that can be authenticated when the device attempts to connect to a gateway or central server. With this unique ID in place, IT system administrators can track each device throughout its lifecycle, communicate securely with it, and prevent it from executing harmful processes. If a device exhibits unexpected behavior, administrators can simply revoke its privileges.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Why is secure manufacturing necessary for IoT devices?</span>\r\nIoT devices produced through unsecured manufacturing processes provide criminals opportunities to change production runs to introduce unauthorized code or produce additional units that are subsequently sold on the black market.\r\nOne way to secure manufacturing processes is to use hardware security modules (HSMs) and supporting security software to inject cryptographic keys and digital certificates and to control the number of units built and the code incorporated into each.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Why is code signing necessary for IoT devices?</span>\r\nTo protect businesses, brands, partners, and users from software that has been infected by malware, software developers have adopted code signing. In the IoT, code signing in the software release process ensures the integrity of IoT device software and firmware updates and defends against the risks associated with code tampering or code that deviates from organizational policies.\r\nIn public key cryptography, code signing is a specific use of certificate-based digital signatures that enables an organization to verify the identity of the software publisher and certify the software has not been changed since it was published.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What is IoT PKI?</span>\r\nToday there are more things (devices) online than there are people on the planet! Devices are the number one users of the Internet and need digital identities for secure operation. As enterprises seek to transform their business models to stay competitive, rapid adoption of IoT technologies is creating increasing demand for Public Key Infrastructures (PKIs) to provide digital certificates for the growing number of devices and the software and firmware they run.\r\nSafe IoT deployments require not only trusting the devices to be authentic and to be who they say they are, but also trusting that the data they collect is real and not altered. If one cannot trust the IoT devices and the data, there is no point in collecting, running analytics, and executing decisions based on the information collected.\r\nSecure adoption of IoT requires:\r\n<ul><li>Enabling mutual authentication between connected devices and applications</li><li>Maintaining the integrity and confidentiality of the data collected by devices</li><li>Ensuring the legitimacy and integrity of the software downloaded to devices</li><li>Preserving the privacy of sensitive data in light of stricter security regulations</li></ul>","iconURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/iot.png","alias":"iot-internet-of-things-security"},"852":{"id":852,"title":"Network security","description":" Network security consists of the policies and practices adopted to prevent and monitor unauthorized access, misuse, modification, or denial of a computer network and network-accessible resources. Network security involves the authorization of access to data in a network, which is controlled by the network administrator. Users choose or are assigned an ID and password or other authenticating information that allows them access to information and programs within their authority. Network security covers a variety of computer networks, both public and private, that are used in everyday jobs; conducting transactions and communications among businesses, government agencies and individuals. Networks can be private, such as within a company, and others which might be open to public access. Network security is involved in organizations, enterprises, and other types of institutions. It does as its title explains: it secures the network, as well as protecting and overseeing operations being done. The most common and simple way of protecting a network resource is by assigning it a unique name and a corresponding password.\r\nNetwork security starts with authentication, commonly with a username and a password. Since this requires just one detail authenticating the user name — i.e., the password—this is sometimes termed one-factor authentication. With two-factor authentication, something the user 'has' is also used (e.g., a security token or 'dongle', an ATM card, or a mobile phone); and with three-factor authentication, something the user 'is' is also used (e.g., a fingerprint or retinal scan).\r\nOnce authenticated, a firewall enforces access policies such as what services are allowed to be accessed by the network users. Though effective to prevent unauthorized access, this component may fail to check potentially harmful content such as computer worms or Trojans being transmitted over the network. Anti-virus software or an intrusion prevention system (IPS) help detect and inhibit the action of such malware. An anomaly-based intrusion detection system may also monitor the network like wireshark traffic and may be logged for audit purposes and for later high-level analysis. Newer systems combining unsupervised machine learning with full network traffic analysis can detect active network attackers from malicious insiders or targeted external attackers that have compromised a user machine or account.\r\nCommunication between two hosts using a network may be encrypted to maintain privacy.\r\nHoneypots, essentially decoy network-accessible resources, may be deployed in a network as surveillance and early-warning tools, as the honeypots are not normally accessed for legitimate purposes. Techniques used by the attackers that attempt to compromise these decoy resources are studied during and after an attack to keep an eye on new exploitation techniques. Such analysis may be used to further tighten security of the actual network being protected by the honeypot. A honeypot can also direct an attacker's attention away from legitimate servers. A honeypot encourages attackers to spend their time and energy on the decoy server while distracting their attention from the data on the real server. Similar to a honeypot, a honeynet is a network set up with intentional vulnerabilities. Its purpose is also to invite attacks so that the attacker's methods can be studied and that information can be used to increase network security. A honeynet typically contains one or more honeypots.","materialsDescription":" <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What is Network Security?</span>\r\nNetwork security is any action an organization takes to prevent malicious use or accidental damage to the network’s private data, its users, or their devices. The goal of network security is to keep the network running and safe for all legitimate users.\r\nBecause there are so many ways that a network can be vulnerable, network security involves a broad range of practices. These include:\r\n<ul><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Deploying active devices:</span> Using software to block malicious programs from entering, or running within, the network. Blocking users from sending or receiving suspicious-looking emails. Blocking unauthorized use of the network. Also, stopping the network's users accessing websites that are known to be dangerous.</li><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Deploying passive devices:</span> For instance, using devices and software that report unauthorized intrusions into the network, or suspicious activity by authorized users.</li><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Using preventative devices:</span> Devices that help identify potential security holes, so that network staff can fix them.</li><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Ensuring users follow safe practices:</span> Even if the software and hardware are set up to be secure, the actions of users can create security holes. Network security staff is responsible for educating members of the organization about how they can stay safe from potential threats.</li></ul>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Why is Network Security Important?</span>\r\nUnless it’s properly secured, any network is vulnerable to malicious use and accidental damage. Hackers, disgruntled employees, or poor security practices within the organization can leave private data exposed, including trade secrets and customers’ private details.\r\nLosing confidential research, for example, can potentially cost an organization millions of dollars by taking away competitive advantages it paid to gain. While hackers stealing customers’ details and selling them to be used in fraud, it creates negative publicity and public mistrust of the organization.\r\nThe majority of common attacks against networks are designed to gain access to information, by spying on the communications and data of users, rather than to damage the network itself.\r\nBut attackers can do more than steal data. They may be able to damage users’ devices or manipulate systems to gain physical access to facilities. This leaves the organization’s property and members at risk of harm.\r\nCompetent network security procedures keep data secure and block vulnerable systems from outside interference. This allows the network’s users to remain safe and focus on achieving the organization’s goals.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Why Do I Need Formal Education to Run a Computer Network?</span>\r\nEven the initial setup of security systems can be difficult for those unfamiliar with the field. A comprehensive security system is made of many pieces, each of which needs specialized knowledge.\r\nBeyond setup, each aspect of security is constantly evolving. New technology creates new opportunities for accidental security leaks, while hackers take advantage of holes in security to do damage as soon as they find them. Whoever is in charge of the network’s security needs to be able to understand the technical news and changes as they happen, so they can implement safety strategies right away.\r\nProperly securing your network using the latest information on vulnerabilities helps minimize the risk that attacks will succeed. Security Week reported that 44% of breaches in 2014 came from exploits that were 2-4 years old.\r\nUnfortunately, many of the technical aspects of network security are beyond those who make hiring decisions. So, the best way an organization can be sure that their network security personnel are able to properly manage the threats is to hire staff with the appropriate qualifications.","iconURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/icon_Network_security.png","alias":"network-security"},"856":{"id":856,"title":"Secure Communications","description":" <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Secure communication</span> is when two entities are communicating and do not want a third party to listen in. For that, they need to communicate in a way not susceptible to eavesdropping or interception. Secure communication includes means by which people can share information with varying degrees of certainty that third parties cannot intercept what was said. Other than spoken face-to-face communication with no possible eavesdropper, it is probably safe to say that no communication is guaranteed secure in this sense, although practical obstacles such as legislation, resources, technical issues (interception and encryption), and the sheer volume of communication serve to limit surveillance.\r\nWith many communications taking place over long distances and mediated by technology, and increasing awareness of the importance of interception issues, technology, and its compromise are at the heart of this debate.\r\n<span style=\"font-style: italic;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Encryption</span></span> is a method in which data is rendered hard to read by an unauthorized party. Since encryption methods are created to extremely hard to break, many communication methods either use deliberately weaker encryption than possible or have backdoors inserted to permit rapid decryption. In some cases, government authorities have required backdoors to be installed in secret. Many methods of encryption are also subject to &quot;man in the middle&quot; attack whereby a third party who can 'see' the establishment of the secure communication is made privy to the encryption method, this would apply for example to the interception of computer use at an ISP. Provided it is correctly programmed, sufficiently powerful, and the keys not intercepted, encryption would usually be considered secure.\r\nEncryption can be implemented in a way that requires the use of encryption, i.e. if encrypted communication is impossible then no traffic is sent, or opportunistically. Opportunistic encryption is a lower security method to generally increase the percentage of generic traffic which is encrypted. This is analogous to beginning every conversation with &quot;Do you speak Navajo?&quot; If the response is affirmative, then the conversation proceeds in Navajo, otherwise, it uses the common language of the two speakers. This method does not generally provide authentication or anonymity but it does protect the content of the conversation from eavesdropping.\r\nAn Information-theoretic security technique known as physical layer encryption ensures that a wireless communication link is provably secure with communications and coding techniques.\r\n<span style=\"font-style: italic;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Steganography</span></span> (&quot;hidden writing&quot;) is also the means by which data can be hidden within other more innocuous data. Thus a watermark proving ownership embedded in the data of a picture, in such a way it is hard to find or remove unless you know how to find it. Or, for communication, the hiding of important data (such as a telephone number) in apparently innocuous data (an MP3 music file). An advantage of steganography is plausible deniability, that is unless one can prove the data is there (which is usually not easy), it is deniable that the file contains any.\r\n<span style=\"font-style: italic;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Identity-based networks</span></span> are one of the tools to obtain security. Unwanted or malicious behavior is possible on the web since the internet is inherently anonymous. True identity-based networks replace the ability to remain anonymous and are inherently more trustworthy since the identity of the sender and recipient are known. (The telephone system is an example of an identity-based network.)\r\nRecently, <span style=\"font-style: italic;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">anonymous networking</span></span> also has been used to secure communications. In principle, a large number of users running the same system can have communications routed between them in such a way that it is very hard to detect what the complete message is, which user sent it, and where it is ultimately coming from or going to. Examples are Crowds, Tor, I2P, Mixminion, various anonymous P2P networks, and others.\r\n<span style=\"font-style: italic;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Anonymous communication devices</span></span> are also one of the tools to obtain security.&nbsp; In theory, an unknown device would not be noticed, since so many other devices are in use. This is not altogether the case in reality, due to the presence of systems such as Carnivore and Echelon, which can monitor communications over entire networks and the fact that the far end may be monitored as before. Examples include payphones, Internet cafes, etc.\r\nPrograms offering more security are <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">secure instant messaging, VoIP, secure email, IRC and webchat,</span> and so on.","materialsDescription":" <span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">What are the types of security?</span>\r\nSecurity can be broadly categorized under the following headings, with examples:\r\n<span style=\"font-style: italic; \"><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">1. Hiding the content or nature of a communication</span></span>\r\n<ul><li><span style=\"font-style: italic; \">Code</span> – a rule to convert a piece of information (for example, a letter, word, phrase, or gesture) into another form or representation (one sign into another sign), not necessarily of the same type. In communications and information processing, encoding is the process by which information from a source is converted into symbols to be communicated. Decoding is the reverse process, converting these code symbols back into information understandable by a receiver. One reason for coding is to enable communication in places where ordinary spoken or written language is difficult or impossible. For example, semaphore, where the configuration of flags held by a signaler or the arms of a semaphore tower encodes parts of the message, typically individual letters, and numbers. Another person standing a great distance away can interpret the flags and reproduce the words sent.</li><li><span style=\"font-style: italic; \">Encryption</span></li><li><span style=\"font-style: italic; \">Steganography</span></li><li><span style=\"font-style: italic; \">Identity-Based</span></li></ul>\r\n<span style=\"font-style: italic; \"><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">2. Hiding the parties to a communication – preventing identification, promoting anonymity</span></span>\r\n<ul><li>&quot;Crowds&quot; and similar anonymous group structures – it is difficult to identify who said what when it comes from a &quot;crowd&quot;</li><li>Anonymous communication devices – unregistered cellphones, Internet cafes</li><li>Anonymous proxies</li><li>Hard to trace routing methods – through unauthorized third-party systems, or relays</li></ul>\r\n<span style=\"font-style: italic; \"><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">3. Hiding the fact that communication takes place</span></span>\r\n<ul><li>&quot;Security by obscurity&quot; – similar to a needle in a haystack</li><li>Random traffic – creating random data flow to make the presence of genuine communication harder to detect and traffic analysis less reliable</li></ul>\r\nEach of the three is important, and depending on the circumstances any of these may be critical. For example, if a communication is not readily identifiable, then it is unlikely to attract attention for identification of parties, and the mere fact communication has taken place (regardless of content) is often enough by itself to establish an evidential link in legal prosecutions. It is also important with computers, to be sure where the security is applied, and what is covered.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">What are the methods used to &quot;break&quot; security?</span>\r\n<span style=\"font-style: italic; \"><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Bugging</span></span>\r\nThe placing covertly of monitoring and/or transmission devices either within the communication device, or in the premises concerned.\r\n<span style=\"font-style: italic; \"><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Computers (general)</span></span>\r\nAny security obtained from a computer is limited by the many ways it can be compromised – by hacking, keystroke logging, backdoors, or even in extreme cases by monitoring the tiny electrical signals given off by keyboard or monitors to reconstruct what is typed or seen (TEMPEST, which is quite complex).\r\n<span style=\"font-style: italic; \"><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Laser audio surveillance</span></span>\r\nSounds, including speech, inside rooms, can be sensed by bouncing a laser beam off a window of the room where a conversation is held and detecting and decoding the vibrations in the glass caused by the sound waves.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">What are the systems offering partial security?</span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Anonymous cellphones.</span> Cellphones can easily be obtained, but are also easily traced and &quot;tapped&quot;. There is no (or only limited) encryption, the phones are traceable – often even when switched off – since the phone and SIM card broadcast their International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI). It is possible for a cellphone company to turn on some cellphones when the user is unaware and use the microphone to listen in on you, and according to James Atkinson, a counter-surveillance specialist cited in the same source, &quot;Security-conscious corporate executives routinely remove the batteries from their cell phones&quot; since many phones' software can be used &quot;as-is&quot;, or modified, to enable transmission without user awareness and the user can be located within a small distance using signal triangulation and now using built-in GPS features for newer models. Transceivers may also be defeated by jamming or Faraday cage.\r\nSome cellphones (Apple's iPhone, Google's Android) track and store users' position information so that movements for months or years can be determined by examining the phone.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Landlines.</span> Analog landlines are not encrypted, it lends itself to being easily tapped. Such tapping requires physical access to the line which can be easily obtained from a number of places, e.g. the phone location, distribution points, cabinets and the exchange itself. Tapping a landline in this way can enable an attacker to make calls that appear to originate from the tapped line.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Anonymous Internet.</span> Using a third-party system of any kind (payphone, Internet cafe) is often quite secure, however, if that system is used to access known locations (a known email account or 3rd party) then it may be tapped at the far end, or noted, and this will remove any security benefit obtained. Some countries also impose mandatory registration of Internet cafe users.\r\nAnonymous proxies are another common type of protection, which allows one to access the net via a third party (often in a different country) and make tracing difficult. Note that there is seldom any guarantee that the plaintext is not tappable, nor that the proxy does not keep its own records of users or entire dialogs. As a result, anonymous proxies are a generally useful tool but may not be as secure as other systems whose security can be better assured. Their most common use is to prevent a record of the originating IP, or address, being left on the target site's own records. Typical anonymous proxies are found at both regular websites such as Anonymizer.com and spynot.com, and on proxy sites which maintain up to date lists of large numbers of temporary proxies in operation.\r\nA recent development on this theme arises when wireless Internet connections (&quot;Wi-Fi&quot;) are left in their unsecured state. The effect of this is that any person in range of the base unit can piggyback the connection – that is, use it without the owner being aware. Since many connections are left open in this manner, situations where piggybacking might arise (willful or unaware) have successfully led to a defense in some cases, since it makes it difficult to prove the owner of the connection was the downloader or had knowledge of the use to which unknown others might be putting their connection. An example of this was the Tammie Marson case, where neighbors and anyone else might have been the culprit in the sharing of copyright files. Conversely, in other cases, people deliberately seek out businesses and households with unsecured connections, for illicit and anonymous Internet usage, or simply to obtain free bandwidth.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Programs offering more security.</span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\"><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Secure instant messaging</span></span> – Some instant messaging clients use end-to-end encryption with forwarding secrecy to secure all instant messages to other users of the same software. Some instant messaging clients also offer end-to-end encrypted file transfer support and group messaging.\r\n<span style=\"font-style: italic;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">VoIP</span></span> – Some VoIP clients implement ZRTP and SRTP encryption for calls.\r\n<span style=\"font-style: italic;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Secure email</span></span> – some email networks are designed to provide encrypted and/or anonymous communication. They authenticate and encrypt on the users own computer, to prevent transmission of plain text, and mask the sender and recipient. Mixminion and I2P-Bote provide a higher level of anonymity by using a network of anonymizing intermediaries, similar to how Tor works, but at a higher latency.\r\n<span style=\"font-style: italic;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">IRC and webchat</span></span> – Some IRC clients and systems use client-to-server encryption such as SSL/TLS. This is not standardized.","iconURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/diseno-plano-de-icon.png","alias":"secure-communications"},"858":{"id":858,"title":"Secure File Sharing","description":" Secure file sharing is the process of sharing one or more files securely or privately.\r\nIt enables sharing files between different users/organizations confidentially and/or within a protected mode, secure from intruders or unauthorized users.\r\nSecure file sharing is also known as protected file sharing.\r\nSecure file sharing is generally performed by encrypting the file, either before sharing or when being transmitted over the network. This is done through an encryption algorithm. The file can be shared within a local network or over a standard Internet connection. Secure file sharing can also be done through a private network connection such as a VPN.\r\nMost file-sharing services or software enable secure file sharing by restricting access to the file, such as only granting authorized personnel rights to access, view and download the file.","materialsDescription":" <span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">What is file-sharing security?</span>\r\nFile sharing has grown in popularity and frequency as people work remotely and enterprises move to the cloud. However, any time employees use technology to share files between devices, there are security risks involved. File-sharing can introduce risks of malware infection, hacking, and loss or exposure of sensitive information. Without proper security measures in place, the benefits of file sharing can be significantly outweighed by the potential for exposing your company’s sensitive data to new security threats.\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">What Are The Pros and Cons of File Sharing?</span>\r\nThere are a number of factors to keep in mind before you start actively file sharing.\r\n<span style=\"font-style: italic; \"><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Pros:</span></span>\r\n<ul><li>It allows you to transfer large files over a network connection.</li><li>It makes it easier to collaborate with other people across the globe.</li><li>It reduces the need to maintain a central file server that is always online.</li></ul>\r\n<span style=\"font-style: italic; \"><span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Cons:</span></span>\r\n<ul><li>The amount of bandwidth required can be costly.</li><li>Hard to trace what happens to a file after it is shared publicly.</li><li>Higher risk of acquiring a virus or other type of malware from a remote file.</li></ul>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">What are file-sharing stats?</span>\r\nWhen the topic of file-sharing comes up, most people recall the days of tools like Napster which became popular methods for illegally transferring music content around the internet in the ’90s. Today, however, file sharing is a key function for many businesses and other use cases.\r\n<ul><li>39% of business data that is uploaded to the cloud is used for file-sharing purposes.</li><li>The average company shares files with over 800 different online domains, which includes partners and vendors.</li><li>About 60% of files uploaded to a file sharing service are never actually shared with other people and are instead used as a backup copy.</li><li>About 70% of shared files are spread to only internal users in an organization.</li></ul>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">Secure file-sharing for businesses</span>\r\nSome of the best practices when it comes to ensuring your file-sharing sessions are secure at all times.\r\n<ul><li>Pick a service that offers <span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">end-to-end encryption.</span> This protects you from external hackers and also prevents the host itself from viewing your data.</li><li>Always <span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">double-check permission settings.</span> Most services allow for a public sharing option, but that means that anyone with the right link can obtain your files.</li><li>Run <span style=\"font-weight: bold; \">audits on your files</span> to see who is accessing them. If a file is no longer needed, remove it from your cloud system entirely.</li></ul>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">What are the types of file sharing?</span>\r\n<span style=\"font-style: italic;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">File Transfer Protocol (FTP)</span></span>\r\nFTP was one of the first methods invented for moving data across networks and it remains very popular today thanks to its reliability and efficiency. FTP actions can be run through a command prompt window or a tool with a user interface. All it requires is for you to specify the source file you want to move and the destination where it should be placed.\r\n<ul><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Great for:</span> Large files, unusual file types, or legacy data.</li><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Example programs:</span> FileZilla, Telnet, WinSCP.</li></ul>\r\n<span style=\"font-style: italic;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Peer to Peer (P2P)</span></span>\r\nThe purpose of a P2P file transfer is to remove the need for a central server that hosts the data. Instead, individual clients connect to a distributed network of peers and complete the file transfers over their own network connections. P2P might eventually be used to create an unstoppable TOR. Whether or not The Onion Router (TOR) is a truly P2P environment depends on many factors, but its popularity in creating a more secure online connection is unquestioned.\r\n<ul><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Great for:</span> Sharing files with a small group of people, files that are unavailable in public repositories.</li><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Example programs:</span> Limewire, Gnutella, BearShare.</li></ul>\r\n<span style=\"font-style: italic;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Cloud Services</span></span>\r\nWith a cloud file sharing service, one user uploads their data to a central repository and then other users can download the files to their own devices. All data is hosted by a third party provider, although users can specify what types of permission levels to put on the files.\r\n<ul><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Great for:</span> Fast sharing of files, creating backups of data.</li><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Example programs:</span> Dropbox, Box, OneDrive, iCloud.</li></ul>\r\n<span style=\"font-style: italic;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Email Providers</span></span>\r\nSome people don’t realize that email can actually function as a file transfer system. Every time you attach a document to an outgoing message, you are initiating a transfer of that data over the open internet.\r\n<ul><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Great for:</span> Small files, data that need explanation.</li><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Example programs:</span> Gmail, Outlook, Yahoo! Mail.</li></ul>\r\n<span style=\"font-style: italic;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Removable Storage</span></span>\r\nWhen no network-based option will fulfill your needs, you can always rely on a physical drive to serve as your file transfer operation. This means you are literally copying data to a USB flash drive or external hard drive and plugging that device into the destination computer.\r\n<ul><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Great for:</span> Massive files, sensitive data.</li><li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Example programs:</span> USB thumb drives or external hard drives.</li></ul>","iconURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/sharefiledocumentcopying-icon.png","alias":"secure-file-sharing"}},"branches":"Information Technology","companySizes":"1 to 50 Employees","companyUrl":"http://introspectivenetworks.com/","countryCodes":[],"certifications":[],"isSeller":true,"isSupplier":true,"isVendor":true,"presenterCodeLng":"","seo":{"title":"Introspective Networks","keywords":"","description":" <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Introspective Networks</span> is a cybersecurity company that provides proactive solutions to protect data communications and IoT device control. Combining moving target defense (MTD), streaming encryption, out-of-band, and po","og:title":"Introspective Networks","og:description":" <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Introspective Networks</span> is a cybersecurity company that provides proactive solutions to protect data communications and IoT device control. Combining moving target defense (MTD), streaming encryption, out-of-band, and po","og:image":"https://old.roi4cio.com/uploads/roi/company/Introspective_Networks.png"},"eventUrl":"","vendorPartners":[],"supplierPartners":[],"vendoredProducts":[{"id":4703,"logoURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/introspective_networks.png","logo":true,"scheme":false,"title":"Introspective Networks StealthComms","vendorVerified":0,"rating":"0.00","implementationsCount":0,"suppliersCount":0,"supplierPartnersCount":0,"alias":"introspective-networks-stealthcomms","companyTitle":"Introspective Networks","companyTypes":["supplier","vendor"],"companyId":6060,"companyAlias":"introspective-networks","description":"StealthComms (SC) is the first truly confidential, fully secure Internet based messaging system. SC utilizes IN‘s patented technology to provide Moving Target Defense and Streaming Key Encryption capabilities that prevent the interception and injection of data across the wire. SC is the solution for highly secure, ubiquitous communications from any device or computer over a public network. \r\n<b>Features:</b>\r\n<i>Secure Conversations </i>\r\nThe SC app is designed with confidentiality in mind. The app provides a one on one messaging session that is not stored, removing concerns about information being left behind on a phone, tablet or computer. Every conversation can only be seen by the participants involved. Even if a device is cracked, because messages are never stored, they are never compromised. In short, SC provides the most secure communications mechanism for data in motion as well as at rest.\r\n<i>Secure File Transfer </i>\r\nSC also securely sends and receives images and other files while allowing the sender to control whether the recipient is allowed to save them. Secure audio and video communications will be available soon. \r\n<i>Common Sense Interface </i>\r\nThe StealthComms UI is intuitive, simple, and easy to use. It is geared toward the mission at hand without distraction from unnecessary features. \r\n<i>Availability</i>\r\nSC is available on most Apple and Android mobile devices, and on the Chrome Browser for Windows, MacOS, Linux, and ChromeOS. It is ready to use or can be tailored to specific organizational needs, ensuring the security and confidentiality of data in motion and at rest. Contacts can include anyone or be restricted to individuals with the app, anyone within an organization, or specific persons or groups in an organization, and custom restrictions are available. 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SC utilizes IN‘s patented technology to provide Moving Target Defense and Streaming Key Encryption capabilities that prevent the interception and injection of data","og:image":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/introspective_networks.png"},"eventUrl":"","translationId":4702,"dealDetails":null,"roi":null,"price":null,"bonusForReference":null,"templateData":[],"testingArea":"","categories":[],"characteristics":[],"concurentProducts":[],"jobRoles":[],"organizationalFeatures":[],"complementaryCategories":[],"solutions":[],"materials":[],"useCases":[],"best_practices":[],"values":[],"implementations":[]}],"suppliedProducts":[{"id":4703,"logoURL":"https://old.roi4cio.com/fileadmin/user_upload/introspective_networks.png","logo":true,"scheme":false,"title":"Introspective Networks StealthComms","vendorVerified":0,"rating":"0.00","implementationsCount":0,"suppliersCount":0,"supplierPartnersCount":0,"alias":"introspective-networks-stealthcomms","companyTitle":"Introspective Networks","companyTypes":["supplier","vendor"],"companyId":6060,"companyAlias":"introspective-networks","description":"StealthComms (SC) is the first truly confidential, fully secure Internet based messaging system. SC utilizes IN‘s patented technology to provide Moving Target Defense and Streaming Key Encryption capabilities that prevent the interception and injection of data across the wire. SC is the solution for highly secure, ubiquitous communications from any device or computer over a public network. \r\n<b>Features:</b>\r\n<i>Secure Conversations </i>\r\nThe SC app is designed with confidentiality in mind. The app provides a one on one messaging session that is not stored, removing concerns about information being left behind on a phone, tablet or computer. Every conversation can only be seen by the participants involved. Even if a device is cracked, because messages are never stored, they are never compromised. In short, SC provides the most secure communications mechanism for data in motion as well as at rest.\r\n<i>Secure File Transfer </i>\r\nSC also securely sends and receives images and other files while allowing the sender to control whether the recipient is allowed to save them. Secure audio and video communications will be available soon. \r\n<i>Common Sense Interface </i>\r\nThe StealthComms UI is intuitive, simple, and easy to use. It is geared toward the mission at hand without distraction from unnecessary features. \r\n<i>Availability</i>\r\nSC is available on most Apple and Android mobile devices, and on the Chrome Browser for Windows, MacOS, Linux, and ChromeOS. It is ready to use or can be tailored to specific organizational needs, ensuring the security and confidentiality of data in motion and at rest. Contacts can include anyone or be restricted to individuals with the app, anyone within an organization, or specific persons or groups in an organization, and custom restrictions are available. 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